How should enterprises deal with the reform of digital currency

1. In addition to bitcoin, Ruitai, Laite and Ruibo, the mainstream digital currencies have certain liquidity, other Shanzhai currencies basically have no liquidity. The related application is even more deficient, just staying in the theoretical stage

of course, it is not ruled out that large institutions will develop liquid digital currencies in the future.

2. Each has its own good. However, if the economic conditions are generally good, it is suggested to invite Yuesao. Please sister-in-law to the regular household management company, ten thousand yuan can invite a very good professional sister-in-law. If you go to the confinement center, it will be at least 30000 (in the second and third tier cities). And the relatively low price of the confinement center, in which a lot of the sister-in-law is a temporary escort, professional general

3. virtual currency has become a settlement method of the Internet of things in the future,
it solves the settlement and settlement problems of cross-border trade in the largest scope, so it is bound to become a trend
but it is not the same as the legal tender of each country,
because the settlement and settlement of any kind of virtual currency must be based on various legal tender

so it is impossible to worry that any virtual currency will dominate the global currency and replace the central bank<

the legal tender of various countries has only changed its existing mode, from a string of numbers and passwords, and then virtual currency can solve the problem of low efficiency circulation to high efficiency circulation

then why do so many people speculate in virtual currency

first of all, virtual currency is a limited issue. When a certain virtual currency becomes more and more mobile, the demand will be greater and greater. It is bound to cause many people to scramble and naturally bring opportunities for speculation. Therefore, a new opportunity, virtual currency, will emerge

it is also mentioned above that only circulation can be valuable and make people have a steady stream of income, so the key lies in circulation
let's take a look at the barter point of MBI

4. 1. The enterprise should make correct management strategy
2. Enterprises should improve their ability of independent innovation and form their own competitive advantages by means of technological progress and scientific management
3. Enterprises should operate in good faith and establish good reputation and corporate image. The reputation and image of an enterprise is an intangible asset of an enterprise. Whether an enterprise operates in good faith is related to its success or failure
4. Enterprises should expand their influence through mergers and acquisitions
5. Enterprises should take the initiative to take social responsibility, and advocate dedication and service to society.

