Zhai Shanying talks about digital currency classification
The number of bitcoin is too small to circulate on a large scale in society. Moreover, its existence is not guaranteed by the national credit, but based on the trust between bitcoin players, so the credit of this "currency" is relatively low
moreover, the number of bitcoin is small, and it is too concentrated in the hands of several big players, resulting in its price is very unstable. This is basically not money. Because as a general currency, an important prerequisite is price stability, otherwise the economic order will collapse
bitcoin has no value base; The price fluctuates sharply; There are three basic reasons why bitcoin can't become the world currency e to the lack of support from monetary authorities
can bitcoin become a real currency? http://www.financialnews.com.cn/yw/pl/201401/t20140107_ 47595. HTML
since the birth of the first bitcoin seven years ago, bitcoin has been developing rapidly and caused a lot of controversy. The discussion focuses on how to define bitcoin, whether it can become a currency and even become an international currency in the future
in 2013, bitcoin was very popular in China, not only the price soared, but also was evaluated as "a big challenge to the current monetary system" by some analysts. In early December 2013, the people's Bank of China, together with five ministries and commissions, issued the notice on preventing bitcoin risks, pointing out that bitcoin is a specific virtual commodity, not a real currency. Then, bitcoin prices fell
at the beginning of the new year, on January 4, the National Bank of Malaysia announced on its website that it would not recognize bitcoin as a legal currency, and urged the public to be vigilant against its risks. In fact, since the second half of 2013, South Korea, Thailand, Indonesia, Norway and other countries have successively made their stand against bitcoin trading activities, and they do not recognize bitcoin as a currency in the market
At the same time, it is reported that in January this year, the world's first bitcoin atmrobocoin entered the Hong Kong and Taiwan markets. Companies also plan to launch bitcoin ATMs in more parts of Europe, Canada and the United Stateson the one hand, the relevant regulatory authorities have "made their stand clear"; on the other hand, the global layout of bitcoin has been advancing rapidly. How to determine the nature of bitcoin and its future development momentum have once again attracted the attention of all parties
Sheng Songcheng, director general of the survey and Statistics Department of the people's Bank of China, published an article entitled "virtual currency is not money in essence -- take bitcoin as an example" in his own name, emphasizing that virtual currency represented by bitcoin is not money in essence and it is difficult to become money
he believes that bitcoin lacks national credit support and is difficult to perform the function of commodity exchange medium as the base currency. Modern credit currency (paper money) represents national credit, and actually represents the proction and transaction of commodities in the whole society. As long as the national machine works normally, the coercive force of national laws can give the public trust in the standard currency. Bitcoin has no value itself, no national credit support, and no guarantee of the whole society's commodity proction and trade, so it does not have the value basis of money. In addition, bitcoin has no legal compensation and compulsion, and its circulation range is limited and unstable. Bitcoin has strong substitutability, so it is difficult to be a general equivalent
Secondly, the number and scale of bitcoin have set an upper limit, which is difficult to meet the needs of modern economic development. He believes that there is a contradiction between the limited quantity of bitcoin and the expanding social proction and commodity circulation. If bitcoin becomes the standard currency, it will inevitably lead to deflation and inhibit economic development. The limitation of quantity also makes bitcoin's function as a means of circulation and payment greatly reced, which makes it easier to become a speculative object rather than a medium of exchange Thirdly, bitcoin lacks a central regulation mechanism, which is not compatible with the modern credit currency system. Sheng Songcheng believes that bitcoin does not have a centralized issuer, so it is easy to be over hyped, resulting in excessive price fluctuations, and can not become a pricing currency and circulation means, so it needs to be converted into bitcoin to pay; Bitcoin is also not controlled by the monetary authorities, so it is difficult to play the role of economic adjustment meansat the end of the article, Sheng Songcheng also made it clear that money is inseparable from economic operation and economic development, and is not a pure proct of technology. As long as there is no fundamental change in the form of modern economic and social organizations, the monetary system based on national credit will exist, and bitcoin and other virtual currencies will not become the standard currency of a country, and thus not the real currency, "but the Utopia of technology supremacy and absolute liberalism"
As for the prosperity and significance of bitcoin, Sheng Songcheng explained, "the emergence of bitcoin reflects people's worries about inflation under the condition of credit currency in a sense. Central banks should strengthen liquidity management, reasonably regulate money supply, keep prices basically stable, and promote stable economic and social development. "ring the writing period, our reporter contacted Sheng Songcheng again on issues related to bitcoin. He stressed again in the interview: "bitcoin is not the real currency, the real currency can only be the standard currency."
