VQ digital currency
public key system: corresponds to a public key and a private key, keeps the private key in the application and publishes the public key. When Party A transmits information to Party B, it can use Party A's private key to encrypt the information, and Party B can use Party A's public key to decrypt the information, so as to ensure that the third party cannot impersonate Party A to send the information; At the same time, when Party A transmits information to Party B, it is encrypted with Party B's public key and sent to Party B, and then Party B decrypts it with his own private key, so as to ensure that the third party cannot eavesdrop on the communication between the two people. RSA is the most common public key system, but the lliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used in bitcoin protocol. What's the difference between cash and bank account? Bitcoin is an electronic currency in BTC. In this article, it is also used to refer to the whole bitcoin system. Like opening an account in a bank, the corresponding concept in bitcoin is address. Everyone can have one or more bitcoin addresses, which are used to pay and collect money. Each address is a string that starts with 1. For example, I have two bitcoin accounts, and. A bitcoin account is uniquely determined by a pair of public key and private key. To save the account, you only need to save the private key file. Unlike bank accounts, banks keep all transaction records and maintain the book balance of each account, while bitcoin's transaction records are jointly maintained by the whole P2P network through a pre agreed protocol. How much money is in my account address? Although the current account balance can be seen by bitcoin software, unlike banks, there is no place to maintain the book balance of each address. It can only calculate the account balance in real time through all historical transactions. How do I pay? When I pay from address a to address B of the other party, the payment amount is e. at this time, both parties will announce the transaction information to each network node, telling address a to pay to address B, and the payment amount is e. In order to prevent the third party from forging the transaction information, the transaction information will be encrypted with the private key of address A. at this time, the network node receiving the transaction information can use the public key of address a to verify that the transaction information is indeed sent by address a. Of course, trading software will help us do these things, we just need to input the relevant parameters in the software. What will the network node do after receiving the transaction information? This is the most important part of the bitcoin system, which needs to be elaborated. For the sake of simplicity, only bitcoin protocol has been implemented. In the current version, each network node will save all transaction information synchronously. There are two kinds of transaction information in history, one is & quot; Verified & quot; The transaction information, that is, the verified transaction information, is stored in a series of "blocks". Each & quot; block" Is the previous & quot; bock" The ID of each block is the hash code of the hash code of the block and the new transaction information (see an actual block). The other category refers to those who also & quot; Unverified & quot; The transaction information just paid above belongs to this category. When a network node receives new unverified transaction information (possibly more than one), it can calculate the book balance of each address at that time because the node keeps all the transaction information in history, so it can calculate whether the transaction information is valid, that is, whether there is enough balance in the payment account. After eliminating the invalid transaction information, it first takes out the last & quot; block" Then, the unverified transaction information is combined with the ID, and a verification code is added to form a new "block". It needs a lot of calculation to build a new block, because it needs to calculate the verification code, so that the above combination becomes a block, that is, the first several bits of the hash code of the block are 1. At present, the first 13 bits need to be 1 (generally, the specific method is uncertain), which means that if the block is generated by enumeration method, the average number of enumerations is 16 ^ 13. Using CPU resources to generate a block is called "gold mining", because the proction of the block will get a certain reward, and the reward information has been included in the block. When a network node generates a new block, it will broadcast to other network nodes. However, this network block may not be accepted by the network, because it is possible that other network nodes have proced the block earlier. Only the earliest block or the block with the largest number of subsequent blocks is valid, and the remaining blocks are no longer used as the initial blocks of the next block. How does the other party confirm that the payment is successful? When the payment information is distributed to the network node, the network node begins to calculate whether the transaction is valid (that is, whether the account balance is enough to pay), and attempts to generate blocks containing the transaction information. When six blocks (one direct block and five subsequent blocks) contain the transaction information, the transaction information is