Is decentralized network P2P
Publish: 2021-03-27 00:04:20
1. Jinwowo analyzes the decentralized peer-to-peer network of blockchain. Blockchain system is a point-to-point network. All nodes in the network jointly own and maintain all data in the system, and the damage or offline of any node will not affect the operation of the whole system. Decentralization brings greater security and stability advantages to the whole network.
2. Decentralization is idealism. Although there is no decentralized P2P platform at present, with the development of blockchain technology, there is a high probability of decentralized peer-to-peer lending in the future
centralization has the advantage of centralization, which should not be too one-sided.
centralization has the advantage of centralization, which should not be too one-sided.
3. Decentralization, the distribution and circulation of network gold, through the open-source P2P algorithm. Without issuers, it is impossible to manipulate the number of issues.
4. P2P means peer-to-peer, and P2P network is a peer-to-peer network scene, characterized by decentralization. Blockchain is a technical means for the development of P2P network. It can be simply understood that a block is an account book that records all the information generated by the whole network in a certain period of time. In the P2P network, the data exchange and synchronization between each node need huge computing power, and the block technology is born to solve this problem.
5.
The pilot and graal implementation of digital currency has aroused heated discussion in the market. Many people think that digital currency will replace mobile payment. What do you think
first of all, the development of digital currency for indivials is actually the upgrading of wallets. In the past, wallets were made of gold and silver, then paper money and credit wallets in modern times, and now they have become digital currency wallets. Digital currency wallet is the upgrade and perfection of the development of currency credit
the emergence of digital currency wallet means that personal property security has been greatly improved. Due to the traceability of digital currency, every transaction record and capital flow can find the source and direction, which can ensure the security of your wallet. In addition, mobile phone peer-to-peer payment does not need network, which also makes your daily business and consumption more convenient and simple
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6.
P2P network is peer-to-peer network / peer-to-peer computer network: it is a distributed application architecture that distributes tasks and workloads among peers, and it is a networking or network form formed by peer-to-peer computing model in the application layer
"peer" has the meaning of "peer, partner and peer" in English. Therefore, literally, P2P can be understood as peer-to-peer computing or peer-to-peer network. Some domestic media translate P2P into "peer-to-peer" or "end-to-end"
in academia, it is called peer-to-peer networking or peer-to-peer computing, which can be defined as: network participants share part of their hardware resources (processing capacity, storage capacity, network connectivity, printer, etc.), and these shared resources provide services and content through the network, It can be directly accessed by other peers without passing through intermediate entities
the participants in this network are not only the providers of resources, services and content, but also the clients of resources, services and content
extended data:
compared with client / server network, peer-to-peer network has the following advantages:
1. It can share content and resources in the central and edge areas of the network. In the client / server network, content and resources can only be shared in the central area of the network
The network composed of peers is easy to expand and more reliable than a single server. A single server will be subject to a single point of failure or become a bottleneck when the network utilization is high3. The network composed of peers can share processors and integrate computing resources to perform distributed computing tasks, rather than just relying on a single computer, such as a supercomputer
4. Users can directly access the shared resources on peer-to-peer computers. Peers in the network can share files directly on the local storage without having to share them on the central server
7. First of all, I think you should know what is P2P
P2P is the abbreviation of peer-to-peer. Peer has the same status and ability in English; Colleagues and colleagues; Partner, etc. In this way, P2P can be understood as; Partner to partner, or peer to peer networking. At present, people think that it has a bright future in enhancing people's communication, file exchange, distributed computing and so on
P2P means that people can directly connect to other users' computers and exchange files, instead of connecting to the server to browse and download as in the past. Another important feature of P2P is to change the Internet's big website centered state and return to decentralization;, And give the power back to the user
P2P seems to be very new, but just as B2C and B2B are common things in the real world transplanted to the Internet, P2P is not a new thing. In real life, we communicate face to face or by telephone according to P2P mode every day
so you just need to turn off the software you downloaded with P2P protocol, it's nothing. You can't access other people's resources, and other people can't access your computer resources. That's it
* * * * * * * *
supplement:
it may be that the pieces you put down have almost no seeds and no resources. How can you put them down? That's what we call "unpopular"