Sheng Songcheng said, "from the perspective of the history of monetary theory, bitcoin is not new. Its essence is the privatization of currency issuance or the non nationalization of currency. Hayek, a famous Austrian economist and Nobel laureate, put forward a proposal many years ago, and Friedman, a famous American economist, also made a similar proposal. However, their opinions are only a theoretical analysis tool, which is difficult to operate in real economic life, and the modern economy is increasingly inseparable from the country's macro-control. This financial crisis and its response is a good proof. Money is one of the main means of national macro-control and the basis of modern state and government. How can it be privatized? So I use the word "Utopia."“ In my opinion, technology can not replace the national attribute. Any digital currency can only be the realization form of standard currency. Therefore, electronic money will develop, and virtual money is utopia. " Sheng Songcheng said, "as long as there is a modern state, virtual currency will not be a currency. Many people ignore the national and social attributes behind money and think that money is just a natural entity. "as for the future development prospects of bitcoin, a commercial bank analyst interviewed said: "bitcoin trading, as a commodity trading behavior on the Internet, ordinary people have the freedom to participate in it at their own risk, and there is still a lot of room for development in this aspect. At present, in view of the fact that bitcoin has not had any impact on the monetary policy of central banks, and from the perspective of issuing technology, it seems to have enlightenment, so many central banks hold a wait-and-see attitude towards it. "
but as for whether bitcoin can play the role of currency in the future, or even international currency, the analyst said that it is "not optimistic". He said, "even if some countries want to use bitcoin as the world settlement currency, but it is in private hands, and the price fluctuates violently, can it become an international currency? Moreover, the important premise for it to become an international currency is that the authorities of all countries recognize its monetary nature, which itself is a difficult problem. "
Sheng Songcheng also said, "bitcoin does not have a value base; The price fluctuates sharply; There are three basic reasons why bitcoin can't become a world currency without the support of national monetary authorities. "in the first stage, blockchain is still a kind of network infrastructure construction. Enterprises providing high-quality technical services can charge technical service fees, and can also use this technology in some anti-counterfeiting systems such as Maotai liquor and luxury goods
in the second stage, the application segment will be implemented. At present, many scenarios such as storage, game operation, user payment, currency issuance and investment fund can also be realized through blockchain. However, this part of the profit belongs to the application publisher, just as an online game manufacturer uses C + + to write a game. C + + is blockchain technology, but it is the manufacturer who makes money, However, in the short term, large-scale application is still difficult
in the third stage, monetization, securitization and life-oriented are fairly recognized. Considering that the essence of currency issuing right is monopolized by the state violent machine, the property owner of seigniorage must belong to the government department, and the blockchain of currency and securities must go through a process of public power to understand, accept and allow. But it the first mock exam that this technology will also have far-reaching impact on the digitalization of money, and the profit margin under this mode is limitless.
a person's good practice needs to be polished by practice. It is clear that only you can rely on yourself in the process. Don't deliberately imitate others. You can't other people's experience. In the end, you can only find a way to become yourself, break through the limitations of your original thinking comfort circle, constantly strive to enjoy the process, so that the excellent me constantly presents a different state. But the direction should be right, let oneself always have the feeling of vitality, don't fall into depression, constantly reflect on their own thinking
there are many life models summarized by predecessors for reference, such as Stephen Covey's seven habits of high-performance people, which are active, start from the end, priority first, transposition thinking, win-win thinking, integration and comprehensive effect, and constantly updated, concise and comprehensive. Taking this as a guide, we know that the time and energy of a person's life is limited, and we need to put the limited time and energy on important things. Do things need specific goals, and quantitative step-by-step decomposition, the formation of their daily natural behavior habits, over time, the formation of their own way of life, this is a new self from the inside out
if you plan ahead, you will stand up, if you don't plan ahead, you will abandon. If you want to live a peaceful life in the future and be able to implement your habit planning step by step, you need to break through the behavior comfort circle. Every day, every week and every month, we should plan the time and energy for the next phase, know the clear goals in all directions, know what degree we want to achieve, what difficulties we expect to encounter, what general plans we have, and then start the specific implementation. We should regularly check which links need to be optimized, adjust and optimize them, and then enter the next action cycle, Let the heart calm, do things better. Slowly, you will be surprised to find that the harvest of money and resources is a by-proct of your continuous practice.
