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Congo digital currency

Publish: 2021-03-23 17:53:01
1.

Afghanistan's 1979 version of 10000 Afghani banknotes, Cambodia's 2001 Version of 10000 Riel banknotes, Kazakhstan's 2006 version of 10000 tenge banknotes, Iraq's new version of 10000 Dinar banknotes, Vietnam's 10000 Dun plastic banknotes, and many more

< H2 > extended data

coin is one of the metal coins in the spring and autumn and Warring States period, which evolved from shovel shaped tool money. There are silver coins, most of which are bronze. The later generations refer to copper coins. The original coin and tool money have the same shape, but later graally separated from each other and have their own characteristics. This kind of currency is called money“ The word "Qian" thus became one of the names of money. Money was used in the Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou and Jin states at first, and then extended to the border areas of Yan and Qin States and their neighboring countries. The unit of money is ŷ. The first emperor of Qin unified the half Liang coins of square hole and abolished the coins of various countries

coinage: it refers to the metal currency that is cast into a certain size and shape, has a certain weight and denomination value, and serves as the legal means of circulation. In ancient times, copper was the main material of coinage, and later gold and silver coinage appeared one after another. In China, although gold and silver coinage appeared earlier, it was mainly in modern times that it joined the field of commodity circulation

Shellfish coin: the original currency in ancient China, which was made up of seashells. The unit of calculation of shell coin is "friend", five Bei is a string, two strings are a friend. Shellfish were proced in the sea and were not enough for circulation, so they were replaced by imitations, such as shell shell, shell shell made of clam, bone shell, stone shell, pottery shell, and even copper shell, which was in transition to the form of metal currency

2.

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is referred to as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) or the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) for short ("DRC" refers to its capital Kinshasa), so as to distinguish the Republic of Congo with similar names. The country was formerly known as Zaire (French: Za & #239; The official language is French, with a population of more than 71 million, ranking 19th in the world, 4th in Africa, and the country with the largest official French population; The land area is about 2.345 million km < sup > 2 < / sup >, which is the second largest country in Africa and the eleventh largest country in the world

Congo (gold) is located in the Midwest of Africa. The equator runs across the northern part of the country, east to Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, north to Sultan, Central African Republic, Congo to the west, Angola and Zambia to the south. Only in the easternmost part, near the Atlantic Ocean, the coastline is 37 km long. The terrain of the whole country is divided into five parts: the central Congo Basin, the Great Rift Valley of the South African plateau in the East, the Azande plateau in the north, the lower Guinea plateau in the west, and the Lunda Katanga plateau in the south. The climate of the central and northern regions is tropical rain forest, and that of the southern region is tropical grassland with the Katanga plateau as the center; The annual average temperature is 27 ℃, and the annual precipitation is 1 500-2 000 mm

the domestic transportation of DRC is not very developed, and river transportation is the main part of the territory, and Kinshasa, the capital, is the largest river port; Matadi is the only seaport with many ocean routes; The total length of national highway is 145000 km, and national highway is 20700 km, of which asphalt road is 2400 km. But now most roads are damaged to varying degrees. The total length of the railway is more than 6000 km, including about 850 km of electrified lines. The Congo River is a famous river in Africa and the world, with a total length of 4640 km and a drainage area of about 3.7 million km < sup > 2 < / sup >, 60% of which is in the Congo (DRC). In Africa, its length is inferior to that of the Nile, but its flow is 16 times larger than that of the Nile. In the lower reaches of the Congo River, there are Livingstone waterfalls, which are rare in the world. They are the most concentrated area of hydraulic resources in Africa. Many other tributaries also contain abundant hydraulic energy resources. However, e to their remote location, they have not yet been developed and utilized

Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a backward country in the development of instry and agriculture. Its agricultural proction is still in the natural semi primitive state of "slash and burn cultivation". More than 90% of its instrial procts are imported, and mining and smelting are the main economic pillars. Congo (DRC) is not famous for its rich plants, animals, water conservancy and fertile soil, and its mineral resources are among the top in the world. Although it is rich in natural resources, its economy is extremely underdeveloped, and it is designated as one of the least developed countries in the world by the United Nations

There are a variety of mineral resources in the Democratic Republic of Congo, including oil, coal, uranium and other energy minerals, as well as iron, manganese, chromium, tungsten, copper, cobalt, zinc, tin, nickel, gold, platinum group metals, silver, niobium, tantalum, germanium, cadmium and other metals, rare metal minerals, as well as diamond, sulfur, stone and other non-metallic minerals, including copper, cobalt, diamond, tin, niobium Tantalum and other mineral reserves occupy an important position in the world. Before the 1990s, the mining instry in Congo (DRC) was mainly copper and cobalt mining; In the 1980s, its mining proction reached its peak, with an annual output of 50 × 10 < sup > 4 < / sup > t (1981), cobalt 1 × 10 < sup > 4 < / sup > t (in 1986, accounting for more than 2 / 3 of the world output), zinc 6.6% × 10 < sup > 4 < / sup > t, mining output value accounts for 25% of GDP. After 1990, mining proction declined in an all-round way. In 1997 and 1998, the two civil wars took place in the eastern region, which is rich in mineral resources. The proction was seriously damaged, and the output dropped sharply, with the proportion of GDP falling to 7%. In recent years, as the domestic situation continues to ease, mining proction has recovered. After taking office in 2001, Joaquim Kabila carried out market economy policy, relaxed economic regulation and strengthened cooperation with international financial institutions. As a result, the country's macroeconomic situation has improved. In recent years, the government has intensified fiscal and tax reform, improved the investment environment, and standardized economic activities. International financial institutions such as the world bank and the International Monetary Fund and major donor countries have increased their development assistance to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and cancelled part of its debts. In recent years, the political situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has obviously improved, which has increased the attraction of DRC to international capital, and non-ferrous metal mining instry has become a hot spot of investment by international multinational companies. At present, the mineral exploration and development in the DRC are mainly concentrated in the Katanga copper belt in the south, and the main minerals are copper, cobalt and zinc

Mining instry is one of the pillar instries for the recovery and development of the national economy in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The country is rich in natural resources, known as the "world raw material warehouse", "China Africa gems" and "geological miracle". There are many kinds of non-ferrous metals, rare metals and non-metallic minerals in China, of which copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese, tin, tantalum, germanium, tungsten, cadmium, nickel, chromium and other metals and instrial diamond reserves are considerable. According to the figures released by the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo at the end of 1998, its main mineral reserves are copper 7500 × 10 < sup > 4 < / sup > t (15% of the world), drilling 450 × 10 < sup > 4 < / sup > t (1 / 2 of the world), zinc 700 × 10 < sup > 4 < / sup > t, Mn 700 × 10 < sup > 4 < / sup > t, tin 45 × 10 < sup > 4 < / sup > t, gold 600 t, diamonds 190 million carats (23% of the world). It is rich in water resources, with an estimated reserves of 106 million kilowatts, accounting for 40% of Africa and 13% of the world. Copper, lead, zinc, uranium, nickel and cobalt are mainly distributed in the southeast and northeast, tin is mainly distributed in the East and Southeast, gold, silver and platinum group metals are mainly distributed in the south, North and east of the country, manganese and iron ore are mainly distributed in the South and North. For a long time, e to the slow instrial development, insufficient power supply, backward infrastructure, and many mining enterprises have not yet realized the deep processing of procts, a large number of concentrate procts have been directly exported to neighboring Zambia for deep processing and refining of final procts

