Double layer system of digital currency
Publish: 2021-05-25 12:58:14
1. It is very clear in the speech of the central bank that the digital currency is M0. What is M0? M0 is cash. We speculate that the basic framework for the central bank to issue digital currency in the future should be a two-tier structure. The core is the database of the central bank, and the periphery is the blockchain of different instries, regions and third parties. Why? Only by using a decentralized system in the second layer can you ensure that the money is controlled by the users themselves and that the digital currency really becomes M0
we speculate that once the central bank issues digital currency in the future, the periphery of the structure must be a decentralized system. At present, blockchain is the best choice
when talking about digital currency, the central bank also mentioned another concept, which is called programmable currency. How to understand? For the computer, it has a certain internal self-control function. Take the early object-oriented language as an example, it requires at least two functions, one is the constructor, the other is the destructor. You have to solve the problem of its creation as well as its extinction
through programming, the central bank can control the whole life cycle of money creation, circulation and withdrawal
in the absence of digital currency and programmable currency, the currency issued by the central bank circulates freely in the society. How to return to the cage in the end? One is the return of derivative currency of commercial banks, the other is the return of basic currency of central bank. The former is controlled by the central bank through deposit reserve and other policies, while the latter is controlled by the tax system. If we go up to programmable digital currency in the future, the central bank will have much more control. Even in circulation, control can be increased. That's why central banks are very interested in blockchain technology.
we speculate that once the central bank issues digital currency in the future, the periphery of the structure must be a decentralized system. At present, blockchain is the best choice
when talking about digital currency, the central bank also mentioned another concept, which is called programmable currency. How to understand? For the computer, it has a certain internal self-control function. Take the early object-oriented language as an example, it requires at least two functions, one is the constructor, the other is the destructor. You have to solve the problem of its creation as well as its extinction
through programming, the central bank can control the whole life cycle of money creation, circulation and withdrawal
in the absence of digital currency and programmable currency, the currency issued by the central bank circulates freely in the society. How to return to the cage in the end? One is the return of derivative currency of commercial banks, the other is the return of basic currency of central bank. The former is controlled by the central bank through deposit reserve and other policies, while the latter is controlled by the tax system. If we go up to programmable digital currency in the future, the central bank will have much more control. Even in circulation, control can be increased. That's why central banks are very interested in blockchain technology.
2. So far, we can't buy the digital currency issued by the central bank, but it's coming soon
according to the news on August 10, Mu Changchun, deputy director general of the payment and Settlement Department of the people's Bank of China, said at the third China finance forum that the central bank's digital currency will soon be launched and will adopt a two-tier operation system, that is, the people's Bank of China will be the upper tier and commercial institutions will be the second tier< As for why the central bank's digital currency chooses the "two-tier operation system", Mu Changchun explained:
1. The central bank's digital currency is bound to face the retail scene and the public, while the performance of bitcoin and Libra can not meet the high concurrency. After a period of research, it is decided to adopt the two-tier system
2. It is a complex system engineering for big countries to issue central bank digital currency
3. The IT infrastructure application and service system of commercial banks and other institutions have been relatively mature, the user base is huge, and the service habit has been formed; There are plenty of talents and it experts; The system has strong processing ability, and has accumulated some experience in the application of financial technology
4. Through the design of two-tier operation, risk can be avoided to concentrate on a single indivial
5. Single layer investment will lead to "financial disintermediation". If the central bank directly releases digital money to the public, it will crowd out the deposits of commercial banks and affect the loan delivery ability of commercial banks; In extreme cases, it will also subvert the existing financial system, leading to the "grand unification" of the central bank
6; It will not affect the existing monetary policy transmission mechanism
7. The central bank will not preset the technology route, any advanced technology may be used in the research and development of the central bank's digital currency; The boundary between electronic payment and central bank digital currency is fuzzy; It can fully mobilize market forces and realize system optimization through competition
it can be seen that the central bank has recognized the legitimacy of bitcoin and Ethernet in disguised form. However, the central bank's digital currency is different from the traditional blockchain digital currency. It is 1:1 anchored RMB. I regard it as RMB digitization. The central bank's digital currency, paper money, coins and bonds exist at the same time, but in different ways. It is a kind of stable currency, and there is no room for speculation
