Why can modern electronic numbers be used as currency

1.

1. digital currency

digital currency is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and password currency belong to digital currency

digital currency is different from the virtual currency in the virtual world, because it can be used for real goods and services transactions, not limited to online games. The early digital currency (digital gold currency) is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. Today's digital currency, such as bitcoin, lightcoin and ppcoin, is an electronic currency created, issued and circulated by check sum cryptography

features: the use of P2P peer-to-peer network technology to issue, manage and circulate currency theoretically avoids bureaucratic examination and approval, so that everyone has the right to issue currency

Electronic money means that a certain amount of cash or deposit is exchanged from the issuer and the data representing the same amount is obtained. By using some electronic methods, the data is directly transferred to the payment object, so that the debt can be paid off. Strictly speaking, consumers pay traditional money to the issuers of electronic money, and the issuers store the equal value of traditional money in the electronic devices held by consumers in electronic form. In short, when we deposit money into our bank account, there will be an extra number in the bank account, which means how much money we have saved. In this process, we give the banknotes in our hands to the bank, and the bank adds a number to our bank card, which is our electronic currency

features:

< UL >

e-money and paper money (or physical money) can be easily converted to each other

the data of electronic currency corresponds to the same amount of physical currency

we need to pay physical money to the issuers of e-money (banks and other financial institutions) in order to exchange for the same amount of e-money

< / UL >

3. The similarity between digital currency and electronic currency: both exist in the form of electronic data

The differences between digital currency and electronic currency are as follows:

electronic currency has an issuing institution, and the corresponding amount of physical currency in the institution can be exchanged with physical currency; However, digital currency has no specific issuing institution (decentralization) and can only exist in network data

at present, there is no international consensus on whether digital currency is a currency or not, so in China, the main form of digital currency is "investment proct", which is a rather risky investment proct, and only a few businesses are willing to accept digital currency consumption; Of course, some countries (Germany, etc.) have officially recognized the currency status of digital currency

2.

China's digital currency is as long as there is a mobile phone, no network, as long as the touch can be paid, and with detailed transaction records, it is very helpful to combat money laundering crime; This currency is mainly aimed at grabbing shares for Alipay, WeChat and POS terminals. It can also pave the way for RMB internationalization. Digital currency is not only safe and endorsed by the state, but the global central bank is pushing digital money. Now the digital currency is still in the testing stage. What time will it be popularized? It will have to wait until the Beijing Winter Olympic Games in February 2022 to fully promote the use

China's central bank's digital currency can be used for daily micro payments. Because it will be more stable with the endorsement of the state, the central bank's digital currency is different from bitcoin and Libra launched by Facebook. I give digital currency legal effect, and indivials can't refuse to accept it. At the same time, it is very convenient to use. It can be paid without binding any bank account. Digital currency will not cause inflation. Now it can be implemented and used in Shenzhen, xiong'an, Cheng, Suzhou and other cities. It also shows that the era of paperless is coming. Digital currency is a new concept with high technology content. In the future, RMB will enter the 3.0 era. Although the current digital currency is more powerful, it is still unable to put an end to money laundering and corruption

3. On January 20, 2016, the people's Bank of China announced on its website that it held a seminar on digital currency. At the meeting, the central bank asked its digital currency research team to "strive for the early launch of the digital currency issued by the central bank". Similarly, central banks such as the Bank of England and the Bank of Canada are planning or considering issuing their own digital currencies. After the advent of bitcoin triggered a wave of private issue and de nationalization of digital currency, the digital currency issued by the central bank seems to have become a global trend

digital currency is a new technology, which is different from the traditional electronic payment tools used by online banking and third-party payment companies. It is developed on the basis of a series of new technologies - they are not tools to transmit money; They are money in themselves. Among them, digital currency based on cryptography is also called cryptocurrency. Bitcoin is a model of this kind of digital currency. After its birth, it inspired many similar systems. Some commercial banks and central banks have also begun to develop their own digital currency. According to the different issuers, we can divide digital currency into three types:
1. Digital currency issued by non-financial institutions

