Research papers on the supervision and development of digital cu

Publish: 2021-05-15 21:33:42

1. Yao Qian, head of the preparatory group of the digital currency Research Institute of the central bank, said that the digital currency issued by the central bank is mainly to replace physical cash, rece the cost of issuance and circulation of traditional paper money, and improve the convenience and transparency of economic transactions
Huang Zhen, director of the Institute of financial law of Central University of Finance and economics, said that digital currency mainly refers to the form of currency and will not cause currency shrinkage. The issuing scale of money is still controlled by the central bank, while the issue of paper money or digital money is just a change of form< In addition, Huang Zhen mentioned that the issue of digital currency is still in the stage of discussion, which is an innovative mechanism of currency value symbol, and many problems are still under study. However, in practice, people are more and more inclined to use e-banking and e-payment rather than carrying notes. Under this trend, the number of banknotes in circulation in the future may decrease
the central bank's issuing of digital currency is still inspired by encrypted digital currencies such as bitcoin and lettercoin, and so is the token of European crowdfunding platform. The digital currency issued by the central bank has monetary attributes, while the token of European crowdfunding platform can only be a kind of asset certificate, a niche proct.

The globalization process of digital currency is still progressing steadily. All countries are trying to develop their own blockchain applications and have great expectations for the innovation brought by new technologies. However, ordinary people do not seem to be very interested in these technologies. They prefer to get benefits from blockchain technologies, so more people still learn blockchain because of currency speculation, The threshold to enter the blockchain instry itself is very high. Basically, in the early stage, it was the technology God that entered. Later, some financial practitioners with foresight entered the instry through the currency circle, and then the capital market led by 3M poured into bitcoin and Leyte, which gave birth to the whole bull market of digital currency, Then we knew everything about it, which triggered a new crowd financing, which gave rise to the bubble and then returned to the present value. p>

the result of this round of market is to let the people of the world realize what blockchain is and what blockchain can change. Some scholars and experts really participate in the blockchain instry, drive the whole economic system to study blockchain technology, and directly establish the blockchain instry as the general trend in the next 5-10 years. It seems that ordinary investors can only invest in digital currency, which makes it easier for them to overtake on the curve of wealth. Therefore, if we love the coin circle, we should cultivate it deeply, because the existence of the coin circle has become a trend, and it is a sunrise instry at least. On the contrary, if you are curious about blockchain technology, you should also practice it well. In the future, central enterprises, state-owned enterprises and listed companies will need talents who understand blockchain. It's better to understand the code together. In any case, it will be easier to make money in the tide of trend. Choice is more important than struggle

market analysis

bitcoin:

6600 did not break down effectively yesterday. Your breakthrough selling point in yesterday's hour chart is a good application. Look at the chart:

< img Src=“ //www.yuanxue365.com/en/img_a2cc7cd98d1001e9c8925f8cb40e7bec55e79783 "/ >

from the day before yesterday, Bitcoin continues to gain support in the important position of 6600. As you can see, the trading volume that touched 6600 before was relatively large. Yesterday's small trading volume falling below 6600 platform support is not an effective breakthrough, and it does not constitute the large volume falling below. Therefore, it is a false breakthrough, so it was pulled back soon after falling below 6600. From the trading volume of the big Yang line, Similarly, it is not big, which indicates that bulls only hold the key point for a short time and have no ability to reverse the trend

bitcoin has come out of a small bottom. Yesterday, it was said that if 6600 stands, bitcoin will have a concussive rebound at this position. However, it is expected that the rebound will be limited, just extending the time of decline. Therefore, the market has stabilized 6600 for three consecutive days and established a small bottom of 6600

judging from today's rebound trading volume, it is still insufficient, so the short-term rebound range will not be too large. The strong pressure level above is around 7700, and the energy of bulls in this round is limited, so 7700 is regarded as the rebound limit for the time being, and the big downward trend still remains unchanged, There are local opportunities in the short term. The position should still be below 30%

eth:

like the daily line, bitcoin has almost established a small bottom, which will be accompanied by a certain rebound, but the overall situation will not be very strong, so it is still a linked market. The specific analysis method has been given to you yesterday, using the K-line of various currencies and bitcoin to make a comparison, and then select those currencies that are willing to operate, and find out the currencies that are likely to rise, Only the large market value currency is valid for the K line of usdt

