Digital currency issued by individuals abroad
It's illegal
the central bank indicated that it has not issued legal digital currency, nor authorized any institutions and enterprises to issue legal digital currency, and there is no promotion team. At present, the so-called "digital currency" in the market is not legal digital currency
In addition, the so-called "digital currency" launched by some institutions and enterprises and the so-called promotion of the central bank's issuance of digital currency may involve pyramid selling and fraud 
extended information:
virtual currency is the electronization of illegal currency, and its original issuer is not the central bank. This kind of virtual currency is mainly limited to circulation in a specific virtual environment. Digital currency can be used for real goods and services transactions, but only the digital currency issued by the state is legal digital currency
in 2013, the central bank, together with five ministries and commissions, issued the notice on prevention of bitcoin risks, which clearly defined non legal digital currencies such as bitcoin as virtual commodities, which do not exist in the form of currency and legal currency
As of 2019, the digital currency seminar of the people's Bank of China was held in Beijing to further clarify the strategic objectives of the central bank's issuance of digital currency, do a good job in tackling key technologies, study the multi scenario application of digital currency, and strive to launch the digital currency issued by the central bank as soon as possible. At present, it is under study, and many problems need to be improved slowly
digital currency is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, the blockchain technology it relies on has been decentralized and can be used in other fields except digital currency, which is one of the reasons why bitcoin is popular; On the other hand, if digital currency is widely used by the public as a kind of currency, it will have a huge impact on the effectiveness of monetary policy, financial infrastructure, financial market and financial stability
If digital currency is accepted by the public, its use will increase greatly and replace legal currency to a certain extent, then negative events such as network attacks on user terminals related to digital currency will cause currency fluctuation, which will have an impact on financial order and real economyin addition, the virtual currency based on blockchain technology is usually held by a few people at the beginning. For example, the first purchase of bitcoin in May 2010 was $25 pizza purchased by 10000 BTC, and the price of each bitcoin rose to $1200 in more than three years by the end of 2013
the first country to recognize bitcoin as legal was Germany, which first defined bitcoin as an alternative currency. Of course, in the future, sovereign digital currencies may be popular, and digital cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, Ruitai coin, Laite coin and vitality coin will become a supplement.
electronic money refers to the exchange of a certain amount of cash or deposit from the issuer and the acquisition of data representing the same amount. By using some electronic methods, the data is directly transferred to the payment object, so that the debt can be paid off. Strictly speaking, consumers pay traditional money to the issuers of electronic money, and the issuers store the equal value of traditional money in the electronic devices held by consumers in electronic form. In short, when we deposit money into our bank account, there will be an extra number in the bank account, which means how much money we have saved. In this process, we give the banknotes in our hands to the bank, and the bank adds a number to us, which is our electronic currency<
digital currency:
is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digiccy. It can not be completely equivalent to the virtual currency in the virtual world, because it is often used for real goods and services transactions, not limited to online games and other virtual space. On January 20, 2016, the people's Bank of China held a seminar on digital currency, announcing that it is developing and striving for the early launch of digital RMB. At the meeting, many experts discussed the overall framework of digital currency issuance, national digital currency in currency evolution, cryptocurrency issued by the state, etc
"the issue of digital currency will make China's economy programmable to a certain extent, and make the economic and financial regulation have a clearer direction, and the whole network distributed accounting mode implemented by digital currency will effectively enhance the credit of China's economy." However, Yao Qian, deputy director of the science and Technology Department of the people's Bank of China and head of the preparatory group of the digital currency Research Institute, also told the media that there is no timetable for the issuance of legal digital currency at present.
The mentally retarded is what people usually call intellectual disability. There are four levels, one of which is the most serious
According to the World Health Organization (who) and American Association for mental retardation (AAMD) grading standards of mental disability, the grade of mental disability was classified according to their intelligence quotient (IQ) and social adaptive behaviorthe list is as follows:
intelligence level grading IQ range * adaptive behavior level
severe grade 1 & lt; 20 extreme defect
grade 2 20-34 severe defect
moderate grade 3 35-49 moderate defect
mild grade 4 50-69 mild defect
note:
1, * Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children
2, intelligence quotient (IQ) refers to the ratio of intelligence age and actual age measured by a certain intelligence scale, The main basis of diagnosis is social adaptive behavior
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extended data
conditions and materials required for handling disability certificate:
I. administrative approval conditions
(I) all kinds of disabled people who meet the practical evaluation standards for disabled people in China
(two) is within the jurisdiction of this Municipality; p> (3) mental and intellectual disabilities need to be identified in Cheng West China hospital or Cheng Fourth People's Hospital, while physical, visual, hearing and speech disabilities need to be identified in Pengzhou designated hospital
two, application materials
(1) the applicant's identity card or account book is 1 originals (the ID number must be 18); p> (2) four two inch bareheaded photos of the applicant
(1) the applicant shall go to the disabled persons' Federation of the township government to fill in the application form of the people's Republic of China for the disabled person's certificate, which shall be sealed by the township government (2) the applicant should go to the designated hospital to find the designated doctor for disability identification with the original ID card or household register and the application form of the people's Republic of China for disabled person card (3) submit the original application form of the people's Republic of China for the disabled person's certificate to the town disabled persons' Federation, and the full-time officers of the town disabled persons' Federation shall check the application materials, fill in the disability certificate and report to the City Disabled Persons' Federation(4) after the municipal disabled persons' Federation reviewed, it was reported to Cheng disabled persons' Federation for review and approval