Copper and cobalt are the two most abundant and highly developed non-ferrous metal minerals in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In the past decade, the output of copper in the Democratic Republic of Congo has been relatively stable, maintaining at 33 × 10 < sup > 4 < / sup > t / A. Due to the poor proction capacity and technical level, the metal recovery rate in the smelting process is not very high, and the waste of resources is serious; In addition, e to the impact of regional security turmoil, most mining areas have not actually carried out exploration and proction activities. The Katanga plateau (Katanga province) in the south is the most important polymetallic procing area in the country, located in the world famous copper cobalt belt in Central Africa; The average grade of copper ore in Katanga province is 3% ~ 8%, which is a rare rich ore belt in the world

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4. Vietnam: Dong
5. If Africa is poor, African black people should make Africa rich through their own efforts instead of coming to China to enjoy the ready-made things. China today, in the war years, relies on the efforts of a large number of people who eat grass roots and bark and never give in. In the peace years, it depends on the efforts of a large number of people who use their bodies to stir cement mortar. You black Africans are neither our compatriots nor have made any contribution to this country. I welcome legal travel and study abroad. Illegal detention. Get out of here!
6. I don't know which "Congo" you want to ask. In today's world, there are two countries called "Congo", both of which are in Africa. One is the Republic of Congo (Brazzaville, capital), which is usually referred to as "Congo Brazzaville"; the other is the Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa, capital), which is usually referred to as "Congo DRC". Here are two "Congo" information<

country name: the Republic of Congo (Congo cloth),

Independence Day: August 15 (1960)

National Day: August 13 (1963)

National Flag: Rectangular, the ratio of length to width is 3:2. The flag is composed of green, yellow and red, with green on the upper left and red on the lower right. A yellow broad band runs obliquely from the lower left corner to the upper right corner. Green symbolizes forest resources and hope for the future, yellow represents honesty, tolerance and self-esteem, and red represents enthusiasm

National Emblem: it is a young black woman's design, and the name plate reads "unity, labor and progress" in French< President Denis Sassou Nguesso was elected president several times in 1979, 1984, 1989, 1997 and 2002

Physical Geography: it covers an area of 342000 square kilometers. It is located on the right bank of the lower reaches of the Congo River and its tributary, the Ubangi River, in central and western Africa. The equator runs through the middle of Africa. It is adjacent to Congo (DRC) and Angola in the East and south, Central Africa and Cameroon in the north, Gabon in the west, and the Atlantic Ocean in the southwest. The coastline is more than 150 kilometers long. The northeast is a plain with an altitude of 300 meters, which is a part of Congo Basin. The altitude is about 300 meters, and swamps are widely distributed; In the South and northwest are plateaus with a height of 500-1000m; The southwest is the coastal lowland; Between the plateau and the coastal lowlands is mayongbei mountain. Part of the Congo River (Zaire River) and its tributary, the Ubangi River, is the boundary river with the DRC. The tributaries of Congo River include Sangjia River, liquala River, etc., and kuilu river flows into the sea alone. The climate in the south is tropical grassland, and the climate in the middle and north is tropical rainforest, with high temperature and high humidity. The annual precipitation is 1200-1600 mm. The Congo River, its many tributaries and the quelu neali River, which flows into the sea alone, form a dense water network and are rich in water. Forests account for more than 55% of the land area, rich in ebony, ebony and other valuable wood

population: 2.78 million (1994). There are more than 170 tribes, basically belonging to the Bantu language family. In the south, the ethnic groups of Congo, including Lali, bazonguo and VILI, account for about 45% of the total population; In the north, 16% of the population is mboshi; The taikai nationality accounts for 20% in Central China; There are a few pygmies in the northern virgin forest. Congo language and monukutoba language are spoken in the south, lingala language is spoken in the north, and French is the official language. More than half of the residents believe in primitive religion, about 500000 believe in Catholics, more than 200000 believe in Protestantism, and 40000 believe in Islam