5. The impact of RMB exchange rate reform on small and medium-sized export enterprises
China has begun to implement a managed floating exchange rate system based on market supply and demand, with reference to a basket of currencies. RMB is no longer pegged to the single US dollar. The implementation of this reform, from a macro point of view & quot; The reform of RMB exchange rate has far-reaching significance and attracts worldwide attention;. However, it has some negative effects on export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises, mainly in the following aspects:
the international competitiveness of export procts has declined, and the operating profit of export enterprises has decreased. RMB appreciation of 2% is bad news for us dollar settled export enterprises, whose net profit will theoretically decrease by 2%. Especially for export enterprises with large export volume. In order to encourage the export of domestic procts and enhance the international competitiveness, the procts of all countries enter the international market at the price excluding tax in principle. According to the international practice, China has always implemented the policy of tax first and then return to the export enterprises, the purpose of which is to rece the burden of enterprises and increase benefits. At present, many domestic export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises are mainly labor-intensive procts and low value-added export procts. The main advantage of their participation in international market competition is high quality in price. In order to obtain the price advantage, the profit margin of these small and medium-sized enterprises was very narrow, generally around 5% - 8%. Therefore, their ability to bear the cost pressure was limited. The appreciation of RMB directly weakens the price advantage of its procts. Coupled with the increase of proction costs caused by the rise of domestic raw material prices, the profit margin of these small and medium-sized enterprises plummets, and the competitiveness of their procts in the international market drops rapidly
foreign trade disputes have increased. After the announcement of the RMB exchange rate reform, many export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises have adopted the way of avoiding risks by negotiating with foreign customers and trying to rece losses by adjusting the price of payment for goods. However, orders from foreign customers are generally issued once a year, and fixed prices are used in the orders. Therefore, enterprises unilaterally propose to increase the prices of export procts, which foreign customers will not accept, This will lead some small and medium-sized export enterprises to take two measures for their own benefits: one is to rece the cost of procts by replacing raw materials to make up for the loss caused by the appreciation of RMB. Although this can rece the cost of enterprises in the short term and temporarily make up for the loss caused by RMB appreciation, it is likely to cause trade disputes. On the other hand, e to the simultaneous rise of raw materials and the sharp rise of proction costs, enterprises are faced with the dilemma of unprofitable and delay delivery or refuse to supply on the ground of price adjustment. This will also lead to international litigation and have a serious impact on the reputation of enterprises. In the future, it will be difficult for enterprises to export, proce and operate
the potential risk of future exchange rate changes should not be underestimated. From the perspective of China's exchange rate policy adjustment orientation, the focus of RMB appreciation this time is not on the change of exchange rate level, but on the change of exchange rate level, promoting RMB exchange rate marketization with institutional arrangements, generating the formation mechanism of RMB exchange rate marketization, and truly restoring the role of exchange rate as an economic lever. This will have an important impact on the future survival and development of some small and medium-sized enterprises which are mainly labor-intensive procts and low value-added export procts and have weak ability to resist exchange rate risk, and the resulting potential market risk is high
from the above analysis, we can see that the appreciation of RMB makes it more and more difficult for export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises with low profit margin and weak anti risk strength to survive. As a result, some enterprises will be forced to rece proction, stop proction or even go bankrupt because they can not bear the al pressure of people's appreciation and rising prices of raw materials, thus increasing the risk of credit funds of commercial banks
the Countermeasures of commercial banks to deal with the risks of small and medium-sized export enterprises
pay close attention to the operational risks of export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises. To some extent, RMB appreciation will weaken the price competitiveness of export procts and inhibit the export of procts. This kind of influence is more direct and far-reaching for the export enterprises which mainly focus on labor-intensive procts and low value-added export procts. At present, commercial banks should focus on the business risks of small and medium-sized enterprises focusing on export processing, and pay attention to shoe instry, water pump, electromechanical instry, aquatic procts, plastic procts and other instries. We should pay attention to the capital flow of these export enterprises; Pay attention to whether these enterprises collect foreign exchange normally and whether the amount of foreign exchange collected has changed; Pay attention to whether the inventory procts of these enterprises increase rapidly and whether the proct sales are smooth. Once abnormal situation is found, corresponding measures should be taken in time to prevent credit risk
strictly guard against exchange rate risk in credit business. RMB appreciation will not only bring some operational risks to export-oriented SMEs, but also bring some exchange rate operational risks to bank credit business. The main performance is as follows:
(1) the appreciation of RMB makes the pledge value of US dollar loan insufficient. According to the relevant provisions of pledge loan, the pledge loan shall not exceed 90% of the face value of the certificate of title. However, in the case of RMB appreciation, the value of the pledge that has been pledged by the US dollar certificate of deposit will actually decline, which will cause some loans to face the risk of insufficient pledge value. Therefore, it is urgent for banks to require customers with insufficient pledge value to provide additional guarantee in time. The pledge rate of the newly issued US dollar pledge loan should be appropriately reced, and the possibility of exchange rate change should be fully considered to prevent the exchange rate change from causing another insufficient pledge
(2) the risk of international financing procts has changed. Packing loan is a loan applied to the bank with the original letter of credit received by the exporter as collateral and repayment evidence. After the change of exchange rate, this part of loans may face the possibility that the amount of loans exceeds the actual value of foreign exchange collection, resulting in financing risk. Secondly, the foreign exchange payment risk of the opened import and export L / C business has changed. Whether it is import or export, because of the change of exchange rate, both sides of the trade will renegotiate the price of goods. In this process, trade disputes may arise, resulting in the payment risk of L / C. Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to the credit risk in international financing procts and appropriately increase the proportion of margin or loan guarantee units
to provide effective credit support for enterprises and enhance the ability to resist risks. The change of RMB exchange rate is an inevitable trend in the direction of marketization. Small and medium-sized enterprises should graally adapt to and be prepared to deal with the change of RMB. For commercial banks, they should pay attention to the development of export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises, take the initiative to plan for enterprises, promote their internal management, improve proction efficiency, rece proction costs, tap internal potential, and enhance anti risk ability. In addition, commercial banks should provide effective credit support, help export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises to adjust their proct structure, increase investment in science and technology, enhance proct level, implement brand strategy, and go & quot; High grade and high price & quot; The brand road of China
provide more risk aversion financial procts for enterprises. At present, in order to avoid the exchange rate risk, the export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises require banks to provide more procts and services to avoid risks. Commercial banks can adopt the following methods to meet the needs of export-oriented SMEs to avoid exchange rate risk:
first, lock-in exchange rate method. That is to say, after the export of the procts, the enterprise can sign the forward settlement and sale agreement with the bank immediately, and can make use of the financial instruments such as distant exchange and hedging provided by the bank to avoid risks< Second, foreign exchange investment law. That is, enterprises can invest in foreign government bonds, funds, foreign exchange and other financial procts through bank financial procts. We can also use foreign exchange trading, structural deposits, forward interest rate agreements and other financial instruments to achieve hedging
Third, make good use of international financing procts. For many export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises, it is also the best choice to avoid exchange rate risk to choose the business varieties of international financing procts such as Bill negotiation, export bill financing, export credit insurance financing and Forfaiting.