in November 2008, a man named Nakamoto Tsung invented a new technology called blockchain and designed a point-to-point e-cash system, namely bitcoin, for the first time. On January 3, 2009, Nakamoto completed the code development of bitcoin. Due to its point-to-point and electronic nature, bitcoin can be passed directly between two people without the need for a centralized settlement institution. Therefore, it is a fast, low-cost, borderless payment system
2. Digital currency issued by commercial banks

some large international financial institutions have taken a fancy to the low-cost, fast and safe characteristics of digital currency, and began to try to use its underlying technology, namely blockchain technology, to develop their own digital currency. For example, four of the world's largest banks, UBS, Deutsche Bank, Santander bank and New York Mellon bank, are already involved. Their digital currencies are similar to those mentioned above, but their issuers are different. It is particularly noteworthy that financial institutions develop digital currency to meet the needs of their own rapid clearing transactions, rather than challenge the financial situation by replacing the legal currency issued by the central bank. The domestic Puyin group also launched Puyin
3. Digital currency issued by the central bank

some central banks, such as the people's Bank of China and the Bank of England, also plan to launch their own central bank digital currency after some research on digital currency. Technically, CBDC is the same as the above two, but e to its special identity, CBDC will have a greater economic impact, which is the reason why the central bank wants to introce CBDC.

4. Many people may think that the best universities of science and Engineering in developed instrial countries are certainly better than the best universities in China, but they may not be. I would like to offer a different opinion on the field of Electrical Engineering (strong electricity) that old Europe is good at (Western Europe has Siemens, Schneider, abb and other well-known enterprises in the power field). This paper compares eth (better than RWTH), the first famous school in Europe, with Tsinghua Xijiao, the "four electrical tigers" in China. It cites Zhuge, a master of Tsinghua University, a doctoral student of Eth and EPFL

the strong current field mainly includes power system, high voltage and insulation, motor and power electronics. Last year, I had an exchange with this senior of Tsinghua University. At least in the two fields of power system and high voltage, Tsinghua University is definitely better than eth; In some fields of power electronics, ETH is strong (but Prof. Kolar of PES is retiring soon, and the level of eth is also uncertain after retiring). Let's quote a passage from a senior

in the final analysis, electrical engineering needs to rely on abundant funds and strong national strength, which is obviously beyond eth's ability to provide, In recent years, it is not new to find that the research level of foreign famous universities is not as good as that of China. As far as I've known for half a year, ETH's research level in high voltage, power system, high power power electronics, semiconctor materials, etc. is not as good as that of domestic universities, except for the small and medium power electronics of Kolar group. Even the strongest direction of power electronics is uncertain after Professor Kolar retires in a few years. On the one hand, it is because of the scale. For example, there is only one professor and more than a dozen students in eth, and there are more than 30 professors in Tsinghua. On the other hand, domestic universities have more abundant funds, resources and projects provided by the State Grid, which are more closely related to practical application. For a new topology or control strategy, ETH generally completes the simulation or small-scale experiment, and then the article is finished, but it has a good chance to apply it to the real system in China. If I just think about publishing articles and taking the academic route, I may be a better choice to stay in Tsinghua. I came to Switzerland purely because I don't like the environment in North America and China, and there are more job opportunities in Switzerland

5. Bitcoin is a virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P. Unlike all currencies, bitcoin does not rely on a specific currency institution to issue. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of money circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total number of bitcoin is limited to 21 million, which is very scarce
users can buy bitcoin, and at the same time, they can use computers to "mine" bitcoin according to algorithms“ mining "bitcoin" requires the purchase of professional machinery and equipment to do so. It is not recommended for indivial businesses to do so. Generally, they still trade to obtain bitcoin
the trading process of bitcoin is similar to that of stocks. You can buy bitcoin on some apps, such as Panda Global

