CCB digital cash machine supplier
there is no . In response to the online transmission of China Construction Bank mobile app online digital currency in personal wallet, CCB responded on the evening of August 29 that CCB carried out relevant function test in mobile banking system on the evening of August 28, at present, this test has ended . At present, Internet information is the testing content in the process of technology research and development, does not mean that digital RMB is officially launched
it is reported that recently, the app of China Construction Bank launched the digital currency wallet, which surprised people. Users only need to bind their own bank card on the digital currency wallet to open it. In addition, the app of China Construction Bank has added two submenus of digital wallet recharge and digital currency, indicating that users can use the digital RMB wallet to recharge, It is mainly divided into app wallet and hardware wallet
extended information:
many companies speed up the layout
recently, there are many rumors about digital RMB, which are also reflected in the capital market. Judging from the performance of the digital currency sector, it recently hit a new high this year
some listed companies revealed that they would pay attention to the field of digital currency and actively lay out their plans. On the e interactive platform of Shanghai Stock Exchange, Qi an Xin said that the pilot test of digital currency has brought more market opportunities for security manufacturers from the new security project opportunities brought by the upgrading of financial IT system, and the company has been paying attention to and actively arranging
The company has been paying close attention to and actively following up the technology and application trends related to digital currency, and has continued to make layout in technology R & D and proct development. In the process of promoting the implementation of digital currency by the central bank, Youbo will also contribute to the digitalization of RMB and the implementation of offline merchant payment scenariosShenzhou Holdings said in the China Daily News that its Shenzhou information has participated in the central bank's digital currency (DC / EP) test and related promotion work of a commercial bank, involving the electronic payment scenario test of encrypted digital currency. As one of the important systems required for the later promotion of DC / EP, Shenzhou information has completed relevant technical reserves, In the future, it can help commercial banks realize the implementation and promotion of digital currency
So far, Hangzhou City, Shenzhen City and Guizhou Province have become the three hot areas of the central bank's digital currency pilot, and the virtual digital currency ATM has not been installed yet P>
expand answer:
China's digital currency characteristics:
China digital currency is the proct of the combination of traditional currency and the Internet, and is the Internet plus of financial and monetary domain. p>
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China's digital currency will be the only digital currency issued by the state in the world so far, with national credit and currency anchor that bitcoin and other digital currencies do not have
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China's digital currency can learn from blockchain and other new network technologies to enhance its own security and stability. Blockchain is also a kind of mesh topology, which can rece the task of the central server and has anti-counterfeiting function
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China's digital currency relies on a secure and stable Internet. The promotion and application of quantum communication technology is of great significance to the security of China's digital currency
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China's digital currency is based on the real RMB, not a kind of currency made out of thin air. The two are only different in form, the former is electronic data, the latter is RMB paper money
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China's digital currency is a kind of electronic currency created by digital network technology, which also has the main characteristics of network packets
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digital currency is an encrypted algorithm, just like a cash note with a unique number, which can not be tampered with< br />
what is China's digital currency:
Finance: Citibank, Morgan Stanley Investment, JPMorgan Chase Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, HSBC, BNP Paribas, Credit Agricole, Societe Generale, Commerzbank of Germany, Mizuho bank, Sumitomo Mitsui bank, Mitsubishi UFJ Bank, Netherlands International American International, Zhongli, standard life, Samsung Life under Samsung
Trade Logistics: Porsche Volkswagen logistics center, Dow Chemical Logistics Center, Ge leasing, Mitsui procts, Mitsubishi, Itochu (7 & 11), Wal Mart, Cuifeng, Carrefour, Jiadebao, SHV, Metro, AEON
transportation: Maersk, Lufthansa, Ana, JAL Korean Airlines, UPS, DHL, TNT, FedEx (Daejeon)
chemical: BASF, AkzoNobel, Henkel, P & G, GlaxoSmithKline, aisanya
Machinery: Caterpillar, United Technologies (OTIS), Honeywell, John Deere, Schlumberger, Halliburton, Boeing, EADS (Airbus), Hitachi, ALSTOM, Siemens Emerson Process
Electronics: Panasonic, Ricoh, IBM, Seiko Epson, Canon, Fuji optical machinery, Fujitsu, Motorola, Samsung, LG, Microsoft, abb electric, Schneider Electric
human resources: Wanbao Shenghua
automobile: Toyota, Continental, Bridgestone, Honda, Denso, Aisin precision machinery, Magna
food: Kraft, Nestle, Coca Cola Pepsi, InBev, Sally, Bangqi, Altria
in 2007, TEDA is one of the world's top 500 enterprises in TEDA
TEDA has attracted a large number of multinational enterprises representing the world's most advanced proctive forces. As of March 2007, a total of 59 multinational companies from 10 foreign countries and regions have invested in 129 enterprises in TEDA<
enterprise name
Toyota Motor Co., Ltd.