P2P means that the more people down, the faster the speed! If you have no seed, you will never be able to do it completely. Sometimes it depends on the opening hours of seeds. Some seeds are not open all day long. If you use P2P software for a long time, you will understand that it is a user to user relationship
P2P is the abbreviation of peer-to-peer. Peer has the same status and ability in English; Colleagues and colleagues; Partner, etc. In this way, P2P can be understood as; Partner to partner, or peer to peer networking. At present, people think that it has a bright future in enhancing people's communication, file exchange, distributed computing and so on
P2P means that people can directly connect to other users' computers and exchange files, instead of connecting to the server to browse and download as in the past. Another important feature of P2P is to change the Internet's big website centered state and return to decentralization;, And give the power back to the user
P2P seems to be very new, but just as B2C and B2B are common things in the real world transplanted to the Internet, P2P is not a new thing. In real life, we communicate face to face or by telephone according to P2P mode every day
so you just need to turn off the software you downloaded with P2P protocol, it's nothing. You can't access other people's resources, and other people can't access your computer resources. That's it
* * * * * * * *
supplement:
it may be that the pieces you put down have almost no seeds and no resources. How can you put them down? That's what we call "unpopular"
P2P means that the more people down, the faster the speed! If you have no seed, you will never be able to do it completely. Sometimes it depends on the opening hours of seeds. Some seeds are not open all day long. If you use P2P software for a long time, you will understand that it is a user to user relationship
8. P2P is a technology, but it is more of an idea, which has the potential to change the whole Internet foundation<
(1) the concept of P2P
P2P is the abbreviation of peer-to-peer. In English, peer has the meanings of "peer", "colleague" and "partner". In this way, P2P can be understood as "partner to partner", or peer-to-peer networking. At present, people think that it has a bright future in enhancing people's communication, file exchange, distributed computing and so on
in short, P2P directly connects people and enables people to interact directly through the Internet. P2P makes communication on the network easier, more direct sharing and interaction, and truly eliminates middlemen. P2P means that people can directly connect to other users' computers and exchange files, instead of connecting to the server to browse and download as in the past. Another important feature of P2P is to change the Internet's current big website centered state, return to "decentralization", and return power to users. P2P seems to be very new, but just as B2C and B2B transplant common things in the real world to the Internet, P2P is not new. In real life, we communicate face to face or by telephone according to P2P mode every day
even from the perspective of network, P2P is not a new concept. P2P is the foundation of the overall Internet architecture. TCP / IP, the most basic protocol of Internet, has no concept of client and server. All devices are the equal end of communication. Ten years ago, all systems on the Internet had both server and client functions. Of course, the later developed software based on TCP / IP does adopt the client / Server Structure: browser and web server, mail client and mail server. However, for servers, they are still peer-to-peer networking. Take e-mail as an example, there is not a huge and unique e-mail server on the Internet to handle all e-mails, but peer-to-peer e-mail servers cooperate with each other to send e-mails to the corresponding servers. In addition, email between users is always a peer-to-peer communication channel. Of course, but in the past five years, the development of the Internet has at least distanced itself from P2P on the surface, and most of the nodes on the Internet can not communicate directly with other nodes. Napster awakens the peer-to-peer networking that is deeply behind the Internet. Napster's file sharing function is a common thing to share directory in LAN. But Napster's success has made people realize the possibility of extending this "peer-to-peer networking" to the whole Internet. Of course, in the eyes of many people, Napster is not pure P2P, it still needs a central coordination mechanism
in fact, many existing services on the network can be classified as P2P. Instant messaging systems such as ICQ, AOL Instant Messenger, Yahoo pager, MSN Messenger from Microsoft and OICQ in China are the most popular P2P applications. They allow users to communicate and exchange information and files with each other. The information exchange between users is not direct, it needs a server in the center to coordinate. However, these systems do not have such functions as search, which are very important for a large number of information sharing. The lack of this feature may be one of the reasons why instant messaging has appeared for a long time, but it has not been able to proce such an impact as Napster
another thing that can be classified as P2P is auction websites, such as eBay. When people summarize the mode of eBay, they use C2C. Is it a bit similar to P2P? EBay is a community that connects people and trades goods. Users can easily search for goods that other users sell. EBay offers some services to make the transaction go smoothly, but the transaction is directly between users. If the concept of "transaction" is extended, C2C is a special case of P2P, where people exchange goods with each other
