The credit base of digital currency
digital currency is an unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of a specific virtual community. The European Banking authority defines virtual currency as a digital representation of value, which is not issued by the central bank or authorities, nor linked with legal currency. However, because it is accepted by the public, it can be used as a means of payment, or it can be transferred, stored or traded in electronic form
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Digital currency is a kind of legal tender, which must be issued by the central bank. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digital currency, which is not a network virtual currency, because it is not limited to virtual space, but is often used for real goods and services transactions, such as bitcoin, Wright coin, bitstock, etc. at present, there are thousands of digital currencies issued around the world
extended data:
1. Impact on financial infrastructure
the decentralized mechanism of value exchange based on distributed ledger technology has changed the basic settings of gross and net settlement on which financial market infrastructure depends. The use of distributed ledgers also poses challenges to trading, clearing and settlement, as it promotes the disintermediation of traditional service providers in different markets and infrastructures. These changes may have potential impacts on market infrastructure other than retail payment systems, such as large payment systems, securities settlement systems or trading databases
If digital currency and distributed ledger based technology are widely used, it will bring challenges to the intermediary role of financial system participants, especially banks. As a financial intermediary, banks perform the ties of acting supervisors and supervise borrowers on behalf of depositors. Usually, banks also carry out liquidity and maturity conversion business to realize the financing from depositors to borrowers. If digital currency and distributed ledger are widely used, any subsequent disintermediation may have an impact on savings or credit evaluation mechanismsopponents of bitcoin accuse mining of wasting a lot of resources to make meaningless coin toss, while supporters take gold mining as an example. For the bitcoin system, the biggest significance of this kind of resource consumption mining is: to distribute 21 million initial bitcoins fairly, just like to consume resources to dig gold, the only way to distribute initial bitcoins fairly is to consume resources to dig bitcoins
bitcoin has thousands of plagiarists, competitors and improvers because of its open source code. Generally, those who simply and imitate bitcoin are called Shanzhai coins, and those who add certain new features to bitcoin are called competitive coins. Some coins add other functional moles such as smart contract to bitcoin, and call themselves "second generation coins". These thousands of coins try all the initial coin distribution modes you can imagine, such as the average distribution of the initial coin to each Icelandic, the distribution of the initial coin to the nextcoin of 73 crowd funding participants, and the slow distribution of the majority of the initial coin by the developer
but the fairness of all these ways of distributing initial coins is far weaker than the mode of burning money to obtain initial bitcoin, and fairness is the core problem of a monetary system. Therefore, although bitcoin mining consumes a lot of resources, it is a reasonable economic behavior just like consuming resources to mine gold.
"the emergence of digital currency follows the inevitable law of currency evolution, and is also the inevitable result of the development of science and technology. From the perspective of historical process, the carrier of currency has evolved from shellfish and precious metals to paper money, and then to the popular third-party payment electronic currency in modern society
in essence, they are pursuing the convenience and low cost of transaction, and this trend continues to develop, and the manifestation in the future society is digital currency. The first thing to solve is the technical barriers, although today's blockchain is regarded as the Internet of the 1990s, and its future is limitless. But it is not mature enough to support the huge payment system. At the same time, the issuance of legal digital currency will greatly increase the number of point-to-point transactions, bypass the original regulatory system to a certain extent, and easily facilitate illegal transactions. As digital currency makes it very convenient to convert deposits into cash, financial panic and financial risk will accelerate the spread once they occur, which increases the difficulty of supervision. In addition, in the process of using legal digital currency, a large number of user data and transaction information will be obtained. How to store and manage these data to prevent the disclosure and illegal use of user information is also an important challenge.
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