considered "verified", so that the transaction is formally confirmed, and the other party can confirm the successful payment. A possible problem is that I will pay the balance of address a to address B, and at the same time pay to address C. If I only verify that the single comparison transaction is valid. At this point, my way of cheating is to generate six blocks including B to B and six blocks including C to C before the truth is revealed. Because I need a very long CPU time to generate a block, compared with the whole network, the probability of my cheating success is very small. What is the motivation of network nodes to proce blocks? As can be seen from the above description, in order to make the transaction information effective, the network node needs to generate 1 and 5 subsequent blocks to contain the transaction information, and such block generation is very CPU intensive. How to let other network nodes help to proce blocks as soon as possible? The answer is very simple. The agreement stipulates that BTC will be rewarded for the address where the block is proced, as well as the Commission promised by both parties. At present, the reward for procing a block is 50btc, which will be halved every four years in the future. For example, the reward will be 25btc from 2013 to 2016. Is the transaction anonymous? Yes, and No. All bitcoin transactions are visible. We can check all transaction records of each account, such as mine. But what's different from the banking monetary system is that everyone's account itself is anonymous, and everyone can open many accounts. In general, anonymity is not as good as it claims. But bitcoin has another advantage in doing black market trading: it can't be frozen. Even if the police trace a bitcoin address, there is nothing they can do unless they trace the computer used by the exchange based on the Internet address. How to ensure that bitcoin does not depreciate? Generally speaking, in the case of equivalent trading activities, the value of money is inversely proportional to the amount of money issued. Unlike the traditional money market, the central bank can determine the amount of money issued. Bitcoin does not have a central issuing institution. Only by procing blocks can we get a certain amount of BTC currency. Therefore, bitcoin's new amount of money depends on: 1. The speed of procing blocks: bitcoin's agreement stipulates that the difficulty of procing blocks is fixed at an average of 2016 every two weeks, about 10 minutes. Moore's law of doubling CPU speed every 18 months will not speed up the proction of block. 2. The number of rewards for block proction: at present, 50 BTC is awarded for each block proced, which is halved every four years. In 2013, 25 BTC is awarded, and in 2017, 12.5 BTC is awarded. Considering the above two factors, bitcoin's currency issuing speed is not controlled by any single node in the network. Its protocol makes the currency stock known in advance, and the maximum stock is only 21 million BTC
from the bottom of my heart, after seeing so many MLM coins, I have to say that the packaging of radar coin is not bad, at least much better than Vicat coin. When we open its official website, we can find that MLM dealers still use quite a lot of thoughts in the design of the official website, from his design, this layout, At least, it's not comparable to other glamorous and cheap money with a design fee of 100 yuan for MLM. The template of radar coin website cost at least 1000 or 2000 yuan. What cost is different. It looks like it's grand and elegant
the swindler has made great efforts
then we can look back at his good brother Vicat, and we can find that the web design level of Vicat is still in the last century. There are no flat style, dynamic interaction, and nothing. This is a typical 100 yuan forum. It's really outrageous that we cheated so much money, I'm not willing to use 100 yuan to decorate the facade<
the strong mountain style design of Vicat coins
without comparison, there is no harm. Suddenly, people who are fooled by radar coins can understand. After all, people are valuable, but people who are fooled by Vicat coins are really hard to say. Of course, the facade belongs to the facade. No matter how beautiful the facade of radar coin is, it can't hide his inner dirtiness and ugliness
radar currency is not tight. It is a very hidden and powerful pyramid scheme. Its concept is rubbish. If it is a global payment, what kind of transaction currency does it engage in, and the transaction currency fees will also rise or fall. I will go. There has never been a payment platform whose transaction fees will rise or fall. It is a rubbish platform for selling currency, Every time they earn money, they store it in the backstage. Then they stretch it at one time. After a period of time, there are more people entering. Then they sell off a lot of "take over swordsmen" who have been fooled in, so that this garbage platform can earn enough money. What's more, it's money to play with everyone, what's the real garbage currency. It's all bullshit.
at present, one bitcoin is divided into eight decimal places, namely 0.00000001btc, based on the current data structure. The smallest unit of bitcoin g by miners is 0.00000001btc
generally speaking, bitcoin is like a gold mountain composed of 21 million gold coins. To get it, players need to use the computing power of the computer to calculate a group of numbers that conform to specific rules according to the existing algorithms.