ADA, xvg:

yesterday, I compared the two charts with the trend of bitcoin, and gave the conclusion that the main force of xvg is willing to control the price of bitcoin in the short term, so the independent market of xvg rose continuously yesterday and today. This is a good case of converting the chart into language through the technical analysis of disk. If you can draw such a conclusion through the comparison, I believe the probability of making money will increase greatly. The same is true of ADA. If we compare it with March 18, bitcoin has fallen far below the low point of 3.18, while ADA is still hovering and stabilizing at 3.18, which is also a signal for the main force to enter. However, by comparing with xvg, we can draw the conclusion that ADA is long-term and xvg is short-term hot money behavior. If someone ambushes xvg after reading the article yesterday, they can hold the money along the 5-day line for the time being. The coordination of quantity and price is not bad, and the washing up is quite sufficient. They have the will to continue to rush up

LTC:

take out the diagram and compare it with BTC to understand why linkage has been mentioned all the time. Let's not talk about it. It's still two words: linkage

in the past two days, the price of currency has not been speculated, and some teams have begun to do the same trick again, forking out candy. No, OMG and BTG are clamoring to fork out and give forked currency. However, it is difficult for these news to stimulate the price of currency again. After all, what they split out is not a star project, so it is difficult for people to have the desire to buy currency for candy. So this kind of message can be evaluated as neutral

recently, some currencies cooperating with large companies have gone well. If you want to speculate, you can think along this main line. If you want to find relevant information and do some latent work, you may have good short-term opportunities

there are not many other things to talk about. The money making effect is still not strong. mining and hoarding money are the main factors. Generally speaking, the trend of money price is weak. The bear market makes money, and the bull market makes money. Digging money is more suitable for the current market than frying money. Now we know that the decline of money price leads to the decline of mining machinery. Once the money price recovers, the mining machinery will rise in a positive proportion, so we can rest assured to invest in digging money. After all, if the currency price exceeds 7700, don't keep catching up. It's easy to lose more than gain

3. After bitcoin craze, where should virtual digital currency go? According to the prospective instry research institute, the future development trend of the instry mainly includes the following points:
1. virtual currency may continue to develop for a long time. Due to the high security of virtual currency, it can't be issued at will, and Chinese and foreign people can't identify the user's identity information in the transaction process, a large number of people have a crazy pursuit of virtual currency
2. Virtual currency may be involved more widely in the future. As long as someone recognizes and uses virtual currency, the existence of virtual currency has value
virtual currency has been developing so far, prosperity and bubbles, wealth and dreams, questioning and supervision are all on the way. Investment is risky, so we should be cautious. At present, such playing methods as bitcoin have not been approved by the regulatory authorities. It is suggested that ordinary investors should participate in the game within their ability.