at the beginning of this year, the most influential event of digital currency is Facebook's upcoming launch of digital currency Libra. If successful, it will bring 3 billion Facebook users into digital currency. However, Libra has not included the RMB in its basket of currencies. Coupled with the sweater war and exchange rate war with the United States, this may be the reason why the central bank urgently launched the central bank's digital currency. It is said that Wal Mart will also launch digital currency. With JPMorgan's issuing currency before, it can be predicted that traditional business giants will enter the era of blockchain digital currency one after another
the issuance of digital currency by the central bank may be a great benefit to the users of China's currency circle. Due to some policy reasons, the users' access to the digital currency world is not very smooth, which is the problem of difficult access to money. The most common stable currency, usdt, does not seem to be very stable and over issued seriously. In addition, the attorney general's office in New York investigates TEDA and other reasons, There may be a risk of thunderstorm at any time. According to statistics, about 80% of the users who use usdt are Chinese users, while the United States uses USD directly, and a few will use usdt. If the central bank introces digital currency, it will greatly facilitate digital currency users
finally, the other role of the central bank's digital currency is cross-border trade settlement. If it is combined with Alipay and WeChat payment, it will compete abroad and compete with Libra internationally.
according to the news on August 10, Mu Changchun, deputy director general of the payment and Settlement Department of the people's Bank of China, said at the third China finance forum that the central bank's digital currency will soon be launched and will adopt a two-tier operation system, that is, the people's Bank of China will be the upper tier and commercial institutions will be the second tier< As for why the central bank's digital currency chooses the "two-tier operation system", Mu Changchun explained:
1. The central bank's digital currency is bound to face the retail scene and the public, while the performance of bitcoin and Libra can not meet the high concurrency. After a period of research, it is decided to adopt the two-tier system
2. It is a complex system engineering for big countries to issue central bank digital currency
3. The IT infrastructure application and service system of commercial banks and other institutions have been relatively mature, the user base is huge, and the service habit has been formed; There are plenty of talents and it experts; The system has strong processing ability, and has accumulated some experience in the application of financial technology
4. Through the design of two-tier operation, risk can be avoided to concentrate on a single indivial
5. Single layer investment will lead to "financial disintermediation". If the central bank directly releases digital money to the public, it will crowd out the deposits of commercial banks and affect the loan delivery ability of commercial banks; In extreme cases, it will also subvert the existing financial system, leading to the "grand unification" of the central bank
6; It will not affect the existing monetary policy transmission mechanism
7. The central bank will not preset the technology route, any advanced technology may be used in the research and development of the central bank's digital currency; The boundary between electronic payment and central bank digital currency is fuzzy; It can fully mobilize market forces and realize system optimization through competition
it can be seen that the central bank has recognized the legitimacy of bitcoin and Ethernet in disguised form. However, the central bank's digital currency is different from the traditional blockchain digital currency. It is 1:1 anchored RMB. I regard it as RMB digitization. The central bank's digital currency, paper money, coins and bonds exist at the same time, but in different ways. It is a kind of stable currency, and there is no room for speculation
at the beginning of this year, the most influential event of digital currency is Facebook's upcoming launch of digital currency Libra. If successful, it will bring 3 billion Facebook users into digital currency. However, Libra has not included the RMB in its basket of currencies. Coupled with the sweater war and exchange rate war with the United States, this may be the reason why the central bank urgently launched the central bank's digital currency. It is said that Wal Mart will also launch digital currency. With JPMorgan's issuing currency before, it can be predicted that traditional business giants will enter the era of blockchain digital currency one after another
the issuance of digital currency by the central bank may be a great benefit to the users of China's currency circle. Due to some policy reasons, the users' access to the digital currency world is not very smooth, which is the problem of difficult access to money. The most common stable currency, usdt, does not seem to be very stable and over issued seriously. In addition, the attorney general's office in New York investigates TEDA and other reasons, There may be a risk of thunderstorm at any time. According to statistics, about 80% of the users who use usdt are Chinese users, while the United States uses USD directly, and a few will use usdt. If the central bank introces digital currency, it will greatly facilitate digital currency users
finally, the other role of the central bank's digital currency is cross-border trade settlement. If it is combined with Alipay and WeChat payment, it will compete abroad and compete with Libra internationally.
