Is digital currency essentially a general equivalent

1. Credit endorsement by the state has the function of value anchoring and credit creation, which will have a substantial effect on the economy. Legal digital currency, like paper money, is essentially pure credit currency. However, digital currency can further rece operating costs, and can be applied in a wider range of areas with higher efficiency
"the emergence of digital currency follows the inevitable law of currency evolution, and is also the inevitable result of the development of science and technology. From the perspective of historical process, the carrier of currency has evolved from shellfish and precious metals to paper money, and then to the popular third-party payment electronic currency in modern society
in essence, they are pursuing the convenience and low cost of transaction, and this trend continues to develop, and the manifestation in the future society is digital currency. The first thing to solve is the technical barriers, although today's blockchain is regarded as the Internet of the 1990s, and its future is limitless. But it is not mature enough to support the huge payment system. At the same time, the issuance of legal digital currency will greatly increase the number of point-to-point transactions, bypass the original regulatory system to a certain extent, and easily facilitate illegal transactions. As digital currency makes it very convenient to convert deposits into cash, financial panic and financial risk will accelerate the spread once they occur, which increases the difficulty of supervision. In addition, in the process of using legal digital currency, a large number of user data and transaction information will be obtained. How to store and manage these data to prevent the disclosure and illegal use of user information is also an important challenge.

2.

With the development of social proctive forces and social division of labor, the exchange of things is constantly expanding, and more and more kinds of commodities participate in the exchange. A commodity can be exchanged with a variety of commodities

the obvious disadvantage of barter is that barter requires both sides to need each other's goods in order to succeed, otherwise the exchange cannot be carried out. In order to overcome the difficulty of barter, people have found a way in the long-term practice of countless exchanges

the general equivalent is a commodity separated from other commodities, which can exchange with all other commodities and show the value of all other commodities. Generally, what kind of commodity is used as the equivalent is the same in different regions, and there are different periods in a region. In history, livestock, cloth, shells, grain, salt, metal and so on all served as general equivalents

Finally, the general equivalent becomes the medium of commodity exchange and plays the role of currency. However, it is not money. Only when the function of general equivalent is stable on precious metals, can it develop into money.

extended data:

understanding of money:

in essence, money is the contract of exchange right between owners, and different forms of money are unified in essence. In the past, e to people's unclear understanding of the nature of money, people mistakenly divided money into different categories from different angles

For example, according to the commodity value of money, it can be divided into debt currency and non debt currency; According to whether the exchange ratio of precious metals is agreed, it can be divided into convertible currency and non convertible currency

In terms of form, money can be divided into physical money and formal money according to the commodity value of money. Physical money itself is a kind of special commodity, including the amount of value, such as sheep, precious metals, etc; The formal currency itself has no value, its value is contractual, only contractual value

the two forms are different, but they are unified in essence, that is, they are both agreed as the medium of exchange, and both have contractual value. The purchasing power of money depends on the contract value of money, but the purchasing power of physical money is also affected by its own commodity value. Generally, the commodity value of physical money is less than its contract value as money

In middle school textbooks, the essence of money is generally regarded as a general equivalent

The following is the debt theory about the essence of money, that is, they think that money is a kind of creditor's right of the holder to the issuer, which is obviously flawed and can not answer the basic questions such as why the issuer borrows rights and how to repay them

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4. The essence of money is the general equivalent
the equivalent is the commodity which is in the status of equivalent form in commodity exchange and used to express the value of other commodities. It has the nature of direct exchange with other commodities
with the further development of commodity exchange, a kind of socially recognized thing that can express the value of all other commodities is separated from the commodity world, which is the general equivalent
the general equivalent is the material to show the value of all goods, the measure to measure the value of all goods, and the special goods that can be directly exchanged with all goods. That is to say, in the past, if you could only exchange cattle for sheep or other livestock, now cattle can exchange rice for daughter-in-law-
later, it was graally fixed on gold and silver, and the general equivalent of gold and silver was money, which was the essence of money
that is to say, money is born to price and exchange goods, which is the essence

5. Equivalent is a kind of commodity which is in the position of equivalent form in commodity exchange and is used to express the value of other commodities. It has the nature of direct exchange with other commodities
with the further development of commodity exchange, a kind of socially recognized thing that can express the value of all other commodities is separated from the commodity world, which is the general equivalent
the general equivalent is the material to show the value of all goods, the measure to measure the value of all goods, and the special goods that can be directly exchanged with all goods. That is to say, in the past, if you could only exchange cattle for sheep or other livestock, now cattle can exchange rice for daughter-in-law-
later, it was graally fixed on gold and silver, and the general equivalent of gold and silver was money, which was the essence of money
that is to say, money is born to price and exchange goods, which is the essence

6. . 1.4 operation steps of MRP
the process of running MRP is as follows:

ü Set the plan outlook period
the plan outlook period is the cycle of the plan, which is set according to the actual situation< br />
ü Set the plan operation scheme
the calculation scheme includes the control parameters in the calculation process, which are set according to different business backgrounds< br />
ü Calculate the MRP
use the MRP wizard to calculate the MRP and generate the planned order. If you select the parameter "operation complete direct release planned order" in the planning scheme, the target Mo, repetitive proction plan and purchase requisition can be generated directly. The following two steps can be omitted< br />
ü Query the MRP results
after completing the MRP calculation, the planner confirms the process data generated by the plan and the accuracy of the plan through MRP query - MRP operation result query

or click View planned order by sales order to confirm the process data generated by the plan

or click View planned order by material to confirm the process data generated by the plan

or confirm the process data generated by the plan through planner workbench MRP< br />
ü MRP maintenance for MRP
for enterprises that do not directly release planned orders after calculation, after MRP calculation is completed and plan confirmation is carried out through MRP query - MRP calculation result query, view planned orders by sales order, view planned orders by material and planner workbench MRP, Planned orders can be adjusted through MRP maintenance to approve and release them< br />
ü Perform MRP log log query
after MRP calculation, the system will automatically record the MRP calculation log according to the set log parameters. If there is any doubt about the plan, enterprise planners can find or analyze the problem through the log file, and the implementation service personnel can also find the reason by analyzing the log.

7. Money is a special commodity that serves as the equivalent of all commodities. Money is the general representative of value and can buy any commodity. The general equivalent is the commodity separated from the commodity and serves as the unified value expression material of all other commodities. Its appearance is the inevitable result of the development of commodity proction and exchange. Historically, the general equivalent was undertaken by some special commodities. With the progress of society, gold and silver have become the most suitable currencies to perform the function of general equivalent. Money is a special commodity separated from commodities and fixed as a general equivalent.

8. no The value of commemorative currency is not the general equivalent value; It is rich in special value-added factors. First, its circulation is small and hard won; Second, it has a profound historical background.