The understanding of digital currency
Publish: 2021-05-28 04:55:18
1. digital currency is the need of future development. From animal tooth and shell currency to metal currency and paper currency, human beings have all developed for the development of Commerce and trade. It is not the proct of political groups. It is the proct of social and economic development. The right to issue currency is snatched from the people by political groups, which is forcibly snatched for the benefit of some economic and political groups Not all currencies are issued by the government: for example, the Hong Kong dollar, the euro and other digital currencies issued for banks and political groups are the proct of shearing and manipulation by interest groups like the United States. It is also the necessity of printing and issuing trade currency if you want to. It is the proct of social economic science and technology, so it is the necessity of development. I think digital currency is the medium of trade exchange in the future. Share source video.
2.
Digital currency is abbreviated as digiccy, which is the abbreviation of "digital currency" in English. It is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digiccy
digital currency is different from the virtual currency in the virtual world, because it can be used for real goods and services transactions, not limited to online games. The early digital currency (digital gold currency) is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. Today's digital currency, such as bitcoin, lightcoin and ppcoin, is an electronic currency created, issued and circulated by check sum cryptography. It is characterized by the use of P2P peer-to-peer network technology to issue, manage and circulate currency. In theory, it avoids bureaucratic examination and approval, so that everyone has the right to issue currency
Compared with paper money, digital money has obvious advantages, which can not only save the cost of issuance and circulation, but also improve the efficiency of transaction or investment, and enhance the convenience and transparency of economic transaction activities. The issue of digital currency by the central bank also ensures the continuity of financial policy and the integrity of monetary policy, and also ensures the security of monetary transactionsalthough the issuing method of digital currency is still under study, paper currency has been regarded as "the currency of the previous generation" by some professionals, and it is the general trend to be replaced by new technology and new procts. Due to China's large population and volume, the timetable for issuing digital currency is still uncertain. It is predicted that digital currency and cash will be in parallel and graally replaced for quite a long time. When the era of digital currency really comes, people will carry less and less cash, travel more and more safe, poverty alleviation more and more accurate, corruption more and more difficult to escape, and thieves more and more difficult
extended information:
in November 2016, the central bank prepared digital currency, and the cash is likely not to exist in ten years
in November 2016, China digital currency Research Institute was established to cultivate high-level talents of digital currency, carry out digital currency research, consultation, development planning and related activities. It is a non-profit unit with legal license approved by relevant ministries and commissions, and is committed to promoting the integrated development of scientific research and Practice of digital currency instry
so far, Hangzhou, Shenzhen and Guizhou have become the three hot areas for the central bank's digital currency pilot. It is reported that Hangzhou is actively promoting the planning and construction of Qiantang River financial harbor, including the blockchain instry. Hangzhou will build the first blockchain Instrial Park in China, which is located in the Internet Finance town of Xihu District, surrounded by ant financial services, e-commerce bank, Zhejiang University and its science and Technology Park and other well-known enterprises and parks
3. That's not the difference between Alipay's money and your simple understanding. In this way, you can inspect DCPRO specifically.
4.
The star silver ore is distributed in many places at the white spot in the figure below. You can chop it with the big sword
5. Digital currency is abbreviated as digiccy, which is the abbreviation of "digital currency" in English. It is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digiccy
digital currency is different from the virtual currency in the virtual world, because it can be used for real goods and services transactions, not limited to online games. The early digital currency (digital gold currency) is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. Today's digital currency, such as bitcoin, lightcoin and ppcoin, is an electronic currency created, issued and circulated by check sum cryptography
it is characterized by the use of P2P peer-to-peer network technology to issue, manage and circulate currency. In theory, it avoids bureaucratic examination and approval, so that everyone has the right to issue currency
extended information:
digital gold currency is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. The typical unit of measurement for this currency is the Troy gram or troy ounces, although sometimes the golden Dinar is used
digital gold currency is funded by gold storage without quota or decentralized quota. By January 2006, digital gold currency suppliers held more than 8.6 metric tons of gold as reserves, worth about $154 million
the relevant person in charge of the central bank said that the digital currency research team of the people's Bank of China should establish a more effective organizational guarantee mechanism, further clarify the strategic objectives of the central bank's issuance of digital currency, do a good job in tackling key technologies, study the multi scenario application of digital currency, and strive to launch the digital currency issued by the central bank as soon as possible.