capital: Brazzaville

brief history: at the end of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th century, the Bantu people established the kingdom of Congo in the lower reaches of the Congo River. From the 15th century, Portuguese, British and French colonists invaded one after another. In 1884, at the Berlin Conference of imperialist partition of Africa, the area east of the Congo River was designated as a Belgian colony, which is now Zaire, and the area west of the Congo River as a French colony, which is now Congo. In 1910, France occupied Congo. It became an autonomous republic in November 1958, but remained in the "French community". On August 15, 1960, Congo gained full independence and named it the Republic of Congo. On March 27, 1961, Yulu was elected president of the first Republic. On June 31, 1968, it was renamed the people's Republic of Congo. In March 1979, Denis Sassou Nguesso was elected chairman of the party and President of the Republic by the third Special Representative Congress of the Labour Party of the Congo. In July 1984, the third National Congress of the Labor Party of Congo put forward that "the revolution in Congo at the present stage is a national, democratic and people's revolution." In July 1990, the labor party decided to abandon Marxism Leninism but adhere to socialism; It advocates political pluralism and multi-party system; Give up the leading position of the labor party. From February 25 to June 10, 1991, Congo held a national conference with the participation of the ruling Labor Party, 66 opposition parties and 134 social groups. The meeting passed the "basic law", namely the provisional constitution; It was decided to change the name of the country from the people's Republic of Congo to the Republic of Congo, and to resume the use of the national flag and Anthem of independence<

Politics: the current constitution was adopted by the national referenm on March 15, 1992. The Constitution stipulates that state sovereignty belongs to the people; The separation of legislative, judicial and executive powers and the semi presidential and semi parliamentary system of government should be implemented; The president of the Republic is directly elected by universal suffrage. He is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the army. He supervises the implementation of the Constitution and the normal operation of the administrative organs; The president appoints or removes the prime minister and his cabinet members who are elected by the majority of the parliament, and presides over cabinet meetings; The president has the right to dissolve the national assembly after consulting the prime minister and the president of the national assembly; The prime minister is the head of government, leading the government's activities and ensuring the implementation of laws

Economy: mainly agriculture and forestry. The main grain procts are cassava, rice and corn. The cash crops include sugarcane, peanut, tobacco, oil palm, coffee and cocoa. Mining potash, diamond, oil, gold, lead, zinc, copper, iron, bauxite, coal and other mineral deposits. Forest harvesting and wood processing instries are important, as well as oil refining, potash fertilizer, sugar, cement, textile, canned fish and other instries. Export wood, oil, potash, sugar, coffee, cocoa, etc; Import machinery and equipment, vehicles, daily necessities, etc<

Diplomacy: it pursues the policy of defending national independence, national sovereignty, good neighborly friendship and non alignment. We should oppose imperialism, colonialism and racism, support the national liberation movement in southern Africa, and safeguard African Unity and world peace< Relations with China: on February 22, 1964, China and Congo established diplomatic relations. In September 2005, President Denis Sassou Nguesso of Congo paid a state visit to China<

Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

1 - basic situation of the country

Democratic Republic of the Congo / the Democratic Republic of the Congo

President Laurent Kabila (1997.5 -)
head of government Laurent Kabila (1998.1 -)

capital Kinshasa

area 23544, 885.00 square kilometers

time difference with beijing-7.00

international telephone code 243

population 46.691 million people (1997)

language French is the official language, most of them speak Swahili, lingala and kicongo< There are more than 200 tribes in Zaire, most of them Bantu people

50% of the residents believe in Catholicism, 20% in Christianity, 10% in Islam and 20% in African primitive religion<

national flower

2 - brief history

originally a Belgian colony, it was called Congo. It gained its independence on June 30, 1960. Its name is the Republic of Congo. In August 1964, it was renamed Democratic Republic of Congo. On November 24, 1965, Mobutu, commander-in-chief of the national army, launched a coup and became president, and announced the establishment of the second republic. On October 27, 1971, it was renamed the Republic of Zaire. On May 17, 1997, after the armed forces of the alliance of democratic forces for the liberation of the Congo led by Laurent Kabila captured the capital Kinshasa, they announced their assumption of the presidency and renamed the Republic of Zaire the Democratic Republic of the Congo

