The historical evolution of central bank digital currency

1.

The digital currency of the central bank is DCEP

the name of the digital currency developed by the central bank is DCEP (digital currency electronic payment). DC is digital currency. EP is electronic payment. Payment transmits digital things through a certain way, not paper currency. Therefore, electronic payment itself has the attribute of digital currency

The characteristics of digital currency are: low transaction cost; Fast trading speed; Highly anonymous

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Application of digital currency

I. fast, economic and safe payment and settlement

cross border payment helps RMB internationalization. In 2015, the settlement volume of cross-border payment involving current account is about 8 trillion yuan. To accelerate the internationalization of RMB, cross-border payment and settlement procts and solutions with low cost, high efficiency and low risk are needed

At present, there are still a lot of repetitive human work in the bank's electronic loan process and processing process, and as the basic support of loan issuance, many of the collateral has the situation of false pricing or multiple or even no collateral. We can consider using digital currency to price and track bank collateral:

3. Bill finance and supply chain finance

in recent years, various bill market businesses based on commercial bills have grown rapidly, and bill financing procts have become a hot area of Internet financing. However, about 70% of the current bill businesses in China are still paper transactions, Supply chain finance is also highly dependent on labor costs

reference materials

network digital currency

2. The digital development of money is an inevitable trend in the use of money, and it is also the internal demand of money in the performance of monetary functions.

3. Recently, the central bank has made new progress in issuing digital currency. It is understood that the blockchain based digital bill trading platform promoted by the central bank has been successfully tested, the legal digital currency issued by the central bank has been put into trial operation on the platform, and the digital currency Research Institute of the central bank will be officially listed after the Spring Festival.

4. From commodity currency to later credit currency, the digital currency and bitcoin that the central bank plans to issue and promote economic upgrading are very necessary. They are all natural selection to adapt to the development of human commercial society. New procts are the trend of the times. Digital currency is different. Digital currency is issued by new technology. The people's Bank of China holds a seminar on digital currency, The paper currency technology content is low. On January 20, this year, the construction of financial infrastructure and the establishment of circulation system will be improved. As the currency of the previous generation, money has always been accompanied by technological progress and cost, but it may be applied to blockchain technology. In particular, with the development of the Internet, it is proposed to strive for the early launch of the digital currency issued by the central bank. Central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan also said in an interview with the media that the central bank has actually started to study digital currency for a long time. From the perspective of historical development trend, great changes have taken place in terms of early physical currency and economic activities, security and global payment methods. However, there is no money. before

5.

On October 8, Shenzhen Municipal People's government and the people's Bank of China jointly launched a pilot project of digital RMB red envelope

after the news was sent out, it has aroused warm repercussions from all walks of life across the country. At this stage, people are most concerned about the impact of digital RMB on our daily life? Will it replace Alipay and WeChat? Due to the lack of introction and promotion of digital RMB by authoritative institutions, the citizens and businesses participating in the activities also have many questions about digital RMB. According to the official announcement, the red envelope activity of digital RMB is a routine test in the process of digital RMB research and development. It can be seen that there is still a certain distance from the official implementation of digital RMB

6. Watch maintenance
(1) when wearing a watch, the sweat on the hand is corrosive to the watch case. The all steel case has better corrosion resistance because it is made of nickel chromium alloy, and the half steel case is made of copper. It is easy to corrode e to long-term contact with sweat. It is necessary to wipe away the sweat with a soft cloth or pad a plastic watch holder to prevent it from being eroded by sweat
(2) do not open the back cover of the watch at will to avoid st entering the movement and affecting the normal operation of the watch
(3) do not put the watch in the wardrobe with camphor pills to avoid the deterioration of the watch oil
(4) don't put the watch on the power amplifier, stereo or TV to avoid magnetization
(5) the watch that is not worn for a long time should be wound once a month, while the watch with automatic movement should swing back and forth for a few minutes or be worn on the wrist for a period of time to make it wind up automatically. So that the parts will not be at rest for a long time to ensure the operation performance of the meter machine
(6) if an ordinary mechanical watch is wet, dry cotton can be pressed on the watch and baked with 40 Watt electric bulb for 5 minutes, then the moisture in the watch will be evaporated completely. If the quartz electronic watch is damp, a few small pieces of calcium chloride can be taken and wrapped with gauze; Then open the cover of the electronic meter, put the wrapped calcium chloride and the electronic meter into a plastic bag or glass bottle without air leakage, and seal them. Generally, the moisture can be removed in about 3 hours to make the electronic meter return to normal. For the surface seriously affected by moisture, the time of absorbing moisture can be extended appropriately
(7) when the watch is received and the outer package is removed, the box used to protect the watch must be kept. These watch protection boxes can provide the safest protection for the watch when it is not fit to wear, so it is absolutely necessary to keep the box. It is suggested that when the watch is not worn on weekdays, we should form the habit of putting it in the box, which can greatly rece the risk of watch damage
(8) it's better not to wear the same watch every day, but to prepare several different watches for alternate use. In addition to enriching personal modeling, it can also avoid st and body dirt all concentrated on the same watch. For leather watch strap, more care should be taken to avoid frequent wear and tear caused by daily use. Even if the surface is new, the watch will look very old
(9) don't sleep with your watch on your wrist. If your watch is a luminous watch, it will bring adverse effects on your body. This is because the luminous material on the pointer and dial of the luminous watch is mainly a mixture of radium and zinc sulfide. The ray emitted by radium can stimulate the crystal of zinc sulfide to emit light. When you sleep, if you wear a watch, your body will be exposed to radium radiation for eight to nine hours, which is harmful to your body. Therefore, before going to bed, it is best to take down the luminous meter and put it on the table
(10) surface modification. After many lines have been scratched on the watch cover, you can first drop one or two drops of water on the watch cover, and then squeeze a little toothpaste to wipe it. Then you can remove the lines and make the watch cover look like new.

7.

In the process of formation and development of ancient Chinese currency, it has experienced five extremely significant evolutions:

1, the evolution from natural currency to artificial currency

2

3. The evolution from local coinage to central coinage

4. From the weight of documents to Tongbao and Yuanbao

5. The evolution from metal currency to paper currency

From the spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period, China has established four monetary systems: cloth coin, knife goods, ant nose money and ring money. Later, it went through the Qin, Tang, Han, Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, until December 1, 1948, the people's Bank of China was established and issued the first set of RMB

knowledge development:

commemorative coin

ordinary commemorative coin is RMB with specific theme and limited issue. Since the people's Bank of China issued the first set of ordinary commemorative coins in 1984, it has issued 63 sets of 75 ordinary commemorative coins, with a total circulation of about 850 million. The denominations range from 1 jiao, 1 yuan, 5 yuan, 10 yuan, 50 yuan and 100 yuan, which condenses the glorious achievements and major historical events of the people's Republic of China over 50 years into the square inch of commemorative coins

8. From the history of currency evolution, the emergence of digital currency is derived from digital evolution. At the same time, it is just a general equivalent.