3.
Digital currency adopts a two-tier operation system, which will not affect the real economy< single tier operation system is to issue digital currency directly to the public. First, the digital currency is converted to banks or other operating institutions, and then these institutions are converted to the public, which belongs to a two-tier operating system& rdquo; On the whole, this al delivery system is suitable for China's national conditions. It can not only use the existing resources to mobilize the enthusiasm of commercial banks, but also smoothly improve the acceptance of digital currency
in the process of many people's livelihood funds distribution, it can be fixed to people through the way of digital currency smart contract, and the relevant funds can be directly distributed to the people's digital wallet, without going through layers of middle links, so as to put an end to the possibility of false report, false claim and embezzlement in advance
what is the operation system of digital RMB? Will it have an impact on the real economy? If you have any opinions, you can leave them in the comments section
4. In fact, the technical systems corresponding to various digital currencies are quite different
moreover, the development of digital currency is still immature.
moreover, the development of digital currency is still immature.
5. Should be to see the digital coins in the future market prospects, so at this stage to seize the market!
6. Watch maintenance
(1) when wearing a watch, the sweat on the hand is corrosive to the watch case. The all steel case has better corrosion resistance because it is made of nickel chromium alloy, and the half steel case is made of copper. It is easy to corrode e to long-term contact with sweat. It is necessary to wipe away the sweat with a soft cloth or pad a plastic watch holder to prevent it from being eroded by sweat
(2) do not open the back cover of the watch at will to avoid st entering the movement and affecting the normal operation of the watch
(3) do not put the watch in the wardrobe with camphor pills to avoid the deterioration of the watch oil
(4) don't put the watch on the power amplifier, stereo or TV to avoid magnetization
(5) the watch that is not worn for a long time should be wound once a month, while the watch with automatic movement should swing back and forth for a few minutes or be worn on the wrist for a period of time to make it wind up automatically. So that the parts will not be at rest for a long time to ensure the operation performance of the meter machine
(6) if an ordinary mechanical watch is wet, dry cotton can be pressed on the watch and baked with 40 Watt electric bulb for 5 minutes, then the moisture in the watch will be evaporated completely. If the quartz electronic watch is damp, a few small pieces of calcium chloride can be taken and wrapped with gauze; Then open the cover of the electronic meter, put the wrapped calcium chloride and the electronic meter into a plastic bag or glass bottle without air leakage, and seal them. Generally, the moisture can be removed in about 3 hours to make the electronic meter return to normal. For the surface seriously affected by moisture, the time of absorbing moisture can be extended appropriately
(7) when the watch is received and the outer package is removed, the box used to protect the watch must be kept. These watch protection boxes can provide the safest protection for the watch when it is not fit to wear, so it is absolutely necessary to keep the box. It is suggested that when the watch is not worn on weekdays, we should form the habit of putting it in the box, which can greatly rece the risk of watch damage
(8) it's better not to wear the same watch every day, but to prepare several different watches for alternate use. In addition to enriching personal modeling, it can also avoid st and body dirt all concentrated on the same watch. For leather watch strap, more care should be taken to avoid frequent wear and tear caused by daily use. Even if the surface is new, the watch will look very old
(9) don't sleep with your watch on your wrist. If your watch is a luminous watch, it will bring adverse effects on your body. This is because the luminous material on the pointer and dial of the luminous watch is mainly a mixture of radium and zinc sulfide. The ray emitted by radium can stimulate the crystal of zinc sulfide to emit light. When you sleep, if you wear a watch, your body will be exposed to radium radiation for eight to nine hours, which is harmful to your body. Therefore, before going to bed, it is best to take down the luminous meter and put it on the table
(10) surface modification. After many lines have been scratched on the watch cover, you can first drop one or two drops of water on the watch cover, and then squeeze a little toothpaste to wipe it. Then you can remove the lines and make the watch cover look like new.
