Forest digital currency
In early 2014, the Central Bank of China set up a special research group on legal digital currency to demonstrate the feasibility of issuing legal digital currency by the central bank. On January 29, 2017, the central bank officially established the digital currency Research Institute. After the successful development of the prototype of legal digital currency, the digital currency Research Institute of the people's Bank of China has tried to deploy institutions in many parts of the country, and through the integration with R & D institutions and instries, it has achieved the research results of financial development technology. In 2018, the digital currency Research Institute of the people's Bank of China successively settled in Nanjing and Shenzhen. In 2019, the people's Bank of China announced that digital currency will be piloted in Shenzhen, Suzhou, Cheng and xiong'an
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the research on Shenzhen's support for digital currency began in 2016
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on October 6, 2017, the Management Committee of xiong'an new area held a special meeting to study the big data management system and mechanism and the basic idea of "digital xiong'an" construction, and fully promote the construction of "digital xiong'an". Soon after the meeting, all kinds of enterprises were inspired to build xiong'an new area into a "test ground" for innovation
on October 14, 2017, Peng Yijie, vice president of ant financial services and partner of Alibaba group, and his party went to xiong'an new area to report the blockchain construction plan. Peng Yijie's evaluation of xiong'an new area is: the best soil for building blockchain. On November 8 of the same year, xiong'an New District held a docking meeting with Alibaba group. Alibaba and ant financial services will undertake the construction of digital xiong'an blockchain infrastructure platform, and are expected to take the lead in testing the water in the rental scene
on November 23, 2017, Tencent and xiong'an new area signed a strategic cooperation agreement on financial technology, and both sides established Tencent (xiong'an) financial technology laboratory to test big data risk control system, Tencent cloud based blockchain services and other financial black technologies in the new area
on April 21, 2018, xiong'an New District of Hebei Province issued the outline of the planning for xiong'an New District of Hebei Province, which proposed to develop high-end high-tech instries, and lay out the R & D and test of blockchain, terahertz, cognitive computing and other technologies in advance. Blockchain has been written into the outline of xiong'an New District Planning in Hebei Province. A technology with advanced influence and far-reaching significance begins to grow together with a rising Digital City shouldering historical mission
on June 8, 2018, China Academy of information and communication signed a strategic cooperation agreement with xiong'an new area. The two sides will build a scientific research base in the field of information and communication in xiong'an new area, and provide comprehensive support services such as development strategic planning, standards and policy formulation for the construction of the new area, focusing on 5g, instrial Internet, artificial intelligence, blockchain, network security, military civilian integration, information technology and so on In the field of Internet of vehicles and other fields, Beijing Tianjin Hebei high tech innovation comprehensive service platform and innovation and entrepreneurship demonstration base will be built to promote instrial innovation and development
on June 28, 2018, xiong'an New Area officially signed a strategic cooperation with 360 group. 360 group will give full play to its advantages in network security, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other technical fields to provide comprehensive network security services for the construction of a safe and reliable "digital xiong'an"
on July 23, 2018, xiong'an group of China signed a memoranm of understanding with consensys, a blockchain technology company. Joseph Rubin, the founder of consensys, etc., made suggestions to xiong'an group of China on how to use blockchain technology, hoping to apply his knowledge and experience in blockchain ecosystem to xiong'an's projects and support xiong'an's innovative development mode
on December 21, 2018, Hebei xiong'an branch of Bank of communications was opened. The branch will rely on the head office's professional R & D team and strong R & D strength, rely on financial business processing, artificial intelligence, blockchain, big data, cloud computing and other financial technology platforms, constantly innovate the financial business model, and make greater contributions to the construction of green xiongan, smart xiongan and digital xiongan
on May 8, 2019, ICBC Technology Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of ICBC, opened its business in xiong'an new area and became the headquarters of banking financial technology company in xiong'an new area. ICBC technology and Management Committee of xiong'an new area signed the memoranm of financial technology cooperation, and Management Committee of xiong'an New Area officially started the operation of xiong'an resettlement fund management blockchain platform, which will apply the block chain technology of ICBC to realize the whole process chain management of original files of resettlement and fund penetrating allocation
on December 25, 2019, Everbright Bank and digital city company of China xiong'an group will jointly build a "digital financial technology laboratory" in xiong'an new area. Guided by the strategic needs and information construction of xiong'an new area, it will graally build a highland of blockchain commercial application research, technological innovation and talent cultivation