Fuchs, a brand conquering the world, is famous for its innovation in lubrication technology and the development of special lubricants for the instrial instry. As a global group, we always remember the birthplace of FOSS: headquarters Mannheim
as early as 1931, Rudolf Fuchs established a company to import and sell high-quality refined procts. Twenty years later, he sold his procts to overseas customers for the first time. In the early history of Flowserve, international trade relations became one of the most important parts. In the 1960s, the company began to vigorously develop its business in the international market. The two main stages of development are the 1970s and 1980s, with specialization and global expansion respectively. Flowserve's proct line began to expand graally, and began to develop special lubricants according to the special needs of partners. Today's investment income, acquisition and new business in the world are all e to the successful strategic decision of FOSS. In the early 1990s, Flowserve graally focused all its business on its core business: lubricants. And in Western Europe, North America, Asia Pacific and other markets have achieved great success. Today, Fuchs petrolub AG was established in Mannheim, and then listed in Frankfurt, Stuart and Zurich respectively
in 1931 Rudolf Fuchs founded Flowserve in Mannheim. Import and sell high quality refined procts in Pennsylvania and conct regional engine oil business
in 1936, the company started its own proction and established its first external proction enterprise in Munich< The war broke out in 1939. Cut off oil imports from Pennsylvania
the company moved to Mannheim instrial port and opened a sales office in Austria< The war ended in 1945. Starting to get out of the sales slump< In 1946, the operation center was rebuilt in Mannheim, and the first chemical engineering expert was employed. FOSS shifted its focus to the supply of instrial oil, and for the first time exceeded the sales of vehicle oil
in 1948, Fuchs sponsored the rally in Germany< In 1949, Rudolf Fuchs and the German truck instry jointly developed HD oil procts for diesel engine oil
in 1952, the number of employees increased to 200. It is the first time to sell oil procts to the Middle East
Rudolf Fuchs, the founder of the company, died in 1959, and the company continued as a family business
in 1960, we set up offices in Europe, and established laboratories in Mannheim and Hanover. Manfred Fuchs joined the board
1966 accelerated the export of special instrial procts and established overseas offices in many European countries< In 1968, the company set up subsidiaries in France and Spain, which was the first step of global development
improve the specialization of proct line. In Mannheim, there are 33 R & D and quality control personnel. In 1972, Flowserve developed into a group company and defined the period from 1972 to 1991 as a period of rapid development. Every year, it invested in M & A
Fuchs beteiligungsgesellschaft AG was established in Mannheim in 1975. It is the first time to carry out the cooperation of Limited shares of investors, with private land provided by investors
in 1976, Fuchs International GmbH was newly established in Mannheim to unify local businesses
the 50th anniversary of the company in 1981. Fuchs petrolub AG was officially established in Switzerland. New business and profitability in Germany and other countries. The first company to start in Germany has become a global company
in 1984, Fuchs beteiligungsgelschaft kg of Mannheim was transferred to Fuchs petrolub Ag OEL + Chemie, and all German subsidiaries were under its unified management
in 1985, the preferred shares of Fuchs petrolub Ag OEL + Chemie were issued on the Frankfurt and Stuart stock exchanges. Planto series of biodegradable environmental protection procts have been rapidly developed to enter the market. We have developed synthetic procts based on natural raw materials in the late 1970s
the new organization management mechanism established in Mannheim in 1988 is the cornerstone of the group's development
in 1991, the profits in Britain and France proved that FOSS had begun to expand and formally started to unify the major markets, which continued until the mid-1990s. Shift focus to core lubricant business
in 1997, the holding companies in Germany and Switzerland were unified under the management of Fuchs petrolub AG of Mannheim. In 1999, with the establishment of Flowserve Europe, it merged all the subsidiaries in Western Europe except Germany, which accelerated the integration process of Western European companies. Stefan Fuchs was named deputy executive director
2000fuchs petrolub AG has become the largest independent lubricant company in the world. Annual sales of 900 million euros, with more than 4000 employees. In order to make the staff comfortable and relaxed at work, an extra office has been set up in Mannheim, the headquarters of the company< In 2001, Fuchs DEA lubricating materials Co., Ltd. and Fuchs DEA Schmierstoffe GmbH & amp; Co. kg. In view of the merger of shell and DEA in refining and marketing business, Flowserve terminated its joint venture with DEA
2002 since January 1, 2002, the partnership with DEA mineraloel AG has ended, and the company was subsequently renamed Fuchs Europe schmierstore, enabling the group company to fully incorporate this largest subsidiary into the management activities of Western Europe
in 2004, after leading Flowserve for 41 years, which made Flowserve the world's leading lubricant manufacturer, Dr. Manfred Fuchs retired from the position of chairman of the executive board and was replaced by his son Stefan Fuchs
in 2006, the company celebrated its 75th anniversary by paying dividends and dividends. More than 4000 employees from 60 subsidiaries all over the world contribute to Flowserve. The group's annual sales amount to 1.2 billion euro
lippert-unipol Group operates in the field of surface technology to enable the group companies to focus on the lubricant business
since May 10, 2007, share repurchase has been started
2008 was promoted to mdax index company on June 23, 2008. 50 German medium-sized companies related to market capitalization and stock market turnover were included in the mdax index
bus line: No.13 inner ring road → No.301, the whole journey is about 20.2km
1. Walk about 170m from Ji'an passenger transport center station to Central Hospital Station
2. Take No.13 inner Ring Road, pass 7 stops, and reach Qingyuan Telecommunication Bureau (railway station intersection) station
3. Take No.301, pass 18 stops, and reach Taohua station
4. Walk about 360m to labor bureau
bus line: inner ring of No.101, about 3.4km
1. Walk about 180m from Ji'an passenger transport center station to junfen station
2. Take inner ring of No.101, after 6 stops, to Chengnan station (or take outer line of No.61, No.103)
3. Walk about 180m to Chengnan bus station