(1) when wearing a watch, the sweat on the hand is corrosive to the watch case. The all steel case has better corrosion resistance because it is made of nickel chromium alloy, and the half steel case is made of copper. It is easy to corrode e to long-term contact with sweat. It is necessary to wipe away the sweat with a soft cloth or pad a plastic watch holder to prevent it from being eroded by sweat
(2) do not open the back cover of the watch at will to avoid st entering the movement and affecting the normal operation of the watch
(3) do not put the watch in the wardrobe with camphor pills to avoid the deterioration of the watch oil
(4) don't put the watch on the power amplifier, stereo or TV to avoid magnetization
(5) the watch that is not worn for a long time should be wound once a month, while the watch with automatic movement should swing back and forth for a few minutes or be worn on the wrist for a period of time to make it wind up automatically. So that the parts will not be at rest for a long time to ensure the operation performance of the meter machine
(6) if an ordinary mechanical watch is wet, dry cotton can be pressed on the watch and baked with 40 Watt electric bulb for 5 minutes, then the moisture in the watch will be evaporated completely. If the quartz electronic watch is damp, a few small pieces of calcium chloride can be taken and wrapped with gauze; Then open the cover of the electronic meter, put the wrapped calcium chloride and the electronic meter into a plastic bag or glass bottle without air leakage, and seal them. Generally, the moisture can be removed in about 3 hours to make the electronic meter return to normal. For the surface seriously affected by moisture, the time of absorbing moisture can be extended appropriately
(7) when the watch is received and the outer package is removed, the box used to protect the watch must be kept. These watch protection boxes can provide the safest protection for the watch when it is not fit to wear, so it is absolutely necessary to keep the box. It is suggested that when the watch is not worn on weekdays, we should form the habit of putting it in the box, which can greatly rece the risk of watch damage
(8) it's better not to wear the same watch every day, but to prepare several different watches for alternate use. In addition to enriching personal modeling, it can also avoid st and body dirt all concentrated on the same watch. For leather watch strap, more care should be taken to avoid frequent wear and tear caused by daily use. Even if the surface is new, the watch will look very old
(9) don't sleep with your watch on your wrist. If your watch is a luminous watch, it will bring adverse effects on your body. This is because the luminous material on the pointer and dial of the luminous watch is mainly a mixture of radium and zinc sulfide. The ray emitted by radium can stimulate the crystal of zinc sulfide to emit light. When you sleep, if you wear a watch, your body will be exposed to radium radiation for eight to nine hours, which is harmful to your body. Therefore, before going to bed, it is best to take down the luminous meter and put it on the table
(10) surface modification. After many lines have been scratched on the watch cover, you can first drop one or two drops of water on the watch cover, and then squeeze a little toothpaste to wipe it. Then you can remove the lines and make the watch cover look like new.
7.
Mobile payment means that mobile clients use electronic procts such as mobile phones to make e-money payment. Mobile payment creates a new payment method and makes e-money popular. Because of the advantages of convenient and fast payment, eliminating counterfeit money, no change and so on, it is loved by many people< The Ministry of Commerce issued the "overall plan for the pilot project of deepening the innovation and development of service trade in China", and officially announced that the number of digital currency has expanded from the original 4 pilot cities to 28 , which means that digital currency is coming towards us. The same virtual currency and bitcoin, so these virtual currency can replace the status of paper money
Therefore, it is essentially no different from the paper currency RMB, and will not be wildly hyped like bitcoin. In a short period of time, virtual currency can not completely replace traditional currency. There are mainly two constraints: the first is the user's will, not everyone is used to this payment method; the second is the satisfaction of technical conditions, because the speed of transaction payment is mainly limited by the technical realization, and the goal of digital currency is only to replace part of the cash in circulation. So for a long time, it should be used in parallel with banknotesHot content