Mitsubishi Corporation
Mitsui & Co., Ltd.
Itochu Corporation
Sumitomo Corporation
Marubeni Corporation
Honda Motor Co, Ltd.
Matsushita Electric Instrial Co., Ltd.
nissho Iwai, a Japanese company
Canon Inc.
Daiei, Inc.
Denso Corporation
Toyota Tsusho
Aisin Seiki, a Japanese company
Sanyo Electric Co, Ltd.
Idemitsu Kosan
Bridgestone
Sekisui
Nippon Yusen
NEC
Mitsubishi Chemical
Kyocera
nimbus All medicine rimil
Nomura Securities
Kawasaki heavy instries
IBM
International Business Machines Corporation
Exxon Mobil
Altria group
Motorola, Inc.
PepsiCo, Inc.
Honeywell, Inc.
the Coca Cola Company
Emerson Electric Co.
Halliburton Co.
Deere & Company
Tyco international
Eastman Kodak
United Technologies
Emerson Electric
chevron
At & T
Volkswagen AG, Germany
Bosch Robert Bosch
continental
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
Hyundai Motor Company
LG International Co.
Pohang Iron & Steel Co, Ltd.
Akzo Nobel
Dutch trading SHV holdings
Flextronics International Ltd.
Alcatel Co.
Lafarge group
Schneider Electric
HSBC Holding
GlaxoSmithKline, Inc.
Nestl é SA
ASI bramble farry ABB Group
Hon Hai Precision Foxconn
list of top 100 enterprises in TEDA in 2006
ranking enterprise name ranking enterprise name
1 Motorola (China) Electronics Co., Ltd. 51 Tianjin Xingyun (Group) Co., Ltd.
2 Tianjin FAW Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. 52 sew instrial recer (Tianjin) Co., Ltd
3 Tianjin Samsung Communication Technology Co., Ltd. 53 Meike international furniture (Tianjin) Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
4 Tianjin Jinya Electronics Co., Ltd. 54 Tianjin Donghai physicochemical Auto Parts Co., Ltd.
5 Freescale Semiconctor (China) Co., Ltd. 55 feibida electronic components (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
6 Tianjin Samsung electronic display Co., Ltd. Tianjin TEDA Investment Control Co., Ltd Tianjin Tongguang Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. 57 general semiconctor (China) Co., Ltd.
8 Tianjin Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. 58 Tianjin Yamaha Electronic Instrument Co., Ltd.
9 Tianjin Samsung optoelectronics Co., Ltd. 59 Tianjin Shuangye xiezhan Machinery Co., Ltd.
10 Tianjin TEDA Construction Group Co., Ltd. 60 Bridgestone (Tianjin) Tire Co., Ltd.
11 Tianjin Samsung vision Co., Ltd.
12 sew transmission equipment (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
62 Agricultural Bank of China Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone Branch
13 Samsung high tech motor (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
63 Tianjin Sanyo communication equipment Co., Ltd.
14 bank of China Co., Ltd Tianjin Binhai Branch 64 Tianjin Jun'an coal coke chemical Co., Ltd.