digital currency is different from the virtual currency in the virtual world, because it can be used for real goods and services transactions, not limited to online games. The early digital currency (digital gold currency) is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. Today's digital currency, such as bitcoin, lightcoin and ppcoin, is an electronic currency created, issued and circulated by check sum cryptography
it is characterized by the use of P2P peer-to-peer network technology to issue, manage and circulate currency. In theory, it avoids bureaucratic examination and approval, so that everyone has the right to issue currency
extended information:
digital gold currency is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. The typical unit of measurement for this currency is the Troy gram or troy ounces, although sometimes the golden Dinar is used
digital gold currency is funded by gold storage without quota or decentralized quota. By January 2006, digital gold currency suppliers held more than 8.6 metric tons of gold as reserves, worth about $154 million
the relevant person in charge of the central bank said that the digital currency research team of the people's Bank of China should establish a more effective organizational guarantee mechanism, further clarify the strategic objectives of the central bank's issuance of digital currency, do a good job in tackling key technologies, study the multi scenario application of digital currency, and strive to launch the digital currency issued by the central bank as soon as possible.
6. Electronic money refers to the exchange of a certain amount of cash or deposit from the issuer and obtaining the data representing the same amount. By using some electronic methods, the data can be directly transferred to the payment object, so as to pay off the debt
features:
(1) based on computer technology, it can store, pay and circulate
(2) it can be widely used in the fields of proction, exchange, distribution and consumption
(3) integrating savings, credit and non cash settlement
(4) e-money is easy to use, safe, fast and reliable
(5) at present, the use of e-money usually uses bank cards (magnetic cards, smart cards) as the media
(1) the nature of e-money
there is still controversy in the academic circles about whether e-money constitutes money. Some legal scholars think that it is unrealistic to entrust the legal experts with the task of proving whether electronic currency constitutes a new type of currency on the premise that the concept of currency has not been finalized in the economic circle. It is generally believed that whether electronic money is a kind of money should be dealt with on a case by case basis. For the primary electronic currency of credit card and stored value card, it can only be regarded as an electronic tool to query and transfer bank deposits or an electronic tool to pay for the existing currency, and can not really constitute a kind of currency. However, in order to truly become a kind of currency in circulation, cash simulation electronic currency should also meet the following conditions:
(1) it is widely accepted as a measure of value and an exchange intermediary, rather than just as a commodity
(2) it must be the ultimate means to pay off the debt that does not depend on the credit of the bank or the issuing institution, and the party receiving the payment does not need to retain the right of recourse
(3) free circulation and complete convertibility
(4) it can be a means of preserving value without collection, liquidation and settlement 5) The payment is completely unspecific and anonymous
to study the above-mentioned Mondex card and e-cash, first of all, their value is based on the existing cash and deposit, which is the proct of the issuer's electronic value of the existing currency. Holding electronic currency only means that the holder has the right to exchange the value of cash or deposit with the issuer; Secondly, according to the principle of legal currency, if e-money really becomes a kind of currency, it needs to be explicitly approved by a country's legislation. Therefore, electronic currency can be regarded as a secondary currency based on the existing currency, and it can not be regarded as a kind of currency completely independently
e-money is a kind of information currency
in the final analysis, e-money is just conceptual monetary information, which is actually a special information composed of a group of data including the user's identity, password, amount, scope of use, etc., so it can also be called digital currency. When people use e-money transactions, they actually exchange the relevant information. After the information is transmitted to the merchants who set up this kind of business, the settlement between the two sides of the transaction is more economical, more convenient and faster than the way of the real banking system
e-money is a quasi currency that can be paid.
whether e-money can be called currency depends on whether e-money can independently perform the function of currency. At present, electronic currency can play the role of payment and settlement, but it is only a quasi currency that may perform monetary functions. First of all, e-money lacks the price standard of money, so it can't measure and express the value and price of goods alone, and it can't have the means of value preservation. Instead, it can only rely on the function of value measurement and value storage of real money; Secondly, because electronic money is based on certain electronic devices - smart cards and computers, its circulation and use must have certain technical facilities and software support. Therefore, we can not really carry out the function of circulation means; Finally, although the most basic function of e-money is to implement the means of payment, most of the existing e-money can not be used for direct payment between indivials. Moreover, when paying to a special merchant, the merchant has to collect the real money from the bank or credit card company that issued the e-money before the payment is recovered, E-money can not perform the function of payment means independently. It can be seen that the current electronic currency is a new currency form or payment method based on the existing currency