6. A central bank should implement a tight monetary policy to deal with inflation. We can take measures to raise the benchmark interest rate and bank deposit and loan interest rate to curb the overheated economy; At the same time, we can also take the open market operation business to collect money, such as trading securities, issuing central bank bills, etc
enterprises can hedge in the futures market to avoid risks
indivials can invest in gold, antiques and securities to avoid inflation risk and better learn to invest and manage money. Inflation or deflation is a good way to get money.

7. State owned enterprises play a very important role in China's socialist economy. With the further deepening of the reform of state-owned enterprises, Party building in enterprises is facing many new issues and challenges. We must face up to the fact that enterprises are creating economic benefits, at the same time, we should pay more attention to the important role of grass-roots party organizations in the reform and development of state-owned enterprises. The party's grass-roots organizations are the basis for our party to enhance its cohesion and combat effectiveness. In the tide of reform and restructuring of state-owned enterprises, how to give full play to the role of grass-roots party organizations in state-owned enterprises to meet the needs of establishing a modern enterprise system has become an urgent problem for grass-roots party organizations in state-owned enterprises. So, how should the grass-roots party organizations as state-owned enterprises play their role< First, clarify the understanding and correctly understand the important role of the party organization
the party constitution of the Communist Party of China stipulates that the party's grass-roots organizations are the fighting fortress of the party in the social grass-roots organizations and the basis of all the party's work and combat effectiveness. Enterprise grass-roots party organization is an important aspect of the party's grass-roots organization construction, it is in the political core position in the enterprise. Strengthening and improving the party building in enterprises and giving full play to the political core role of Party organizations are the important guarantee for the success of enterprise reform and development and the objective requirement for the establishment of modern enterprise system< However, there are new situations and contradictions in the construction of the party's grass-roots organizations in enterprises, which put forward many new issues for our party's construction. For example, some people in the society put forward that enterprises are economic organizations and should pursue the goal of maximizing profits. Party building is optional. Others believe that the party's work serves economic work, that all party work must be subordinated to administrative work, and that Party cadres must be transferred around administrative cadres. Some people even think that in enterprises, only those who do not understand the economy and business can engage in party affairs, and they have no ability to participate in the economic management of enterprises
in this regard, Party members and Party organizations should clarify their understanding and fully realize that Party organizations in enterprises are in the political core position and play a vital role in deepening reform and proction and operation activities of enterprises. The more deepening reform and economic development, the more we should give full play to the political advantage of the party and transform this advantage into market advantage and competitive advantage
the work of the party organization is subordinate to the economic work, not the person in charge of the party organization, but the administrative leadership. Therefore, it is very wrong to imagine that the construction of the party and the role of the party organization should be weakened. Especially in the process of establishing the modern enterprise system, we should clearly realize that our modern enterprise system is a modern system with Chinese characteristics, and adhering to the leadership of the party and taking public ownership as the main body are the main characteristics of Chinese socialism. After the implementation of the company system in the state-owned enterprises, the property rights of the enterprises have changed, but the basic socialist attribute of the enterprises and the socialist direction of the proction and operation activities cannot be changed; The mode of operation has changed, and the leading role of the party and the state cannot be changed; The employment and distribution system of enterprises has changed, and the guiding ideology of the working class's master status and wholeheartedly relying on the working class cannot be changed; The internal leadership system of enterprises has changed, and the political core role of Party organizations in enterprises cannot be changed. Therefore, we must fully realize the important role of the party organization in the state-owned enterprises, and constantly explore ways and methods for the party organization to play its political core role, so as to meet the needs of the new situation< Second, we should work hard, move people with emotion, and give full play to the role of Party organizations.
whether the grass-roots party organizations in state-owned enterprises can play an important role depends on whether our grass-roots party organization workers "have the heart". Under the new situation, the traditional mode of Party building has not adapted to the modern enterprise system, and the ideological situation of the staff is more complicated and diversified. Therefore, as the grass-roots party construction workers in state-owned enterprises, we must explore new methods and new modes of Party construction work under the new situation, and open up new ideas of Party construction work