15 Tianjin Yingtai Automobile Accessories Co., Ltd.
65 Tianjin dingzheng printing packaging material Co., Ltd.
16 Tianjin Taida Group Co., Ltd.
66 Dacheng Wanda (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
17 Tianjin Jinqiao Welding Material Group Co., Ltd.
67 Zhengda Group (Tianjin) Instrial Co., Ltd.
18 Jun'an (Tianjin) Instrial Co., Ltd Ltd.
68 Butler (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
19 Tianjin Samsung vision Mobile Co., Ltd.
20 Tianjin Electronic Equipment Co., Ltd.
70 Tianjin unified instry Co., Ltd.
21 ROM semiconctor (China) Co., Ltd.
71 Kyocera (Tianjin) Trading Co., Ltd.
22 Yaguang Nepro precision injection molding (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
72 Tianjin Nanqiao Oil Co., Ltd.
23 Tianjin Dingjin Food Co., Ltd.
73 Tianjin Zhengda feed Technology Co., Ltd.
24 PPG coating (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
74 Tianjin steel pipe engineering equipment and materials Co., Ltd.
25 Tianjin CIMC Beiyang container Co., Ltd.
75 Tianjin Alps Electronics Co., Ltd.
26 Schneider Electric low voltage (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
76 Tianjin haoan mining Co., Ltd.
27 Tianjin Samsung Motor Co., Ltd.
77 Samsung Aishang (Tianjin) International Logistics Co., Ltd.
28 novozyme (China) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
78 Tianjin Toyota Logistics Co., Ltd.
29 Aisin (Tianjin) body Parts Co., Ltd.
79 modern Gaoxin Electronics (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
30 Tianjin Binhai Development Investment Holding Co., Ltd 80 Tianjin COSCO Guanxi coating Chemical Co., Ltd.
31 China Construction Bank Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone Branch 81 GlaxoSmithKline (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
32 Herbie (Tianjin) Electronics Co., Ltd.
82 Honeywell (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
33 instrial and Commercial Bank of China Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone Branch 83 Tianjin Aksu Nobel peroxide Co., Ltd.
34 Tianjin Jinbin Development Co., Ltd. 84 jpower Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
35 Novo Nordisk (China) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 85 Sidis (Tianjin) Electronics Co., Ltd.
36 Tianjin Development Zone Fulin Development Co., Ltd. 86 Jinliang (China) Co., Ltd.
37 spiker cooling technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. 87 kelixin Electronics (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
36 />38 AkzoNobel coatings (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. 88 Foxconn (Tianjin) Precision Instry Co., Ltd.
39 Agricultural Bank of China Tianjin Tanggu Branch 89 Metso mining machinery (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
40 Beihai grain and oil instry (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. 90 Tianjin 712 communication Broadcasting Co., Ltd.
41 Tianjin Coca Cola Beverage Co., Ltd. 91 Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Co., Ltd District mechanical and electrical equipment company
42 civil engineering company of China Construction Sixth Engineering Bureau 92 Tianjin Sanhuan Lexi new materials Co., Ltd.
43 Tianjin Fuji Tongtian Electronics Co., Ltd.
93 Tianjin Wantong fashion Property Co., Ltd.
44 Tianjin Jinzhu automobile wiring harness Co., Ltd.
44 Tianjin Aida automatic transmission Co., Ltd.
45 Tianjin lejin Dagu Chemical Co., Ltd.
95 days Jinlitong carbon procts Co., Ltd.