3 - geographical location

it is located in Central Africa. Northwest is adjacent to Congo, north is adjacent to the Central African Republic and Sultan, and the East is bordered by Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania, and south is at the junction of Zambia and Angola. There is a short coastline from which the Zaire River (Congo River) flows into the Atlantic Ocean<

4 - major cities of the country

sequence No. major cities in the region
1 Kinshasa
2 kanangaxi Kasai
3 lubumbashishaba
4 Mbuji Maidong Kasai
5 Kisangani upper Zaire
6 bukavukivu
7 Kikwete Kikwete
8 Mbandaka equator


5 - national ethnic festivals < B R / >
contents of the festival date
January 1 of the new year
independence martyrdom Day January 4
Labor Day May 1
founding day of the people's revolutionary movement may 20
Zaire currency day and fishermen's Day June 24
Independence Day June 30
parents' Day August 1
Youth Day October 14
Zaire Memorial Day October 27
national name changed to Zaire/ >Army day on November 17
Second Republic Day on November 24
Christmas day on December 25
7. The currency of France is Euro, the currency of 19 countries in the European Union.
8. The moon and the lake
9. According to the data released by the International Monetary Fund, Bangladesh's GDP in 2013 was 141.3 billion US dollars, and its per capita GDP was 904 US dollars. According to the standards of the United Nations, Bangladesh is also a post developing country. And there is a huge gap between the rich and the poor in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, more than 40% of the total population live in abject poverty with a daily income of less than US $1. 140 million people live in low-lying delta formed by the alluvial of Ganges River and Brahmaputra River. The land area is smaller than that of Guangdong Province. Then floods, infectious diseases and famine became its repeated fate< According to the standards of the United Nations, Myanmar is a post developing country. According to the world bank survey, Myanmar's poverty rate is more than 37%. Most of the Burmese people don't know how to solve the problem and can't get rid of poverty. However, this trend has graally eased, and the future economic growth is worth looking forward to
in the Republic of Pakistan, where the human development index of Pakistan is 60.3%, the average daily living cost of the people is US $2 (about RMB 12). The gap between the rich and the poor is large. In addition, Pakistan has been plagued by wars and terrorists, with hundreds of thousands of people fleeing every year. Tens of thousands of people die in terrorist attacks every year. Pakistan is now one of the countries that have suffered the most terrorist attacks in the world< br />
In East Timor, there are about 770000 poor people living on less than $2 a day, accounting for more than half of the total national population. According to the standards of the United Nations, East Timor should be classified as a post developing country. Forty seven percent of children under five are stunted, 43 percent underweight, and 12 percent frail. Moreover, most of East Timor's materials depend on foreign aid, and it is indeed one of the poorest countries in the world< br />
One third of Laos' citizens live on less than US $1.25 a day, the world poverty line (the minimum income target for purchasing necessities). Laos is a land locked country and the only land locked country in Southeast Asia, which is inconvenient in foreign trade and exchange. 80% of the territory is mountainous and plateau, and is mostly covered by forest, the plain area is narrow, which is not concive to urban construction and planting development
10.

1, Burundi per capita GDP $286

Burundi is located in the Middle East of Africa, a small country on the south side of the equator, with an area of 27834 square kilometers, a population of 10 million 520 thousand, and a per capita GDP of only 286 dollars, which is one of the poorest in the world. The uninterrupted civil war is the biggest cause of poverty in Burundi. The whole country relies almost entirely on international aid to survive. p> The per capita GDP of Somalia is 434 US dollars.

Somalia is located in the most eastern part of the African continent, the Somali Peninsula, with a land area of 637660 square kilometers, a population of 14.32 million and a per capita GDP of 434 US dollars. The residents here are too poor. Many people are forced to be pirates because pirates can make money. It is said that the dream of young people here is to be pirates

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