on March 31, 2020, xiong'an blockchain laboratory was officially unveiled. Xiong'an blockchain laboratory has three major goals: to become a new highland of blockchain research and application, an open frontier innovation base, and to explore a new model of laboratory economy. At the third anniversary of the establishment of xiong'an new area, xiong'an blockchain laboratory has special significance, which marks that the innovative practice of xiong'an New Area's blockchain has entered the stage of organization and large-scale landing, and marks a new chapter in the synchronous planning and construction of digital city and physical city in xiong'an new area
xiong'an new district is a digital city forest that has been cultivated from the seed, which is naturally suitable for the central bank's digital currency pilot. Shanghai xiongan, Shenzhen, Cheng on the left and Suzhou on the right are looking forward to the central bank's digital currency pilot projects in these four places, which will spread to the world
Digital currency is abbreviated as digiccy, which is the abbreviation of "digital currency" in English. It is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digiccy
digital currency is different from the virtual currency in the virtual world, because it can be used for real goods and services transactions, not limited to online games. The early digital currency (digital gold currency) is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. Today's digital currency, such as bitcoin, lightcoin and ppcoin, is an electronic currency created, issued and circulated by check sum cryptography. It is characterized by the use of P2P peer-to-peer network technology to issue, manage and circulate currency. In theory, it avoids bureaucratic examination and approval, so that everyone has the right to issue currency
Compared with paper money, digital money has obvious advantages, which can not only save the cost of issuance and circulation, but also improve the efficiency of transaction or investment, and enhance the convenience and transparency of economic transaction activities. The issue of digital currency by the central bank also ensures the continuity of financial policy and the integrity of monetary policy, and also ensures the security of monetary transactionsalthough the issuing method of digital currency is still under study, paper currency has been regarded as "the currency of the previous generation" by some professionals, and it is the general trend to be replaced by new technology and new procts. Due to China's large population and volume, the timetable for issuing digital currency is still uncertain. It is predicted that digital currency and cash will be in parallel and graally replaced for quite a long time. When the era of digital currency really comes, people will carry less and less cash, travel more and more safe, poverty alleviation more and more accurate, corruption more and more difficult to escape, and thieves more and more difficult
extended information:
in November 2016, the central bank prepared digital currency, and the cash is likely not to exist in ten years
in November 2016, China digital currency Research Institute was established to cultivate high-level talents of digital currency, carry out digital currency research, consultation, development planning and related activities. It is a non-profit unit with legal license approved by relevant ministries and commissions, and is committed to promoting the integrated development of scientific research and Practice of digital currency instry
so far, Hangzhou, Shenzhen and Guizhou have become the three hot areas for the central bank's digital currency pilot. It is reported that Hangzhou is actively promoting the planning and construction of Qiantang River financial harbor, including the blockchain instry. Hangzhou will build the first blockchain Instrial Park in China, which is located in the Internet Finance town of Xihu District, surrounded by ant financial services, e-commerce bank, Zhejiang University and its science and Technology Park and other well-known enterprises and parks
the Republic of Estonia is one of the three Baltic states in Eastern Europe. It faces the Baltic Sea in the west, the Gulf of Finland in the north, and Latvian and Russian borders on the South and East respectively. In 1991, after the declaration of independence of Lithuania, Estonia became independent, with Tallinn as its capital
the name of Estonia (Eesti) may come from the people called aestii described in the Germanic chronicles by Tacitus, an ancient Roman historian. Although Estonia is generally poor in resources, there are still a small number of resources with rich varieties on its land
the country also has a large amount of oil shale and limestone, as well as forests covering 47% of the territory. Because of its fast-growing economy and advanced information technology, Estonia is often referred to as & quot; The Baltic tiger;, The world bank lists Estonia as a high-income country
first of all, the intellectualization with blockchain technology as the core. Estonia should be the first country in the world to use blockchain technology, and ensure that the public data of the country can be stored on the distributed data network through xroad system. On the basis of blockchain technology, a relatively complete intelligent system has been built
information required for applying for Estonian blockchain license
Company's internal control rules, company's internal procere rules, company's website address, name and contact information of the person in charge of providing services, about the person designated to prevent money laundering and terrorist financing, about the person appointed by the operator responsible for implementing international financial sanctions in accordance with Estonian legislation Certificate of criminal record of the beneficial owner
for shareholders and directors, a of a valid passport notarized in English and a of proof of residence address (e.g. no more than professional reference letter, bank statement certified in English and a notarized of University Diploma in English) should be submitted
for application, it is mainly based on their own needs and budget, I hope I can help you
On October 8, Shenzhen Municipal People's government and the people's Bank of China jointly launched a pilot project of digital RMB red envelope