(2) there is no unified solution to the issue of the main body of electronic currency in various countries, but it depends on the specific national conditions. The United States and Europe hold different positions on the issue of institutions issuing e-money: the Federal Reserve of the United States holds that non bank institutions should be allowed to issue e-money, because non banks must develop safe procts because of the high cost of developing and marketing e-money. The United States does not think that non banking institutions will pose a threat to banks, because they think that banks have a good reputation, so consumers tend to trust the e-money issued by major local banks rather than the e-money issued by a newly established non banking institution. The working group of the European Monetary Authority (EMU) considers that only the credit institutions supervised by the competent authorities can issue electronic money. For example, the European Monetary Fund (EMI) published the report on prepaid cards in May 1994, which was submitted by the European settlement system business department. It pointed out that the funds collected by e-wallet issuers should be regarded as bank deposits. In principle, only financial institutions are allowed to issue e-wallets. In the amendment to the "credit system law", Germany, a member of the European Union, stipulates that all electronic currency can only be issued by banks. In China, as for credit cards, the "measures for the administration of credit card business" implemented on April 1, 1996 stipulates that the issuers of credit cards are limited to commercial banks, and there is no legal provision for other types of electronic currency other than credit cards. As far as China's current situation and national conditions are concerned, it is more feasible for the main body of issuing e-money to be the people's Bank of China or the financial institutions entrusted by the people's Bank of China. The reasons are as follows: first, it helps the government to monitor e-money, adjust its monetary policy in time according to the development of e-money research and practice, and ensure the reliability of the payment system. Second, because the e-money issued by the central bank is more reliable in terms of credibility and final cashability, it is easier for consumers to accept and actively participate in, thus promoting the popularization and development of e-money< Third, the security of e-money, because only in the presence of high-tech infrastructure, can e-money be used in e-commerce in an efficient and effective way. Some people think that if we want to make e-money "negotiable" in the future and "make people trust its security", then this security technology should be regulated by the government. Otherwise, if there is no certain regulatory standard, where is the credit of e-money? How can it circulate? However, the question here is how to grasp the scale of government supervision? Just as there is a dispute about technology neutrality and technology specialization in electronic signature technology, the over regulation of the government will hinder the development of technology, which is fatal to the rapid development of e-commerce. However, if it is not regulated, the credit of e-money will be difficult to establish. Therefore, it is very important to grasp the scale of government regulation
(4) for the liquidity of electronic currency, if the electronic currency is encrypted, it is in fact the same as being registered. If you want to be anonymous, you can't even add the password. The problem is that if anonymous e-money is used, some criminal activities, such as money laundering, drug trafficking, terrorist activities, arms trading, will be rampant, and law enforcement agencies will not be able to find out the source or destination of these e-money in the network. In this case, there will be no way to protect users. There is no doubt that e-money has no borders and can be transferred instantaneously, which will cause a blind spot in public security. The law should weigh the two and make a balance between them
(5) protection of consumers' rights and interests in e-money transactions, a large amount of settlement information will be accumulated and stored in the settlement service providers. Different types of electronic money and Settlement Types involve different personal information, and the privacy degree and scope of the personal information are also different. Customers may not be able to understand the large amount of personal information accumulated by settlement service providers, resulting in insecurity. Therefore, the settlement provider should disclose the scope and privacy of the personal information stored and accumulated by it to the customer, and ensure that the accumulation and use of the information is only for the purpose of ensuring the security of the transaction.
features:
(1) based on computer technology, it can store, pay and circulate
(2) it can be widely used in the fields of proction, exchange, distribution and consumption
(3) integrating savings, credit and non cash settlement
(4) e-money is easy to use, safe, fast and reliable
(5) at present, the use of e-money usually uses bank cards (magnetic cards, smart cards) as the media
(1) the nature of e-money
there is still controversy in the academic circles about whether e-money constitutes money. Some legal scholars think that it is unrealistic to entrust the legal experts with the task of proving whether electronic currency constitutes a new type of currency on the premise that the concept of currency has not been finalized in the economic circle. It is generally believed that whether electronic money is a kind of money should be dealt with on a case by case basis. For the primary electronic currency of credit card and stored value card, it can only be regarded as an electronic tool to query and transfer bank deposits or an electronic tool to pay for the existing currency, and can not really constitute a kind of currency. However, in order to truly become a kind of currency in circulation, cash simulation electronic currency should also meet the following conditions:
(1) it is widely accepted as a measure of value and an exchange intermediary, rather than just as a commodity
(2) it must be the ultimate means to pay off the debt that does not depend on the credit of the bank or the issuing institution, and the party receiving the payment does not need to retain the right of recourse
(3) free circulation and complete convertibility
(4) it can be a means of preserving value without collection, liquidation and settlement 5) The payment is completely unspecific and anonymous
to study the above-mentioned Mondex card and e-cash, first of all, their value is based on the existing cash and deposit, which is the proct of the issuer's electronic value of the existing currency. Holding electronic currency only means that the holder has the right to exchange the value of cash or deposit with the issuer; Secondly, according to the principle of legal currency, if e-money really becomes a kind of currency, it needs to be explicitly approved by a country's legislation. Therefore, electronic currency can be regarded as a secondary currency based on the existing currency, and it can not be regarded as a kind of currency completely independently
e-money is a kind of information currency
in the final analysis, e-money is just conceptual monetary information, which is actually a special information composed of a group of data including the user's identity, password, amount, scope of use, etc., so it can also be called digital currency. When people use e-money transactions, they actually exchange the relevant information. After the information is transmitted to the merchants who set up this kind of business, the settlement between the two sides of the transaction is more economical, more convenient and faster than the way of the real banking system
e-money is a quasi currency that can be paid.
