Major ecosystem projects and digital currency

3. From April 18 to 21, the Boao Forum for Asia 2021 annual meeting was held at the Boao Forum for Asia International Conference Center in Hainan. During the meeting, Li Bo, vice president of the people's Bank of China, held a speech at the Boao Forum for Asia & lt; Digital payment and digital currency; When making a video speech at the sub forum, he talked about the supervision of bitcoin and stable currency, and made a clear definition of bitcoin; Bitcoin is an encrypted asset and an investment option. It is not a currency, but an alternative investment& rdquo; He believes that encryption assets may play a major role in the future as an investment tool or alternative investment. As an investment tool, many countries, including China, are studying its regulatory environment

The cross-border payment of digital currency is not an easy task. The cross-border payment of digital currency is not only a technical problem. Each country has its own macro-control needs. It is necessary to ensure the independence of monetary policy and do a good job in anti money laundering and anti-terrorism financing. In addition, the exchange rate system of each country is not the same. We should also respect the monetary sovereignty of central banks, not pursue a particular currency; To rule the world;. It is necessary to build a healthy ecosystem and form a special payment corridor in order to control the possible impact of the pilot project within a controllable range, or slow down its possible impact. As far as the specific implementation methods are concerned, there are three ways in the meeting. One is to make different central bank digital currencies compatible with each other, that is to say, different systems can be connected; One is to establish some interconnection lines to create a more closed-loop system. Different central bank digital currencies can establish seamless connection through different interfaces and interfaces; There is also a most radical approach, that is, to create an integrated system to accommodate different central banks' digital currencies and put them into the same operational framework

However, in the future, digital currency and cash will be in parallel and graally replaced for a long time. When the era of digital currency really comes, people will carry less and less cash, travel more and more safe, poverty alleviation more and more accurate, corruption more and more difficult to escape, and thieves more and more difficult