In the morning of March 9, 2014 Beijing time, Jared Cohen, creative director of Google, said at the Sxsw conference this week that digital cryptocurrency similar to bitcoin will exist for a long time. Cohen and Eric Schmidt, Google's chairman, promoted their co-author book the new digital age at the conference
in the past few months, bitcoin prices have fluctuated significantly. At the same time, this digital currency is strongly supported by the hacker community and is closely related to some black markets. Cohen believes that bitcoin has its value, but it will bring risks if it is not regulated
mt.gox lost $400 million worth of bitcoin, which shakes the confidence of the outside world in bitcoin. Some critics even point out that "bitcoin is dead". However, Cohen's statement is a strong support for cryptocurrency technologies such as bitcoin
bitcoin can exist only because both sides of the transaction recognize its transaction value, so anyone can independently design a virtual currency. Ars technica, for example, announced this week that it would create its own cryptocurrency, arscoin
Cohen believes that the main threat to digital cryptocurrency is how to keep it safely, and the loss of mt.gox bitcoin once again highlights this problem. Recently, the US Congress has also launched a debate on digital cryptocurrency. Some members believe that the supervision of the bitcoin should be strengthened to avoid risks. Another congressman, Jared polis, believes that the US dollar has similar defects to bitcoin, so if bitcoin is banned, then the US dollar note should also be banned
digital currency has a short history in the world, but it develops rapidly. Many countries are trying to sum up experiences and lessons through official or non-governmental efforts
take Europe as an example. In 2015, the transaction volume of digital currency in relevant European countries and regions exceeded 1 billion euro. Although the total amount is not large, it is fierce
it was reported on January 2, 2016 that the Bank of England is also considering whether to issue digital currency by the central bank, and the research work is still in the initial stage. Andy Haldane, chief economist of the Bank of England, said that switching to digital currency would be "a great technological leap forward"
DNB, Norway's largest bank, has already cancelled the cash counter service. The bank called on the government to stop using paper money completely. According to the data, only 6% of Norwegians still use cash every day, most of them the elderly. The social cost of cash payment is twice that of electronic money payment. In one day's life, the payment of bus, shopping, payment, refueling, and even parking is completed by swiping the card. Only when the children's school holds a charity sale can the banknotes be used
compared with paper money, digital currency has obvious advantages, which can not only save the cost of issuance and circulation, but also improve the efficiency of transaction or investment, and enhance the convenience and transparency of economic transaction activities. The issue of digital currency by the central bank also ensures the continuity of financial policy and the integrity of monetary policy, and also ensures the security of monetary transactions
although the issuing method of digital currency is still under study, paper currency has been regarded as "the currency of the previous generation" by some professionals, and it is the general trend to be replaced by new technologies and procts. Due to China's large population and volume, the timetable for issuing digital currency is still uncertain. It is predicted that digital currency and cash will be in parallel and graally replaced for quite a long time. When the era of digital currency really comes, people will carry less and less cash, travel more and more safe, poverty alleviation more and more accurate, corruption more and more difficult to escape, and thieves more and more difficult

5. The traditional electronic payment system is built on the basis of credit, relying on the centralized third-party institutions to complete. Digital currency technology such as bitcoin can effectively integrate electronic payment with decentralized system
the monetary property of digital currency has attracted a lot of attention, and the distributed accounting system behind the payment system is undoubtedly a more attractive innovation. In view of the fact that bank deposits and other financial assets are only in pure digital form, this just provides a broader opportunity for distributed accounting system to change the whole financial system
money and payment system are naturally linked. The payment system, the medium of transaction, must be safe and reliable. Any trading system needs an accounting system to record the assets you own in the system
modern payment systems usually use computers to store data. To put it bluntly, the money you deposit in the bank is a series of numbers recorded in the bank account
this article will focus on the recent innovative events in the field of payment, such as bitcoin, a global digital currency, which skillfully integrates the most perfect payment system with the most perfect currency. Users can rely on it to complete the exchange of legal money, commodity trading, purchase services and other activities without the participation of third-party institutions (such as banks). Its innovation lies in that it is not controlled by any centralized banks
bitcoin, the largest digital currency at present, was founded in 2009 and has been supported by thousands of businesses around the world, from pizza to virtual host. Most digital currencies, including bitcoin, have a fixed supply set. This chapter will give a brief introction to its working principle. It will give you a brief introction on how to strengthen the secure payment system with technical means, evaluate the possibility that the old payment system should be replaced by new technology, explain how the distributed accounting system removes many problems in the existing system, and explore new areas where new technology may be applied
many media reported that bitcoin only reported the discussion on its currency property and price. This paper focuses on the revolutionary innovation of the payment system brought by the distributed accounting system of digital currency - the payment system without the participation of any centralized institutions. These innovations can also be expanded in other areas, such as encrypted communications, decision-making, P2P networks
central banks have the responsibility to stabilize their monetary and payment systems to ensure the stable operation of the economy. The recent innovation in payment technology has been related to the topic of "digital currency". Most of the payment systems in today's economies follow the pattern of centuries ago, that is, they use centralized institutions to carry out secured transactions. For example, the Jinpu bank appeared in the 16th century. People can exchange physical gold for gold tickets, which can be used as gold coins or gold coins, but can not be used across banks. With the requirements of social development, there is an increasingly urgent need for an inter-bank payment system, now the practice is a variety of UnionPay organizations
bitcoin, Ruitai coin, Weimeng coin, Laite coin and other digital currencies may disappear in the future, because now it is only a small experiment, but this idea may continue.