46 Tianjin YAZAKI Auto Parts Co., Ltd.
96 Tianjin Development Zone Jinpeng plastic profile Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
47 John deer tiantuo Co., Ltd.
97 Tianjin Stanley Electric Co., Ltd.
48 Tianjin rolling three logistics Co., Ltd.
49 Tianjin TEDA Jinlian Electric Power Co., Ltd.
99 Tianjin Binhai Energy Development Co., Ltd.
50 Tianjin World supermarket chain Co., Ltd. 100 Tianjin Meihe Instrial Development Co., Ltd
There are five coalfields in Liaoyuan, Meihe, Jinbaotun, Wanbao and Longjiapu. The mining areas are distributed in Liaoyuan, Meihekou, Baicheng, Changchun and Tongliao of Inner Mongolia. The company has four proction mines, one under construction, and four railway transportation, supply, sales and telecommunication units directly serving the proction of raw coal. The main coal types are gas coal and long flame coal, with coal reserves of 360 million tons and recoverable reserves of 235 million tons. The non coal proction units under the Bureau include coal machinery plant, Fangda company, Zhuoli company, water pump plant, railway equipment plant, gangue hollow brick plant and two construction units, namely construction and installation Corporation and well construction engineering office. The logistics service units include the general hospital for staff and workers, the ecation and Training Center for staff and workers, etc. Over the past 58 years, the Bureau has made certain contributions to the country. In the early 1950s, the coal output of our bureau once accounted for one of 29% of the total coal output of the country. By the end of 2005, 210 million tons of raw coal had been proced and 500 million yuan of tax had been paid (excluding Wanbao mine and coal machinery plant). In recent years, great changes have taken place in the overall situation of proction and operation. Since the key state-owned coal mines were put under provincial management in 1998, under the correct leadership of the provincial Party committee and the provincial government, under the direct leadership of the Provincial Coal Instry Bureau and the leadership of the Liaoyuan Municipal Party committee, and with the strong support and help of the relevant local governments, we have persisted in self-reliance and self-improvement, emancipated the mind, deepened the reform, sought development, implemented the strategy of revitalizing coal by science and technology, and vigorously carried out the technical transformation of coal mines, We should solidly carry out the work safety and quality standardization activities, strengthen the internal management of the enterprise, and promote the construction of three civilizations, so as to make the work of the group company step into the track of sound development. In 2005, the safety proction and operation of the group company achieved good results, with "ten" major economic and technical indicators reaching a new historical level. Coal output reached a new historical level. The company completed 7.112 million tons, an increase of 812 million tons over the same period last year, more than double the 3.09 million tons in 2000 at the end of the ninth five year plan, an increase of 4.022 million tons. Coal sales reached a new historical level. The sales volume of Xi'an, Meihe and Jinbaotun mines reached 6.383 million tons, 287 million tons more than that of last year. The comprehensive price of coal was 204.02 yuan / ton, 61.11 yuan / ton higher than that of the previous year. The total instrial output value reached a new historical level. 1.78 billion yuan (excluding Wanbao coal mine and coal machinery plant), an increase of 580 million yuan over the previous year and an increase of 1.16 billion yuan over 2000 at the end of the ninth five year plan, nearly quadrupling. Raw coal efficiency reached a new historical level. 645 tons / work, 0.16 tons / work higher than that of the previous year, and 0.256 tons / work higher than that of 2000 at the end of the ninth five year plan. The output per unit area and the income per unit area have reached a new historical level. The output per unit area was 27169 tons, an increase of 767 tons over the previous year; It was 167.7 meters, 6.1 meters higher than that of the previous year, 12805 meters higher than that of 2000 at the end of the ninth five year plan, and 66.2 meters higher than that of 2000 at the end of the ninth five year plan. The degree of mining mechanization has reached a new historical level. The mining mechanization degree of the whole company was 66.9% and 95.7% respectively, which was 15.4% and 19.7% higher than that of 2000 at the end of the ninth five year plan. Proction safety has reached a new historical level. The company put an end to major casualties, eliminated gas, coal st and fire sealing accidents, and the death rate of one million tons dropped to 0.141. The level of quality standardization has reached a new level. The income of employees reached a new historical level. The annual per capita income of the employees reached 15885 yuan, 37% higher than that of the previous year, 9108 yuan higher than that of 2000 at the end of the ninth five year plan, double the number. In the previous 18 months, the employee's salary of 220 million yuan was fully reissued. Economic efficiency has reached a new historical level. After compensation, the company made a profit of 3 million yuan, 2.411 million yuan more than that of the previous year, and 38.29 million yuan more than that of 2000 at the end of the ninth five year plan. Taxes turned in reached a new historical level. The annual tax paid was 166.48 million yuan (excluding Wanbao mine and coal machinery plant), 69.607 million yuan more than that of the previous year, 126.48 million yuan more than that of 2000 at the end of the ninth five year plan, more than three times. Meihe coal mine is a new mining area of Liaoyuan mining group. It was founded in 1966 and has 5 pairs of inclined shafts. The total design capacity is 1.74 million tons per year. After technical transformation, the current approved capacity is 3.95 million tons per year