6. The word "digital currency" may be quite strange, but many people have heard of "bitcoin", which has been very popular in recent years. Oh, it's it. But it is, and it is not. And listen to this beginner

it is also closely related to Internet technology and has the attributes of payment and circulation. The central bank's "digital currency" is closely related to bitcoin. But bitcoin is a kind of digital currency, but digital currency is not just a form of bitcoin. Although the central bank's "digital currency" veil has not yet been lifted, there must be many differences with bitcoin

first of all, the issuers are different

most currencies have an issuer. For example, RMB is printed and issued by the central bank. But bitcoin does not have a centralized issuer. It is generated randomly based on an algorithm. Anyone can mine, buy, sell or receive bitcoin

secondly, the acquisition methods are different

bitcoin is the result of unremitting "mining" by some people who master the algorithm. These real it experts need to search for 64 bit numbers by computer, and then compete with other gold miners by repeatedly solving puzzles to provide the required numbers for the bitcoin network and obtain the corresponding bitcoin

but the digital currency issued by the state is bound to face the people of the whole country, rather than some network experts. When the country strives to achieve the goal of Inclusive Finance, how can it only tailor a currency for Internet experts? The national version of "digital currency" is bound to help the realization of Inclusive Finance, facing the most extensive groups

in addition, the pricing is different

in the face of bitcoin, which is becoming more and more difficult to "dig", many experts are more energetic like upgrading to fight monsters. With the increasing difficulty of "mining", the price of bitcoin has also soared and fluctuated greatly

a national currency has to try its best to maintain its own stability. Naturally, it is impossible to price according to the difficulty of acquisition, just like collectibles, because of scarcity

in addition, the application range is different

at present, all countries, including China, do not recognize the monetary attribute of bitcoin. Some organizations may have accepted donations from bitcoin, and some supermarkets have said that they can pay with bitcoin, but this is only within a very small range

as a digital currency issued by a country, it must be able to meet the largest range of payment needs, especially with the evolution of mobile Internet, cloud computing, blockchain and other technologies, and under the background of great changes in global payment methods, the central bank's digital currency needs to meet the global payment needs

if the central bank's "digital currency" is very different from bitcoin, how is it different from virtual currency

people who have used QQ should be familiar with QQ coins. They need to change their clothes for QQ avatars and change their backgrounds for QQ spaces. Many Tencent online games also need QQ coins to recharge. Like this, there are many virtual currencies based on the network, such as the online currency of the network company, the recharge voucher of the game company, etc

as far as the scope of application is concerned, most of these online currencies are used to recharge games, purchase equipment and props, and cannot be paid offline; As far as the exchange method is concerned, in principle, virtual currency can only be purchased with real currency, but it is not allowed to convert virtual currency into real currency; As far as issuance is concerned, it is launched by enterprises themselves, some of which are like "vouchers" rather than real currency

therefore, although the issuance of "digital currency" by the central bank inevitably requires payment transactions on the Internet, the principles and methods are different from those of virtual currency

especially at present, when many enterprises issue virtual currency, e to their own lack of risk prevention and control and security awareness, they leave an opportunity for some criminals to swipe bank cards, sell stolen goods and launder money. If the central bank's "digital currency" is issued, whether it will replace these online virtual currencies and make the online payment environment safer, healthier and more transparent is a question worthy of consideration.

7. With the rapid development of electronic finance and Internet, e-commerce as a new way of trade has graally become a major development trend of business applications. As the basis of e-commerce, e-money came into being. According to the definition of Basel Committee, e-money refers to the "stored value" and prepayment payment mechanism in the retail payment mechanism through the sales terminal, between different electronic devices and on the open network
the central bank has now made it clear that it will issue digital currency, and has completed two revisions. Of course, the digital currency to be issued by the central bank is different from the tokens launched by bitcoin, Leyte and European crowdfunding platforms. The digital currency issued by the central bank has the property of currency.

8. The measure of value is also one of the functions of money. Because digital currency is also currency, it has the general property of currency.