ants themselves do finance, and finance is an intermediary platform. They take money from rich people and invest it to get returns
but have you found that the novels, TV dramas and so on around you are all bad guys as soon as you mention finance, such as the wolf of Wall Street and the merchant of Venice. Because the characteristic of the financial instry itself is to dislike the poor and love the rich. The richer the people are, the more they serve them. Only by helping the rich to make money can finance make money. Therefore, the development of finance over the past few hundred years has widened the gap between the rich and the poor and widened the social contradiction. Therefore, literary works have branded finance as a "villain"< There are many problems in the current situation caused by ants:
1. A large number of financial companies in China generally keep a low profile, but ants keep a high profile. In the subway advertisement, the father goes to huali to borrow money for his daughter's birthday. It takes a long time for him to change after his birthday. What's the social atmosphere caused by this kind of advertisement? You need to think about it
2. Ants should be most grateful to the government. All they have are special treatment given by the government. They can lend more than 200 billion yuan a year, but only 2% of their own funds. In other words, the ant can earn so much money because the country's banking system helps it. Low interest loans are given to the ant, and 15% of the high interest loans are loaned out again. The loan interest and service charge of huabeijie is the highest in China, only lower than that of usury. In this process, it only provides a platform, because ant's money is not given by the state, or by the bank allowed by the state policy. But Mr. Ma didn't say a good word when he came on the stage. He told the country all over again and didn't feel grateful
3. The P / E ratio of all financial institutions listed on the stock market is about 10 times, while that of ant is 100 times, cutting the leeks of the public and ordinary people. After cutting, the employees inside ant own houses, cars and rich properties
the problem of ants actually reflects the problem of finance, which, to some extent, improves the liquidity of world currency, on the contrary, widens the gap between the rich and the poor
to be a company, we need to be "humble and arrogant". The future wealth must be in the hands of people with real skills and those who embrace the digital economy, but we must be modest.
in order to standardize the procere of handling consumer complaints by China's instrial and commercial administration departments, handle the disputes between consumers and business operators in a timely manner, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, In February 2014, the executive meeting of the State Administration for Instry and Commerce of the people's Republic of China deliberated and approved the measures for handling consumer complaints by the Administration for Instry and Commerce (Order No. 62 of the State Administration for Instry and Commerce), which came into force on March 15, 2014[ 2]
Chinese name
consumer complaints
foreign name
consumer complaints
principle
regional jurisdiction is the main, level jurisdiction is the auxiliary
classification
consumer rights protection
relevant laws and regulations
State Administration for Instry and Commerce Order No. 62
acceptance principle
Consumer Association accepts consumer complaints and implements regional jurisdiction as the main, (1) complaints against consumers shall be handled by the county-level consumer association or its subordinate branch where the defendant is located; If the location of the defendant is inconsistent with the place of permanent residence, it shall be handled by the county-level consumer association or its subordinate branch in the place of permanent residence
(2) if the case involves more than two county-level districts, it shall be handled by a common consumer association at the next higher level (municipal or provincial level)< (3) if the case involves more than two municipal associations, it shall be handled by the Provincial Consumer Association; The provincial consumer association may entrust any consumer association in its jurisdiction with handling the complaint that has been accepted< (4) letters and online complaints received by provincial consumer associations can be directly transferred to local consumer associations, and major and difficult complaints can be directly accepted< (5) if a foreign consumer complains against a domestic business operator, it shall be handled by the Consumer Association at the county level in the place where the defendant is located; Consumers in the province in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hong Kong and Macao can complain to the local consumer association
complaint form
consumer complaints can be made by telephone, letter, interview and Internet. However, no matter which form is adopted, it should have the following contents:
(1) basic information of the complaining party and the complained party. The name, address, postal code and telephone number of the complaining party; The name, address, postal code and telephone number of the party to be complained, and the power of attorney shall be submitted to the Consumer Association if the consumer entrusts an agent to complain