Meihe coal mine is located in Hongmei Town, Meihekou City, Jilin Province, 100km southeast of the mining group. The geographical coordinates are 125 * 36 east longitude and 39;, north latitude 42@25' ; Shenji railway in the north of the mining area and Meiji railway in the East meet at Meihekou. The 40 km special railway line in the mine connects with the national railway at heihantou station of Shenji railway and connects with each wellhead. The highway extends in all directions, connecting Meihekou city in the East, Shenyang City in the west, Liuhe County in the South and Dongfeng County in the north. Meihe coalfield was formed in the Tertiary period of Cenozoic, and the coal bearing basin developed
formed in the "V" shaped graben between Fushun Meihe Dunhua fault. It is a narrow and long syncline structure with NE-SW strike. The coalfield starts from Changsheng station in the East, ends at toubashi in the west, Dawning Guangming in the north, and Tongsheng Nangou in the south. It stretches in a belt of North, Southeast and West, with a strike of 24 km, a width of 2 km, and an area of 48 square kilometers. The coal field is divided into upper and lower coal bearing sections, the upper coal bearing section has 11 coal seams and 9 locally minable seams. There are four layers of coal in the lower coal bearing section, and there are two minable layers, that is, the 12th layer is the main minable layer, followed by the 13th layer. The thickness of each seam is 0.7-70m, generally 11-25m. The dip angle of coal seam is between 10 and 60 degrees. The moisture content of coal is about 10% and the ash content is 18-23.84%; The volatile content is 40-50%. The coal grade is long flame coal with calorific value of 6000-7000 cal / g. it is high-quality power coal and also used for civil use< From east to west, Meihe coalfield is mined by four wells, one well, two well, six well and three well respectively, with total geological reserves of 170.198 million tons and instrial reserves of 162.858 million tons. Meihe coal mine has been put into operation for 36 years. It has actually proced 59.71 million tons of coal. There are 9844 registered employees in the mine, including 5621 raw coal proction personnel. It has five administrative wellheads and an excellent staff team. There are 12 coal mining teams, of which 5 are fully mechanized. The degree of coal mining mechanization is 81.37%, and the fully mechanized proction accounts for 80% of the total proction. There are 19 units directly under the ground, including supply, mechanical processing, power supply, railway transportation, special fleet, bulldozer fleet, coal washing, coal preparation and a series of auxiliary units. Xu Xiaoqiang, Secretary of the Party committee of Meihe mine, and Chen Anshan, director of the mine. Since 2003, the company has set 10 historical best levels of raw coal output, efficiency, unit yield, single input, coal sales, sales, income, degree of coal mining mechanization, per capita income of employees, profits, taxes and so on. The development of the enterprise has changed from fast to fast, and each index has reached a new record for three consecutive years.
the coal output was 2.7 million tons in 2003 and 3.05 million tons in 2004, 3.28 million tons in 2005. From the original annual loss of tens of millions of yuan to 2003, the mine made a profit of 13.4 million yuan, 50.87 million yuan in 2004 and 100 million yuan in 200. The per capita annual income of employees increased from 8179.6 yuan in 2002, 9389 yuan in 2003, 14067 yuan in 2004, 18800 yuan in 2005, 21.98 million yuan in 2003, 35.8 million yuan in 2004 and 68.48 million yuan in 2005
over the past few years, the "three civilization construction" and environmental construction in the mining area have developed simultaneously. The staff are inspired, their families live and work in peace and contentment, the proction and living environment is comfortable and elegant, the trees are full of shade, the flowers and plants are luxuriant, the blue sky and the green grass, a stable and harmonious prosperity scene. Tai Rong Yuan Ren Tianye? Meihe mine has been awarded as advanced unit, spiritual civilization unit of Meihekou City, green mining area and model collective of coal instry in Jilin Province. Jinbaotun coal mine of Liaoyuan Mining Bureau is a medium-sized state-owned coal mine with an annual design proction capacity of 900000 tons approved by the former state energy investment company. The mine was built in July 1992. It has experienced two times of suspension, which lasted for 12 years, and was officially completed and put into operation on June 1, 2004
Jinbaotun mine is located in xiersu Town, kezuohou banner, Inner Mongolia. It is 11 kilometers away from national highway 203, 43 kilometers away from Jinbaotun station of pingqi line of national railway, and 220 kilometers away from the headquarters of Liaoyuan Mining Bureau
according to the survey of the national geological department, the geological reserves of the mine are 106.32 million tons and the recoverable reserves are 82.54 million tons. The design service life is 52.9 years. The minimum thickness of coal seam is 0.8m, the maximum is 4.8m, and the average thickness is 2.41m. It belongs to low gas mine. The coal grade is high-quality flame coal