At present, there are mainly two regulations about virtual currency in China. In 2013, many ministries and commissions issued the notice on prevention of bitcoin risk, giving important tips on bitcoin risk. On September 4, 2017, the central bank and other seven ministries and commissions jointly announced again that the first token issue was an unauthorized illegal financing

According to Zhao, there are various ways to launder money by using digital currency. For example, technical means may be used to transfer funds into the cryptocurrency system, and then deploy various transfer addresses, making it difficult to query its transaction path. In other words, money laundering promoted by technological progress is more and more difficult to be detected and prevented. In addition, it has cross regional characteristics, and the lack of global response mechanism exacerbates this situation

7. Knowledge based military, intelligent weapons, digital battlefield, information war and deterrence strategy have become the basic trend of military development in the 21st century, and the discipline comprehensiveness is more prominent. In the future, any solution to military war problems, science and technology problems, social development problems and environmental problems will be highly comprehensive, and almost all disciplines and specialties can become the research objects of national defense science and technology. In 1993, the U.S. Department of defense launched an action to jointly formulate a defense science and technology plan, and proposed to the Joint Chiefs of staff the 2010 joint operations vision, the joint operations science and technology plan, the defense technology field plan, and the basic research plan, covering almost all military related science and engineering fields. The basic research program alone covers 12 disciplines, including physics, chemistry, mathematics, computer science, electronics, materials science, mechanics, marine science, earth science, atmospheric space science, biological science and cognitive neuroscience. We should change our traditional thinking, build an advanced and reasonable discipline system of national defense science and technology, create a world-class university with our military characteristics, and enrich and develop national defense science and technology in accordance with the development mode of "military, comprehensive, research and open". The characteristics of military confrontation are distinct“ The rule of "there is a spear, there is a shield". Science and technology itself is a double-edged sword, while national defense science and technology have more distinctive military antagonism: reconnaissance and anti reconnaissance, stealth and anti stealth, jamming and anti-jamming, guidance and anti guidance, destruction and anti destruction, virus and anti-virus; Tank anti tank, missile anti missile, aircraft carrier anti aircraft carrier, satellite anti satellite; Air attack and anti air attack, landing and anti landing, blockade and anti blockade; Information attack and defense, electronic countermeasure, missile attack and defense, system of systems countermeasure; Weapon informatization and information weaponization, new concept weapon and new concept weapon all embody two aspects of one problem. New concepts of weapons emerge one after another. New concept weapon is a historical category, and its breakthrough is of milestone and epoch-making significance. In the era of cold weapons, it is difficult to divide attack and defense when short soldiers fight; In the era of hot weapons, the combination of attack and defense, long-range mobility; In the era of nuclear weapons, it is extremely powerful and can deter qu bing. In the future battlefield, there will be too many new concept weapons: kinetic energy weapons such as electromagnetic energy launchers and electrothermal guns, which use electric pulse power as energy to break through the speed limit of conventional artillery systems; Laser weapons, high-power microwave weapons, particle beam weapons and other directional energy weapons have changed the traditional thinking of "gun, gun and bullet", and realized the dream of "gun without bullet, zero hour flight, direct aiming"; Gene weapons can destroy a certain race or a certain kind of people; The infrasonic weapons hide the killing machine in the silent place, which makes it more difficult for people to defend; There are also micron / nano weapons, digital intelligent robot forces... The new concept of weapons is the broad sense of weapons, which regards all means beyond the traditional military field, but still can be used in war operations as weapons. In the era of information network, man-made stock disaster, hacker intrusion, false intelligence and power failure can be included in the new concept of weapons. The new concept of weapon provides direction for the new concept of weapon, and the new concept of weapon makes the new concept of weapon fixed. New concept weapon is the concentrated embodiment of military knowledge innovation and military technology innovation. In the era of knowledge military with the rapid development of national defense science and technology, new concepts of weapons beyond the modern era emerge in endlessly, and new concepts of weapons beyond the future will continue to emerge. The al-use of military and civilian is increasingly obvious. Modern high technology is almost all al-purpose technology, with the characteristics of strong versatility. The progress of science and technology in the field of information and the Kosovo war show that the boundary between the army and the people is becoming more and more blurred. The basic science and technology involved in national defense science and technology include infrared technology, low light level technology, laser technology, radar technology, optical fiber technology, photoelectric inertial technology, integrated optical technology, computer technology, communication technology, artificial intelligence technology, virtual reality technology, and management technology. Most of them are highly versatile technologies, It can support the development and transformation of many kinds of weapon systems, and has distinct al-use characteristics. Dual use, mutual promotion, is a direction. On the one hand, in the design phase of the new system, civil technology, procts, practical experience and capabilities should be used as much as possible, and the economic bearing capacity should be fully considered; On the other hand, many key technologies of national defense are being developed or matured in the commercial and international fields. Therefore, the proction of military procts and civilian procts will rely on the same instrial base as much as possible to give full play to the advantages of economies of scale and technological innovation of civilian instry. At the same time, the military system and national defense departments will also maintain stable scientific research funds, maintain investment in key defense science and technology fields, carry out high-quality basic research, cultivate future scientific and technological teams and "smart buyers", promote cooperation between scientific research institutions inside and outside the military, accelerate technology transfer, and selectively use technology to meet social needs.