4. There are seven layouts in the master plan of major national ecological system protection and restoration projects (2021-2035)
the master plan of major national ecological system protection and restoration projects (2021-2035) clearly implements the strategy of main functional areas, based on the strategic pattern of national ecological security, focusing on the national key ecological functional areas, ecological protection red line, national nature reserves, etc. determined by the land space planning, and highlights the coordinated development of Beijing Tianjin Hebei, the development of the Yangtze River economic belt, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone Based on the overall consideration of the integrity of the ecosystem, the continuity of geographical units and the sustainability of economic and social development, and the connection with the relevant ecological protection and restoration planning, the ecological support of the major national strategies, such as the construction of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Bay area, the comprehensive deepening of reform and opening up in Hainan, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, etc, The national major ecological system protection and restoration projects are planned and distributed in seven key areas< This area is located in the southwest of China, involving Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, Xinjiang and other six provinces (regions), including Sanjiangyuan grassland meadow wetland, Zoige grassland wetland, Gannan Yellow River important water supply, Qilian Mountain Glacier and water conservation, Aerjin grassland desertification control, Qiangtang plateau desert in Northwest Tibet There are 7 national key ecological function areas, such as the marginal forest in Southeast Tibet Plateau
main attack direction. In order to promote the natural restoration of alpine ecosystem, based on seven national key ecological functional areas, such as Sanjiangyuan grassland meadow wetland ecological functional area, we will comprehensively protect grassland, rivers, lakes, wetlands, glaciers, deserts and other ecosystems, accelerate the establishment and improvement of the nature reserve system with national parks as the main body, and further highlight the protection of native zonal vegetation, wetland, glacier and desert The protection of endemic and rare species and their habitats should be strengthened, the protection of desertified land should be strengthened, and the artificial auxiliary measures such as natural forest and grass restoration, degraded land management, mine ecological restoration and artificial grassland construction should be carried out scientifically, so as to promote the regional wildlife population restoration and biodiversity protection, and enhance the structural integrity and functional stability of Plateau ecosystem< Second, the key ecological area of the Yellow River (including the ecological barrier of the Loess Plateau)
this area involves eight provinces (regions) including Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong, including one national key ecological function area, namely the hilly and gully ecological function area of the Loess Plateau (the Ruoergai grassland wetland in Sichuan, the important water supply of the Yellow River in Gannan, Gansu) The ecological function area of grassland meadow wetland in the source of three rivers in Qinghai Province is included in the ecological barrier area of Qinghai Tibet Plateau
main attack direction. In accordance with the principle of "joint efforts in large-scale protection and coordinated promotion of large-scale governance", we should focus on enhancing the stability of the ecosystem in the Yellow River Basin, enhance the water conservation capacity in the upper reaches, do a good job in soil and water conservation in the middle reaches, and protect the wetland ecosystem and biodiversity in the lower reaches. Based on the hilly and gully soil and water conservation ecological functional areas of the Loess Plateau, we should comprehensively control soil erosion in small watersheds, We should focus on Soil and water conservation and land improvement in Sandy and coarse sand areas, adhere to the principle that water should be determined according to the amount of water. We should protect and construct forest and grass vegetation scientifically, improve vegetation coverage, speed up the management of degraded, desertified and salinized grasslands, protect and restore wetlands such as the Yellow River Delta, and implement comprehensive control of groundwater overdraft, Strengthen the comprehensive management and ecological restoration of the mining area, effectively control the soil and water loss in the area, improve the construction of the natural reserve system and protect the biodiversity in the area< This area covers 11 provinces (cities) including Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, including Sichuan Yunnan forest and biodiversity, karst rocky desertification control in Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan, biodiversity in Qinba mountain area, soil and water conservation in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, ecological environment protection in the Three Gorges Reservoir area There are six national key ecological function areas in Wuling mountain area, such as biodiversity and soil and water conservation, soil conservation of Dabieshan Mountains, and some important wetlands, such as Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake
main attack direction. We should firmly establish the concept of "joint efforts in large-scale protection and no large-scale development". Guided by promoting the comprehensive improvement and natural restoration of subtropical forest, river, lake and wetland ecosystems, we should strengthen the protection of forest, river, lake and wetland ecosystems based on six national key ecological functional areas, including Sichuan Yunnan forest and biodiversity ecological functional areas, and continue to implement the measures of natural forest protection, returning farmland to grassland, returning farmland to forest and grassland Returning farmland (polder) to lakes and wetlands, ecological restoration of mines and comprehensive improvement of land, vigorously carry out precise improvement of forest quality, restoration of rivers, lakes and wetlands, and comprehensive control of rocky desertification, effectively strengthen the protection and restoration of rare and endangered wild animals and plants such as giant panda and finless porpoise and their habitats, further enhance the ecological functions of regional water conservation and soil and water conservation, and graally improve the ecological environment of rivers and lakes Wetland ecosystem stability and ecological service function, accelerate the construction of the Yangtze River green ecological corridor< This region is located in the northeast of China, involving four provinces (regions) including Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia, including three national key ecological function areas, i.e. big and small Xing'an Mountains forest, Chang Mountain Forest and Sanjiang Plain wetland