the mine area is 37.5 square kilometers. The whole mining area covers an area of 160000 square meters, and the construction area of ground instrial square is 48000 square meters. The total investment in mine construction is 650 million yuan
the mine can be said to be the most advanced new modern mine in the province. The depth of main shaft and auxiliary shaft is 800m. The lifting and control equipment adopts domestic advanced full digital control system, which is safe and reliable. The choice of coal mining face is the more advanced comprehensive mechanized coal mining equipment in China. The tunneling face adopts the domestic advanced comprehensive roadheader, which fundamentally solves the heavy physical labor of underground workers and greatly improves the labor efficiency
the safety monitoring and measuring equipment adopts the advanced system matched with microcomputer and instrial TV, which achieves all-weather continuous monitoring and monitoring, and can effectively ensure the safety in proction. The domestic advanced counter rotating energy-saving main fan is selected as the main ventilation equipment, which not only has high power, but also has good energy-saving effect. The belt transportation system is used from the coal mining face to the bottom loading bin
there was only one fully mechanized working face in the original design of the mine. In order to improve the proction capacity of the mine, after the formal proction of the mine, the Bureau of mining raised 35 million yuan to purchase the second set of fully mechanized mining equipment, and realized the simultaneous proction of two working faces in September last year, which improved the proction capacity of the mine. In addition, the bureau also raised 65 million yuan to build a 38.5 km special railway line in the mining area, expanding the way of coal sales. It has invested 12 million yuan to build a coal washing plant with an annual coal washing capacity of 1.2 million tons, which has improved the quality of coal and increased the selling price
since the establishment of Jinbaotun coal mine, it has been equipped with personnel according to the pattern of one mine and one well. At present, there are 2293 people in the mine, including 1785 migrant workers and 508 temporary workers. "Three departments and one room" are set up for the mine machinery. It includes political work department, business management department, work safety department and general office. There are 40 workers in the mine
there are 16 basic units in the whole mine. Among them, there are 2 comprehensive mining areas, 2 comprehensive excavation areas, 3 Lane repair areas, belt team, ventilation area, electromechanical area, transportation area, power section, coal quality section, supply section, security section and life company. Xi'an coal company is one of 156 key construction projects aided by the former Soviet Union ring the first five year plan period, with a design proction capacity of 1.38 million tons / year
. The minable coal seam is a Jurassic coal bearing stratum with low ash and low sulfur high-quality gas coal. The calorific value is above 4500 kcal / kg and the average ash content is 15%. It used to be the main proction area of Liaoyuan mine. After a hundred years of mining, the coal resources are nearly exhausted. The whole mine carries out technical innovation and resial coal mining, which makes Xi'an mine full of vitality. Longjiabao coal mine is located in the eastern urban area of Changchun City, 18 kilometers southwest of Changchun City and 14 kilometers away from Changchun No.2 thermal power plant. The south side of the square is Changchun Jilin expressway, the north side is Changji railway, the east side of the square is Longjiapu Fangniugou highway, and the southeast side of the square is only 3km away from the airport. The mining area has convenient transportation and geographical location< The exploration area of Longjiapu mining area is 46.44 square kilometers, of which 120 million tons have been proved in the southeast before April 2005, and the rest are still under exploration, with the predicted reserves of 200-400 million tons
Longjiabao coal mine started to be built on May 15, 2005 and is planned to be put into operation in 2008 with a total investment of about 1.2 billion yuan. The design scale of the coal mine is 3 million tons per year, and the coal mining equipment
E-cash is a technology of simulating cash in electronic form. But it is more convenient and economical than real money. Its simplest form includes three main bodies: business, user and bank
the full name of e-cash is electronic cash. Also known as e-money or digital cash, it is a very important electronic payment system. It can be regarded as the electronic or digital simulation of real money. E-cash exists in the form of digital information and circulates through the Internet
E-cash plays the same role as ordinary cash in the economic field, which is very important to the normal economic operation. E-cash should have the following properties:(1) system independence: the use of e-cash has nothing to do with the computer system
(2) non repeated spending: e-cash can only be used once, and repeated spending can be easily detected(3) anonymity: banks and businesses collude and cannot track the use of e-cash
(4) unforgeability: users can't make counterfeit money, including two situations: first, users can't make effective e-cash out of thin air; Second, after the user withdraws n effective e-cash from the bank, he can't create effective e-cash according to the information of extracting and paying the N e-cash
(5) transitivity: users can lend e-cash to others like ordinary cash, and can't be tracked
(6) separability: e-cash can make any amount of payment