Decentralized mean subtraction is this mean the total sample mea

1. According to Hou Jietai: the so-called centralization refers to subtracting the mean value of a variable from its expected value. For sample data, each observation value of a variable is subtracted from the sample average value of the variable, and the transformed variable is centralized
for your question, subtract the mean from each measurement.

2. Centralization is to subtract the mean and Z-score is to divide it by the standard deviation. Both of them are centralization methods.

3. Yes, subtract the mean value of the cases corresponding to the project
and then use the data after centralization to do regression, instead of centralization and aggregation

5. Dashatian passenger station, 380 meters north, walk
to
Wuxiang Jinxiang intersection, take
702 (direction of Pumiao paper mill)
to
Guangxi Sports Center, 6 stops, walk 1.1 km southeast
to
Guangxi Sports Center

6.

bus line: no.605, about 2.7km

1. Walk about 140m from Nanning railway station to the railway station (West of Chaoyang intersection in China)

2. Take no.605, after 5 stops, to Guangxi daily station

3. Walk about 240m to Guangxi exhibition hall

7. 1. The level must be above level 10 in order to equip the pickaxe, a mining tool, which can be purchased from Lana, a grocer in Canossa; 2. With pickaxes, you can go to the nitrate mine on the mainland of thunder or the island of avite to dig; 3. After entering the mine cave, you can excavate the ore. the ore is usually buried at the junction of the tunnel passage and the tunnel wall. Here's a trick. Move the mouse to the corner of the wall. When the mouse turns into a small hoe, it means there's ore there. Click the left button to start mining automatically; 4. In the mine cave, there are four kinds of ores that can be excavated, namely gold, silver, copper and iron.

8. Set up VPN.

9. The expectation of the sample mean is equal to the population mean, because the samples are identically distributed