but if we look into it carefully, Napster and instant messaging, while giving users the ability to communicate directly and eBay allowing users to trade directly, destroy the server-side idea of peer-to-peer networking, which has existed since the beginning of the Internet, because they all need a central server to coordinate, Instead of many servers distributed in different parts of the world with peer-to-peer networking. This is exactly what Gnutella and Freenet constantly claim that they have created "pure" P2P, without P2P service of central server at all<
(2) the origin of P2P: back to the essence of the Internet
if we look back, we will find that P2P is one of the essential characteristics of the Internet at the beginning of www. People build their own web pages and make links with each other. People surf the Internet along the links. At that time, the web was the real "Web". But when Yahoo! After the establishment of search engine and portal site with Lycos, people's way of surfing the Internet has been changed, and from then on people go to one place to get all the information. Remember_ blank"& gt; Sina once said that they were "target site" mode for a period of time, but if you ask one more question, now people read one by one_ blank"& gt; Is there a concept of "net" in Sina News? The biggest problem is that these sites control the flow of information, are full of outdated information, hinder real communication, or for many people, there are too many advertisements. P2P is to return control to users. People can share files, directories and even the whole hard disk through P2P. This kind of energy is very exciting. The things that we think are the most valuable, and all people share what they think is the most valuable. This will greatly enhance the value of information on the Internet. Is there the same excitement as when www just appeared? A little bit
because each peer represents the people after him, self-organized online communities are emerging. Different from the way portal site builds community from top to bottom, people will form community spontaneously
when people join the P2P network, everyone has equal opportunities, and everyone has the opportunity to easily create "content" on the network. Of course, there are still a few people who really create or provide content on the Internet. According to statistics, only 2% of Gnutella users provide content to other users. Even in the more active Usenet, only 7% of all users post articles. However, for the first time, P2P makes all people who surf the Internet have equal opportunities<
this paper attempts to reveal the influence of P2P in three sentences:
peer to peer: the end of the read-only web
peer to peer: allowing you to participate in the Internet again
peer to peer: keeping the network away from TV Peer steering the Internet away from TV) as mentioned above, P2P is not a new idea. From some perspectives, it is even the most basic idea of the whole Internet. Let's take a moment to review
the development of the Internet is no different from the development mode of many modern cutting-edge science and technology, that is, it is first formed in the military instry, and then transferred to the civilian field. The Internet originated from a very novel strategic idea: what should we do to prevent the enemy's destructive weapons from hitting the national military command and control center? The traditional method is to try every means to keep the enemy from knowing the exact location of the center, on the other hand, to improve the ability of the center to resist attack
but in today's era of nuclear weapons, the other side has a nuclear bomb that can blow up even a planet. Once the other side's defences are attacked, they will soon disappear. As long as there is a secret, there is always a way to find out the secret, so it is not a long-term solution to rely on the location of the secret center. In this case, the U.S. military personnel give full play to the reverse thinking, thinking that since it is impossible to effectively protect the center from attack for a long time, it is better not to set up a center at all
every base and even every computer can operate independently. In this way, there are countless centers. Unless the enemy really blows up the planet, one of the bases or computers will be damaged, and other bases or computers will not continue to function. It is this idea of "decentralization" that has become the most basic concept of the Internet
however, after the emergence of many technologies, they often do not develop completely according to the original design. The server / client architecture has graally become the mainstream of the Internet, and browsing has become the most important way for people to live on the Internet. Ordinary users of the Internet seem to be slowly degenerating and passively browsing the content created by big websites like TV viewers
People's main activities on the Internet are visiting such portal sites, reading news, participating in discussion groups and chatting. But this makes a feature of the designed Internet disappear - what happens if Yahoo interrupts its service for some reason? This assumption is not easy to see, but the chaos caused by hacker attacks on major websites at the beginning of the year seems to give us a clue of association
as mentioned above, Napster and instant messaging still need servers located in the center, so a sentence on Gnutella website may express the concept of "decentralization" contained in their promotion of "pure" P2P: Gnutella is designed to survive nuclear war.