(5) the town disabled persons' Federation informed the applicant to collect evidencewhat we are doing now with Hong Kong is just routine technical testing. When the time is ripe, digital currency can be applied in the scenario of cross-border payment now digital goods are developing faster and faster, and each country is developing its own digital currency. In the case of existing technology, digital currency at the national level certainly has no technical obstacles
in order to promote the application of digital currency, countries are also trying to carry out various tests. On the technical level, digital currency has no barriers, but cross-border projects are not just technical. Digital currency has a long way to go{ RRRRR}
Third, digital currency is far away from internationalizationdigital currency is now in the pilot stage of a few cities in China. But the promotion of domestic application scenarios also takes time. Although there are no technical barriers for digital currency, after all, digital currency involves a wide range of aspects, and the promotion of digital currency can not be completed overnight
now when digital currency is promoted in China, it is easy to carry out cross-border projects after accumulating enough experience and waiting for the right time
for & lt; Digital currency & quot; If you have any different opinions on the progress of cross-border projects, please leave a message in the comments area
all kinds of private digital currencies represented by bitcoin have sprung up, developed rapidly and exerted great influence. Many economists and financiers in the world, including central bankers, have been greatly impacted, and some even mistakenly believe that private digital currency may replace sovereign currency. As early as the end of 2013, the author clearly pointed out that virtual currency (including private digital currency) is not a currency in essence and cannot replace sovereign currency [3]. With the passage of time, the non monetary nature of virtual currency is graally recognized by people
private digital currency uses a series of new technologies, which have strong penetration into the financial system and even impact on the operation of modern economy and finance. Therefore, in order to maintain the stability of the monetary system and even the whole financial system, the monetary authorities must also use the same or even more advanced technology and design to study the issue of central bank digital currency. If the private digital currency is allowed to develop disorderly, it will have a serious impact on the monetary authorities' policy regulation and the economic and financial system
first, if private digital money is diverted and replaced by some sovereign money, the effectiveness of monetary policy will be weakened and the transmission mechanism will be distorted. Private currency and sovereign currency are in the relationship of one ebb and flow. With the continuous expansion of the scope of use of private digital currency, the use of sovereign currency will graally decline, which will rece the monetary authority's control over sovereign currency. At the same time, the influence of monetary policy regulation on the supply and circulation of sovereign money will decline and become unstable, which will weaken the effectiveness of monetary policy and distort the transmission mechanism. If the private digital currency is widely used but not issued and regulated by the monetary authority, the modern economy will lose an important means of regulation, and the economy will not function normally because it is not regulated by monetary policy< Second, the value of private digital currency fluctuates greatly, which threatens financial stability. Private digital currency is not a real currency without national credit endorsement. Its price is easily affected by market expectations, and its volatility is very high, so it is difficult to guarantee the market liquidity. With the expansion of the scope and scale of private digital currency, the probability of indivial private digital currency risk evolving into systemic risk will also rise< Thirdly, the supply of private digital money is relatively fixed, which is difficult to meet the needs of modern economic development. Taking bitcoin as an example, there is a contradiction between the upper limit of supply set by the system and the expanding social proction and commodity circulation. If it is widely used, it will cause deflation and inhibit economic development. This is also the root cause of the collapse of the gold standard
Fourth, private digital currency lacks a central regulation mechanism, which is difficult to meet the needs of the stability of the modern monetary system. The so-called "decentralization" without centralized issuing and regulating institutions is a common feature of private digital currency. If the private digital currency is generally accepted by the whole society, and the monetary authority is unable to stabilize the currency value through the central adjustment mechanism, it will not only cause economic fluctuations, but also shake the monetary system based on national credit[ 4]
fifthly, private digital currency brings challenges to anti money laundering, anti terrorist financing and capital control. Private digital currency is characterized by anonymity of transaction and free transnational flow of funds, which makes it easy for criminals to cover up the source and investment direction of their funds, and indivials to evade the regulations on the amount of foreign exchange and foreign exchange remittance [5], which brings convenience to money laundering, terrorist financing and capital control evasion< Sixth, private digital currency increases the difficulty of consumer protection. The price of private digital currency fluctuates greatly, market participants are almost not regulated, the security of users' funds is not guaranteed, and the transaction is not transparent. Therefore, private digital currency transactions are prone to fraud, theft and fraud. This not only causes the lack of protection of consumers' rights and interests, but also increases the difficulty of evidence collection and investigation by the regulatory authorities[ 6]
therefore, in order to deal with the impact of the rapid development of private digital currency on monetary sovereignty, monetary policy, financial risk and consumer protection, the monetary authorities clearly realize that the state should start to study the issue of central bank digital currency as soon as possible. In the future, with the support of national credit, the digital currency of the central bank should continuously meet the requirements of the society for the use of money technology and become a widely recognized settlement and payment method. Only in this way can the monetary authorities expand the use of sovereign currency and rece the impact of private digital currency on the monetary system and the entire financial system Transferred from NetEase Finance)