main attack direction. Adhering to the fundamental principle of "forest is the main body and important resource of terrestrial ecosystem and an important guarantee for human survival and development", guided by promoting the natural recovery of forest ecosystem and grassland ecosystem, and based on the three national key ecological functional areas, including the forest ecological functional areas of Daxing'an Mountains and Xiaoxing'an mountains, comprehensively strengthen the protection of forest, grassland, rivers, lakes, wetlands and other ecosystems, We will vigorously implement the protection and restoration of natural forests, connect important ecological corridors, effectively strengthen the protection and management of wetland and nature reserves in key areas, as well as the migration and breeding areas of rare migratory birds, and steadily promote the tasks of returning farmland to forest and grass, soil erosion control, mine ecological restoration, and comprehensive land improvement, so as to enhance the functional stability of the regional ecosystem, To ensure the ecological security of northeast forest belt< 5. Northern sand control belt
this region spans the northern region of China, involving nine provinces (autonomous regions and cities) including Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang (including Xinjiang proction and Construction Corps), and is the northern sand control belt in the "two screens and three belts", including the Beijing Tianjin Hebei Coordinated Development Zone, Altay Mountain forest grassland, Tarim River desertification control zone, Tarim River desertification control zone, etc Hulunbuir grassland meadow, Horqin grassland, Hunshandake desertification prevention and control, the northern foot of Yinshan grassland and other six national key ecological function areas
main attack direction. Guided by promoting the comprehensive improvement and natural restoration of forest, grassland and desert ecosystems, and based on the needs of coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and six national key ecological function areas, such as the Tarim River desertification prevention and control ecological function area, we will comprehensively protect the forest, grassland, desert, river and lake, wet land and other ecosystems, and continue to promote the construction of shelter forest system, restoration of degraded grassland, comprehensive control of soil and water loss Beijing and Tianjin should harness the sources of wind and sand, return farmland to forests and grasslands, carry out in-depth River and lake restoration, wetland restoration, mine ecological restoration, comprehensive land improvement, and comprehensive treatment of groundwater overdraft, further increase the coverage of forest and grass vegetation, enhance the functions of wind prevention and sand fixation, soil and water conservation, and biodiversity, improve the quality and stability of natural ecosystems, and build a strong ecological security barrier in northern China< This region mainly involves five provinces (regions) including Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi, including Nanling Mountain Forest and biodiversity national key ecological function area and Wuyi Mountain and other important mountain and hilly areas
main attack direction. Guided by enhancing the quality and stability of forest ecosystem, based on the key ecological functional areas of Nanling Mountain Forest and biodiversity, and on the basis of comprehensive protection of original zonal vegetation such as evergreen broad-leaved forest, scientific implementation of precision improvement of forest quality, tending of young and middle-aged forest and restoration of degraded forest, vigorously promote the comprehensive management of soil erosion and rocky desertification, and graally carry out mine ecological restoration, ecological restoration and ecological restoration We should further strengthen the ecological protection and restoration of rivers and lakes, protect endangered species and their habitats, connect ecological corridors, improve biodiversity protection network, carry out pest control, and build ecological security barriers in the south< 7. Coastal zone
this area covers the coastal areas of 11 provinces (autonomous regions and cities) including Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan, covering the Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea and other important marine ecosystems, including Liaodong Bay, Yellow River Estuary and adjacent waters, North Yellow Sea, coastal areas of Northern Jiangsu, Yangtze Estuary Hangzhou Bay, central and southern Zhejiang There are 12 key marine ecological zones in Taiwan Strait, Pearl River Estuary and adjacent waters, Beibu Gulf, huanhainan Island, Xisha and Nansha, and the national key ecological function zone of tropical rain forest in the central mountainous area of Hainan Island
main attack direction. Guided by the restoration of coastal ecosystem structure and the improvement of service function, based on the Liaodong Bay and other 12 key marine ecological areas and the national key ecological function area of tropical rainforest in the central mountainous area of Hainan Island, we will comprehensively protect the natural coastline, strictly control the threat of overfishing and others, and focus on promoting the development of estuaries, bays, coastal wetlands, mangroves, coral reefs, and other coastal areas In order to improve the ecological quality of coastal waters, restore degraded typical habitats, and strengthen the protection of migratory birds' migration paths, we should comprehensively carry out the coastal and beach restoration, habitat protection and restoration, prevention and control of alien invasive species, prevention and control of ecological disasters, ecological construction of seawalls, construction of shelter forest system, and construction of marine protected areas, Promote the recovery of marine biological resources and biodiversity protection, enhance the structural integrity and functional stability of coastal ecosystem, and improve the ability to resist marine disasters.

5. We will implement major projects to protect and restore important ecosystems, optimize the ecological security barrier system, build ecological corridors and biodiversity protection networks, and improve the quality and stability of ecosystems. Three control lines, namely, ecological protection red line, permanent basic farmland and urban development boundary, were demarcated. We will carry out land greening, promote the comprehensive control of desertification, rocky desertification and soil erosion, strengthen the protection and restoration of wetlands, and strengthen the prevention and control of geological disasters. We will improve the natural forest protection system and expand the conversion of farmland to forests and grasslands. We should strictly protect cultivated land, expand the experiment of crop rotation and fallow, improve the system of recuperation of cultivated land, grassland, forest, rivers and lakes, and establish a market-oriented and diversified ecological compensation mechanism.