Industry and information technology and digital currency

There are seven Euro grass samples issued by the European Monetary office, with denominations of 5 euro (gray), 10 euro (red), 20 euro (blue), 50 euro (Orange), 100 euro (green), 200 euro (yellow) and 500 euro (purple). The ticket is composed of three basic architectural elements: window, gate and bridge, representing the spirit of opening, cooperation and communication between the EU. Since the establishment of euro, there have been seven denominations in Euro notes, which are & 8364; 5,€ 10,€ 20,€ 50,€ 100,€ 200 and 8364; 500 The first set of euro notes was issued from January 1, 2002 to May 1, 2013, and then replaced by the second set from May 2, 2013. Unlike coins, the design of paper money is the same throughout the eurozone. In order to make the notes more rable and more easily recognizable by touch, the paper on which they are printed is made of pure cotton fiber. The minimum size of euro notes is 120mm x 62mm, and the maximum size is 160mm x 82mm; Different notes use different themes to distinguish them. On January 13, 2014, the European Central Bank released a new version of 10 euro banknotes, which was put into circulation on September 23, 2014
the new version of euro 10 is printed with the portrait watermark of the mythical figure Europa as a security mark. The portrait is taken from a 2000 year old antique vase in southern Italy. In addition to the portrait of Europa, the new banknotes also have other anti-counterfeiting marks. The denomination number printed on the front of the note will change from emerald to dark blue when viewed from the side. The edge of the note is set with raised ripples, which are printed with special materials and slightly thicker than other parts. In fact, the European Central Bank issued a new version of 5 Euro note in 2013, followed by a new version of 10 euro note. One of the purposes of the new version is to improve the service life of the note, facilitate people to withdraw money or pay money in ATMs and vending machines, and avoid the situation that the old machine cannot recognize the note. 2002 edition
the first set of euro notes, with the theme of "architectural styles of different periods in Europe", represents the 2000 year evolution of European architecture. The front porch or window with simple lines symbolizes the core spirit of the "open and cooperative" European Union; The bridge on the back of the note symbolizes "the exchange between the people of Europe and the people of other parts of the world". In addition, the 12 stars on the paper money also represent "the vitality and harmony of contemporary Europe"
according to the principle of equality among EU Member States, the design elements on euro notes do not represent any physical buildings. This relatively neutral choice maximizes the common values of all countries, and effectively avoids the disputes caused by the design of paper currency in euro area countries
all banknotes are printed with the European Union flag, covering 11 languages (BCE, ECB, EZb, ΕΚΤ, EKP), map of Europe, "euro" text (Latin: Euro, Greek: ΕΥΡΩ And the signature of the president of the European Central Bank
the final design of this set of banknotes was selected from 44 works in a competition held by the European Central Bank on February 12, 1996, and the European Council held in Dublin on December 3, 1996 announced the winning of the design of Robert Kalina of the Austrian National Bank. Although Robert Calina initially used existing bridges in Europe as his design elements, all the drawings of bridges and doors and windows on euro notes are based on the architectural styles of different periods in his history. The different architectural styles displayed by different notes are listed in the table below. 2002 edition denomination size main color architectural style design printing code location # 8364; 5 120 × 62 gray classical architecture from the 1st century on the left side of image edge; 10 127 × 67 red Romanesque architecture stars at 8 o'clock in 11th-12th Century; 20 133 × 72 blue Gothic architecture stars at 9 o'clock in 13th-14th Century; 50 140 × 77 orange Renaissance architecture, 15th-16th century image edge, right side & #8364; 100 147 × 82 green Baroque and Rococo 17-18th century nine o'clock position to the right of the stars; 200 153 × 82 Yellow Brown Art Nouveau (glass and steel) from 19th century to 20th century, seven o'clock is above the stars; 500 160 × 82 purple modernist architecture the stars at nine o'clock in the 20th-21st century the map of Europe is painted on the back of the euro note. Since the overseas territories of some European countries (such as French Guiana) also use euro, the maps of these overseas territories are drawn separately and placed in the lower left corner of the map of the European continent. After the enlargement of the European Union in 2004, Cyprus and Malta began to use the euro, but because of the layout of the map, their territory was not drawn in the euro notes
signature
the signature of the president of the European Central Bank is printed on the front of the euro note. In 2002, the signature of the first president, VIM de Isenberg, appeared on the bank note, which was later replaced by the signature of Jean Claude Trichet. In March 2012, banknotes bearing the signature of Mario Draghi, the current president, were issued
security measures
euro notes include many complex security measures, such as watermark, infrared and ultraviolet ink, hologram, micro printing, etc., to ensure the authenticity of the notes. In order to let the public distinguish the authenticity of the notes, the European Central Bank has made public some security measures. However, the complete security measures of euro notes are strictly kept secret by central banks under the euro system. Generally speaking, there are four ways to distinguish the authenticity of euro notes. The first three identification methods, namely "touch, observe, incline" (French: touch, Regarder, incline) promoted by the European Central Bank, can make it easy for the general public to identify the authenticity of paper money