whether e-money can be called currency depends on whether e-money can independently perform the function of currency. At present, electronic currency can play the role of payment and settlement, but it is only a quasi currency that may perform monetary functions. First of all, e-money lacks the price standard of money, so it can't measure and express the value and price of goods alone, and it can't have the means of value preservation. Instead, it can only rely on the function of value measurement and value storage of real money; Secondly, because electronic money is based on certain electronic devices - smart cards and computers, its circulation and use must have certain technical facilities and software support. Therefore, we can not really carry out the function of circulation means; Finally, although the most basic function of e-money is to implement the means of payment, most of the existing e-money can not be used for direct payment between indivials. Moreover, when paying to a special merchant, the merchant has to collect the real money from the bank or credit card company that issued the e-money before the payment is recovered, E-money can not perform the function of payment means independently. It can be seen that the current electronic currency is a new currency form or payment method based on the existing currency
(2) there is no unified solution to the issue of the main body of electronic currency in various countries, but it depends on the specific national conditions. The United States and Europe hold different positions on the issue of institutions issuing e-money: the Federal Reserve of the United States holds that non bank institutions should be allowed to issue e-money, because non banks must develop safe procts because of the high cost of developing and marketing e-money. The United States does not think that non banking institutions will pose a threat to banks, because they think that banks have a good reputation, so consumers tend to trust the e-money issued by major local banks rather than the e-money issued by a newly established non banking institution. The working group of the European Monetary Authority (EMU) considers that only the credit institutions supervised by the competent authorities can issue electronic money. For example, the European Monetary Fund (EMI) published the report on prepaid cards in May 1994, which was submitted by the European settlement system business department. It pointed out that the funds collected by e-wallet issuers should be regarded as bank deposits. In principle, only financial institutions are allowed to issue e-wallets. In the amendment to the "credit system law", Germany, a member of the European Union, stipulates that all electronic currency can only be issued by banks. In China, as for credit cards, the "measures for the administration of credit card business" implemented on April 1, 1996 stipulates that the issuers of credit cards are limited to commercial banks, and there is no legal provision for other types of electronic currency other than credit cards. As far as China's current situation and national conditions are concerned, it is more feasible for the main body of issuing e-money to be the people's Bank of China or the financial institutions entrusted by the people's Bank of China. The reasons are as follows: first, it helps the government to monitor e-money, adjust its monetary policy in time according to the development of e-money research and practice, and ensure the reliability of the payment system. Second, because the e-money issued by the central bank is more reliable in terms of credibility and final cashability, it is easier for consumers to accept and actively participate in, thus promoting the popularization and development of e-money< Third, the security of e-money, because only in the presence of high-tech infrastructure, can e-money be used in e-commerce in an efficient and effective way. Some people think that if we want to make e-money "negotiable" in the future and "make people trust its security", then this security technology should be regulated by the government. Otherwise, if there is no certain regulatory standard, where is the credit of e-money? How can it circulate? However, the question here is how to grasp the scale of government supervision? Just as there is a dispute about technology neutrality and technology specialization in electronic signature technology, the over regulation of the government will hinder the development of technology, which is fatal to the rapid development of e-commerce. However, if it is not regulated, the credit of e-money will be difficult to establish. Therefore, it is very important to grasp the scale of government regulation
(4) for the liquidity of electronic currency, if the electronic currency is encrypted, it is in fact the same as being registered. If you want to be anonymous, you can't even add the password. The problem is that if anonymous e-money is used, some criminal activities, such as money laundering, drug trafficking, terrorist activities, arms trading, will be rampant, and law enforcement agencies will not be able to find out the source or destination of these e-money in the network. In this case, there will be no way to protect users. There is no doubt that e-money has no borders and can be transferred instantaneously, which will cause a blind spot in public security. The law should weigh the two and make a balance between them
(5) protection of consumers' rights and interests in e-money transactions, a large amount of settlement information will be accumulated and stored in the settlement service providers. Different types of electronic money and Settlement Types involve different personal information, and the privacy degree and scope of the personal information are also different. Customers may not be able to understand the large amount of personal information accumulated by settlement service providers, resulting in insecurity. Therefore, the settlement provider should disclose the scope and privacy of the personal information stored and accumulated by it to the customer, and ensure that the accumulation and use of the information is only for the purpose of ensuring the security of the transaction.
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