after the news was sent out, it has aroused warm repercussions from all walks of life across the country. At this stage, people are most concerned about the impact of digital RMB on our daily life? Will it replace Alipay and WeChat? Due to the lack of introction and promotion of digital RMB by authoritative institutions, the citizens and businesses participating in the activities also have many questions about digital RMB. According to the official announcement, the red envelope activity of digital RMB is a routine test in the process of digital RMB research and development. It can be seen that there is still a certain distance from the official implementation of digital RMB
why doesn't China raise interest rates? There are several problems: 1. The real estate market is in the process of deleveraging, and there is a great risk of tightening credit at this time; 2. The risk of equity pledge of private enterprises is very high, otherwise they will not use state-owned assets to help; The people's Bank of China has a big headache. It's hard to control the domestic financial risk of interest rate increase, and the RMB continues to depreciate without interest rate increase
the Central Bank of China has intervened once last time, which is called RMB "counter cyclical factor", but it's just a small scene
the intervention of the central bank mainly has a short-term effect, and its purpose is to intervene in "excessive speculation and malicious short selling"! What really affects the trend of exchange rate is: interest rate level, economic quality, monetary policy, fiscal policy, market long-term expectation
there are still examples of international speculators defeating the central bank in history, and they are the same person—— Soros< (1) in 1992, Soros successfully attacked the pound. In 1990, Britain decided to join the European exchange rate system (ERM), a new monetary system created by Western European countries. Soros believes that Britain has made a decisive mistake< In September 1992, speculators began to attack the weak currencies in the European exchange rate system, including the British pound and the Italian lira. The central banks of these countries have to spend a lot of money to support their currency exchange rates
the British government plans to borrow money from the international banking organization to prevent the continued depreciation of the pound, but this is like a drop in the bucket. Soros alone spent $10 billion in this battle with the British government. Soros took a short position of US $7 billion in the gamble and held a long position of US $6 billion mark. At the same time, considering that the devaluation of a country's currency usually leads to the rise of its stock market, Soros bought us $500 million worth of British shares and took a short position of German shares. If Soros is the only one to compete with Britain, the British government may still have a glimmer of hope, but the participation of many speculators in the world makes the strength of both sides in this competition greatly different, and it is doomed to the failure of the British government
Soros was the biggest winner in the attack on the pound, once described by the magazine as the man who defeated the Bank of England. Soros has made nearly US $1 billion from short trading in sterling. The long interest rate futures in Britain, France and Germany and short trading in Italian lira have made his total profit as high as US $2 billion, of which Soros's personal income is one third. During the year, Soros's fund grew by 67.5%
(2) snipe the Thai baht and set up the White Wolf empty handed! Attack Hong Kong dollar without success< On July 2, 1997, the Thai government exhausted all its foreign exchange reserves and had to abandon the fixed exchange rate system and implement the floating exchange rate system. The Thai baht plummeted by 17% overnight. Soros successfully used a small amount of US dollars to repay his loan in the Bank of Thailand, making a net profit of billions of US dollars and leaving the market
in the same year, it hit Hong Kong's financial market, making the exchange rate of Hong Kong dollar decline all the way and the financial market in chaos. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority immediately entered the market, and the central government fully supported it. Under a series of counterattack actions, Soros's "battle" in Hong Kong failed and suffered heavy losses< (3) short yen and rise Japanese stocks -- Abe trading
from September 2012 to may 2013, Soros Fund Management Company, the world's largest foreign exchange investor, made us $1 billion through "Abe trading". Short yen became the first beneficiary, so a new term "Abe trading" came into being in the instry
from this campaign, Soros made $1 billion in yen and $500 million in Japanese stocks, reaching a total of $1.5 billion, equivalent to nearly RMB 10 billion. In only half a year, he has gained huge wealth
some of Soros's most famous viewpoints, such as "the law of the forest", "weakness breaking" and "herding", explain his logic of shorting. On the surface, the most confusing and seemingly indestructible point of his prey must be his weakness, which must be broken by surprise
will RMB repeat the mistakes of pound sterling, Japanese yen and Thai baht? The answer is no
1. RMB is not a free exchange rate. There are both onshore and offshore quotations! There are also restrictions on the exchange of foreign exchange, making it more difficult to short
2. The trading scale of RMB is smaller than that of British pound and Japanese yen, which is helpful for the central bank to intervene in the exchange rate (small pond, less big fish!)
3. China has sufficient foreign exchange reserves to deal with international speculators
4. China has defeated international speculator Soros and accumulated sufficient experience
at present, the exchange rate of RMB is still within the expectation of the central bank, so there is no need to intervene in the market! After the domestic financial risks are resolved, the RMB exchange rate can return to the normal level again by raising interest rates.