first of all, study hard. On the one hand, we should strengthen theoretical study, keep up with the pace of the Party Central Committee, strengthen the study of management knowledge, management skills and leadership science, and constantly improve our comprehensive quality. On the other hand, we should work hard, give full play to the political and ideological advantages, and better promote the operation of enterprise proction and management, which requires grass-roots party organization workers to use their brains and constantly explore new ways and methods of organizational activities
secondly, we should be good at mobilizing the role of ordinary Party members. In state-owned enterprises, there are a large number of general staff and workers, so it is not easy for them to understand the ideological trends of each staff and workers. But we have a strong team of Party members, we can mobilize the strength of ordinary Party members to carry out branch work. For example, the Secretary of the branch can mobilize ordinary Party members to understand the ideological situation of the staff and the difficulties in their daily proction and life. This not only solves the problems in the work of the branch, but also gives ordinary Party members a chance to participate in democracy. It can be said that there are many ways to do so. Sometimes, in the face of a comrade with a knot in his mind, it is very difficult for an "official" such as a branch secretary to do his ideological work. He can choose ordinary Party members who have a good relationship with this comrade to do his ideological work, which can often achieve good results
thirdly, we should constantly enrich the ways and methods of Party organization activities. We should not be limited to the traditional way of learning political theory, but can carry out a variety of organizational activities. For example, we can discuss major issues in the development of enterprises and proction at the organizational life meeting, give Party members full opportunities to express their opinions, exchange their learning and proction experience with each other, and organize out study and investigation, so that they can broaden their horizons and better devote themselves to work< With the development of market economy, some bad ideas begin to flood our party members, and money worship and hedonism are becoming more and more popular in people's lives. Many party members also have such complaints: why do party members have to do dirty work? Why should a party member suffer first and enjoy second? Some party members and cadres can not resist the temptation of money and interests, and finally embark on the road of crime... The problems within the party members, in the final analysis, are that the vanguard and exemplary role of Party members has not been played. This problem has attracted the attention of many enterprise party organizations. In the actual work, our grass-roots party organization workers have also created many new Party member management modes, which are worthy of our in-depth discussion
continuous innovation in practice is an important magic weapon for state-owned enterprise party organizations to play a political core role. Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and the inexhaustible driving force of a country's prosperity. In the face of the new situation, new situation and new requirements, the party building work of state-owned enterprises should keep pace with the times and innovate constantly: first, the work ideas should be innovated, and the new ideas of playing the political core role should be formed in the face of the new situation and new problems encountered in the party building work in the process of deepening the reform of enterprises; The second is to innovate the work content, be good at grasping the key, difficult and hot issues of reform, and publicize, organize and guide the masses in the reform and development of enterprises; The third is the innovation of working methods. We should actively explore the four aspects of changing "leadership" into "service", changing "command" into "coordination", changing "decision-making" into "participation", and changing "contracting" into "maintenance", so as to summarize the ways and methods of grass-roots Party organizations to adapt to the development of modern enterprises
state owned enterprises are an important pillar of the national economy, an effective force for reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and an important foundation for our party to be in power. Strengthening the party building work in state-owned enterprises and giving full play to the political core role of Party organizations in enterprises are the internal requirements for consolidating the ruling foundation of the party and fulfilling the ruling mission of the party, as well as the foundation for building a socialist harmonious society and realizing the value preservation and appreciation of assets in state-owned enterprises. State owned enterprises have a team of high-quality party members. How can grass-roots party organizations in state-owned enterprises play a better role, In order to give full play to the vanguard and exemplary role of Party members and make contributions to the reform, development and stability of state-owned enterprises, it is an urgent problem for the grass-roots party organizations of state-owned enterprises to think and explore. With the development of the times, the grass-roots party branches of state-owned enterprises need to constantly adapt to the new situation and new tasks, create more and better working methods, and contribute to the take-off of state-owned enterprises.

8. Digital money is still regulated, and the economy is always lower than politics. It can only be small, such as Alipay's embarrassed situation. Instead, Japan launched J currency instead of paper money, China UnionPay launched virtual payment, and the influence of virtual digital currency outside the scope of supervision will be smaller and smaller.