(2) specific complaint content. The process of the damage and the negotiation with the operator< (3) specific evidence. Consumers are obliged to provide evidence related to complaints to prove that there is a causal relationship between the purchase, use of goods or acceptance of services and the damage. The Consumer Association generally does not retain the original evidence (original, physical, etc.) provided by both parties to the dispute< (4) specific complaint requests< (5) the date of the complaint
business scope
the following complaints will not be accepted:
(1) there is no clear respondent< (2) disputes between operators
(3) the operator has truthfully explained to the consumers that the goods are defective in advance
(4) the parties to the dispute have reached a settlement (mediation) agreement and performed it without new reasons or relevant basis< (5) the consumer fails to provide any necessary evidence< (6) it has been accepted and handled by the court, relevant administrative departments or arbitration institutions
(7) laws and regulations clearly stipulate that it should be handled by designated departments< (8) other circumstances not within the scope of the consumer law
the consumer association will decide whether to accept the complaint within seven working days after receiving the complaint. If it is not accepted, a letter of rejection shall be issued. After a complaint case is accepted, it should be mediated within 15 working days. If the case is complicated or special, it can be extended to three months with the consent of both parties< According to the consumer law, the rights and interests of consumers who need to buy, use goods or receive services for daily consumption are protected by this law. Therefore, the consumer complaints that are not the object are not accepted by the Consumer Association
misunderstanding 2
all purchased goods can be complained
in both cases, if the purchased goods have problems, the complaint Consumer Association will not accept it. One is the goods beyond the warranty period. One is improper use and man-made damage< Article 55 of the new consumer law: if a business operator fraulently provides goods or services, it shall increase the compensation for the losses suffered by the business operator according to the requirements of the consumers, and the amount of the increased compensation shall be three times of the price of the goods purchased or the service received by the consumers; If the amount of additional compensation is less than 500 yuan, it shall be 500 yuan. Where the law provides otherwise, such provisions shall prevail
that is to say. Three for a fake, not ten for a fake
however, if the merchant promises to pay 10 for the fake, the operator shall compensate for the price of the purchased goods
if you need corresponding financial planning suggestions, please go to CMB outlets or contact the customer manager directly to try to understand Warm tips: please read the proct manual carefully before purchasing]
Internet finance is an emerging field combining traditional financial instry with Internet spirit. Internet & quot; Openness, equality, cooperation and sharing & quot; The spirit of Internet has penetrated into the traditional financial formats, which has a fundamental impact on the human financial model. The financial formats with Internet spirit are collectively referred to as Internet finance. The difference between Internet Finance and traditional finance lies not only in the different media used in financial business, but also in the fact that financial participants have a deep understanding of the essence of "openness, equality, cooperation and sharing" of the Internet. Through the Internet, mobile Internet and other tools, traditional financial business has stronger transparency, higher participation, better cooperation, lower intermediate cost, higher efficiency, and higher efficiency More convenient operation and other features
for example:
crowdfunding
crowdfunding is to raise money for the masses or for the masses, which refers to the mode of raising project funds from netizens in the form of group buying in advance. The original intention of crowdfunding is to make use of the characteristics of Internet and SNS communication to let start-ups, artists or indivials show their ideas and projects to the public, strive for everyone's attention and support, and then obtain the financial assistance they need. The operation mode of crowdfunding platform is similar: indivials or teams who need funds will hand over the project planning to crowdfunding platform, and after relevant audit, they can establish their own page on the platform's website to introce the project to the public
In a narrow sense, third-party payment refers to an electronic payment mode in which non bank institutions with certain strength and reputation guarantee, with the help of communication, computer and information security technology, sign contracts with major banks to establish a connection between users and bank payment and settlement systemsaccording to the definition of non-financial institutions' payment services given by the central bank in 2010 in the administrative measures for non financial institutions' payment services, in a broad sense, the third-party payment refers to the online payment, prepaid card, bank card receipt and other payment services provided by non-financial institutions as payment intermediaries of payees and payers. Third party payment is not only limited to the initial Internet payment, but also becomes a comprehensive payment tool with full online and offline coverage and richer application scenarios