8. In market economic activities, money not only acts as the medium of commodity circulation, but also as the representative of property, becoming the tool of credit activities. A series of economic activities related to money revenue and expenditure, such as transactions and lending, are financial activities. The earliest commodity exchange in human history is direct barter, Barter. Barter without money often takes a lot of trouble. If Party A needs Party B's goods, but Party B doesn't need Party A's goods, they can't conclude a deal. Its disadvantages become more and more obvious with the expansion of the scope of commodity exchange. 1. Money performs the function of medium of exchange. In the practice of exchange, people graally get used to using some kind of goods that are easy to be accepted by everyone as the basis of commodity exchange; Middleman;, Second, currency performs the function of valuation unit, which is to give a certain price to the commodity. There are tens of millions of commodities in the market, and the evaluation of the same commodity's utility varies greatly, Therefore, it is often difficult for people to understand the exchange ratio of various commodities, and the transaction is naturally difficult to be fair. Because the currency that can be obtained after a commodity is sold is the price of the commodity, once the commodity has formed a widely accepted price in the market transaction, people no longer need to remember the exchange ratio of various commodities one by one, As long as you look at the price, you can see at a glance. Money has gone through the evolution process from physical money to metal money, and then from metal money to paper money, Accounting currency in the form of bill and various kinds of electronic currency in recent years have replaced some paper money for circulation. Money can be easily exchanged for a variety of goods and finance at any time. Therefore, in addition to performing the functions of exchange medium and valuation unit in commodity exchange, money itself has also become the representative of property, Not only can it be stored as future purchasing power, but also it can realize value-added by transferring to others for interest. Transferring the right to use currency for a period of time is money lending activities. In the lending activities of transferring the right to use currency, the relationship between the two parties is a kind of creditor's right and debt relationship. The creditor temporarily transfers the right to use currency for a period of time, The user of money (debtor) has the obligation to return after a certain period of time and pay a certain amount of interest

9. Now many trading platforms also have reborn coins for trading. In addition to reborn currency, Wright currency and ether currency, these virtual currencies can be traded in the realm Kingdom, and they can simply judge the direction of price rise and fall.

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Research papers on the supervision and development of digital cu

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