touch: Paper - the paper is treated with special materials to make it tough and brittle; Gravure printing - the main patterns, large numbers representing the face value and abbreviations representing the European Central Bank are printed in gravure to make them feel concave and convex; Observation: watermark - after watermark processing, the patterns include the face value of the notes and the windows of European buildings in different periods. When viewed in the light, the original blurred patterns become clear and visible; Safety line: when you look into the light, you can find a magnetic black line in the middle of the note, and the transparent word "euro" and the corresponding face value are printed in the middle of the black line; Complementary printing - when you look into the light, you can see that the incomplete numbers in the upper left corner of the front and the upper right corner of the back are combined into one, which represents the face value of the note; Tilt: hologram - on the right side of the front of the 5 euro, 10 euro and 20 euro notes, there is a hologram band. By repeatedly tilting up and down, you can see the face value of the note, the European Union flag, the euro symbol and the word "euro"; On the right side of the front of the 50 euro to 500 euro notes, there is a hologram label, which is printed with the face value of the note, the word "euro" and the main pattern on the front of the note; Rainbow belt - on the back of 5 euro, 10 euro and 20 euro notes, there is a rainbow belt printed with the face value of the note and euro symbol; Photochromic ink - in the lower right corner of the back of 50 euro to 500 euro notes, the face value number printed with photochromic ink can be seen by tilting up and down repeatedly. Other measures: infrared and ultraviolet characteristics - in the infrared instrument, part of the note will disappear; Under ultraviolet light, the banknote pattern will have fluorescence effect; Miniaturized characters - when you look at the banknotes carefully, you can see the characters that are very clear but can still be recognized by the naked eye. The lines of these characters are thin and clear, and it is difficult to forge them by ordinary printing; Anti circle - the irregular circle on the note, through which some copiers can identify the note and refuse to it; Digital Watermarking: embedding information into the pattern by mathematical encryption algorithm, which makes some image processing software (such as Adobe Photoshop) recognize and refuse to process it; Magnetic ink - the specific area of a note is printed with magnetic ink (such as the serial number of the note) for detection by special instruments; Bar code - when you look at the banknote facing the light, you can find that there is a bar code watermark in the left part of the middle of the banknote, and the bar codes displayed in different denominations are different. Although the ECB president's signature will vary with the time of issue, it is not part of the euro's anti-counterfeiting measures. 2013 edition denomination size main color architectural style design printing code location & # 8364; 5 120 × 62 gray classical architecture in the upper right corner of the image edge since the 1st century; 10 127 × 67 red Romanesque architecture stars at 8 o'clock in 11th-12th Century; 20 133 × 72 blue Gothic architecture stars at 9 o'clock in 13th-14th Century; 50 140 × 77 orange Renaissance architecture, 15th-16th century image edge, right side & #8364; 100 147 × 82 green Baroque and Rococo 17-18th century nine o'clock position to the right of the stars; 200 153 × 82 Yellow Brown Art Nouveau (glass and steel) from 19th century to 20th century, seven o'clock is above the stars; 500 160 × 82 purple modernist architecture the star at nine o'clock in the 20th-21st century all euro coins have the same front face, marked with the denomination of the coin, known as "common side", while the pattern on the back of the coin is designed by the issuing country itself. Constitutional monarchies often use the head of their monarch, and other countries usually use the symbol of their country. All different coins can be used in all Euro areas. For example, coins with the head of the king of Spain are legal tender in countries that use the euro outside Spain. Euro coins come in eight denominations. Although 1 euro cent and 2 euro cent coins are not generally used in Finland and the Netherlands, they are still legal tender. The design of each denomination of euro notes is the same in all countries. There are seven denominations in Euro notes. Although large denomination notes are not issued in some countries, they are still legal tender. Trans European Automated Real Time Gross Settlement Express Transfer System (target) is a European wide large value transaction clearing system that has been established before the euro issue. The general rule of micropayment is that transfers within the euro area are regarded as domestic transfers, the costs of credit card payments and ATM withdrawals in the euro area are the same as domestic costs, and bill payments, such as cheques, are the same as domestic costs
the euro pattern was collected by the European Monetary Authority and finalized on December 13, 1996. Austrian banknote designer Robert Kalina's plan was adopted. According to the Calina scheme, the larger the denomination, the larger the area of the note. The main components of the front design of various banknotes are doors and windows, which symbolize the spirit of cooperation and honesty. A circle of 12 stars symbolizes the harmonious life of the EU countries in Europe. On the reverse side of the note is a bridge, symbolizing the close ties between European countries. The patterns of doors, windows and bridges represent the architectural styles of different periods in Europe. From small to large, they are classicism, Romanticism, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo, iron and glass, and modernist. The colors are as follows