(1) the concept of P2P
P2P is the abbreviation of peer-to-peer. In English, peer has the meanings of "peer", "colleague" and "partner". In this way, P2P can be understood as "partner to partner", or peer-to-peer networking. At present, people think that it has a bright future in enhancing people's communication, file exchange, distributed computing and so on
in short, P2P directly connects people and enables people to interact directly through the Internet. P2P makes communication on the network easier, more direct sharing and interaction, and truly eliminates middlemen. P2P means that people can directly connect to other users' computers and exchange files, instead of connecting to the server to browse and download as in the past. Another important feature of P2P is to change the Internet's current big website centered state, return to "decentralization", and return power to users. P2P seems to be very new, but just as B2C and B2B transplant common things in the real world to the Internet, P2P is not new. In real life, we communicate face to face or by telephone according to P2P mode every day
even from the perspective of network, P2P is not a new concept. P2P is the foundation of the overall Internet architecture. TCP / IP, the most basic protocol of Internet, has no concept of client and server. All devices are the equal end of communication. Ten years ago, all systems on the Internet had both server and client functions. Of course, the later developed software based on TCP / IP does adopt the client / Server Structure: browser and web server, mail client and mail server. However, for servers, they are still peer-to-peer networking. Take e-mail as an example, there is not a huge and unique e-mail server on the Internet to handle all e-mails, but peer-to-peer e-mail servers cooperate with each other to send e-mails to the corresponding servers. In addition, email between users is always a peer-to-peer communication channel. Of course, but in the past five years, the development of the Internet has at least distanced itself from P2P on the surface, and most of the nodes on the Internet can not communicate directly with other nodes. Napster awakens the peer-to-peer networking that is deeply behind the Internet. Napster's file sharing function is a common thing to share directory in LAN. But Napster's success has made people realize the possibility of extending this "peer-to-peer networking" to the whole Internet. Of course, in the eyes of many people, Napster is not pure P2P, it still needs a central coordination mechanism
in fact, many existing services on the network can be classified as P2P. Instant messaging systems such as ICQ, AOL Instant Messenger, Yahoo pager, MSN Messenger from Microsoft and OICQ in China are the most popular P2P applications. They allow users to communicate and exchange information and files with each other. The information exchange between users is not direct, it needs a server in the center to coordinate. However, these systems do not have such functions as search, which are very important for a large number of information sharing. The lack of this feature may be one of the reasons why instant messaging has appeared for a long time, but it has not been able to proce such an impact as Napster
another thing that can be classified as P2P is auction websites, such as eBay. When people summarize the mode of eBay, they use C2C. Is it a bit similar to P2P? EBay is a community that connects people and trades goods. Users can easily search for goods that other users sell. EBay offers some services to make the transaction go smoothly, but the transaction is directly between users. If the concept of "transaction" is extended, C2C is a special case of P2P, where people exchange goods with each other
but if we look into it carefully, Napster and instant messaging, while giving users the ability to communicate directly and eBay allowing users to trade directly, destroy the server-side idea of peer-to-peer networking, which has existed since the beginning of the Internet, because they all need a central server to coordinate, Instead of many servers distributed in different parts of the world with peer-to-peer networking. This is exactly what Gnutella and Freenet constantly claim that they have created "pure" P2P, without P2P service of central server at all<
(2) the origin of P2P: back to the essence of the Internet
if we look back, we will find that P2P is one of the essential characteristics of the Internet at the beginning of www. People build their own web pages and make links with each other. People surf the Internet along the links. At that time, the web was the real "Web". But when Yahoo! After the establishment of search engine and portal site with Lycos, people's way of surfing the Internet has been changed, and from then on people go to one place to get all the information. Remember_ blank"& gt; Sina once said that they were "target site" mode for a period of time, but if you ask one more question, now people read one by one_ blank"& gt; Is there a concept of "net" in Sina News? The biggest problem is that these sites control the flow of information, are full of outdated information, hinder real communication, or for many people, there are too many advertisements. P2P is to return control to users. People can share files, directories and even the whole hard disk through P2P. This kind of energy is very exciting. The things that we think are the most valuable, and all people share what they think is the most valuable. This will greatly enhance the value of information on the Internet. Is there the same excitement as when www just appeared? A little bit
because each peer represents the people after him, self-organized online communities are emerging. Different from the way portal site builds community from top to bottom, people will form community spontaneously
when people join the P2P network, everyone has equal opportunities, and everyone has the opportunity to easily create "content" on the network. Of course, there are still a few people who really create or provide content on the Internet. According to statistics, only 2% of Gnutella users provide content to other users. Even in the more active Usenet, only 7% of all users post articles. However, for the first time, P2P makes all people who surf the Internet have equal opportunities<
this paper attempts to reveal the influence of P2P in three sentences:
peer to peer: the end of the read-only web
peer to peer: allowing you to participate in the Internet again
peer to peer: keeping the network away from TV Peer steering the Internet away from TV) as mentioned above, P2P is not a new idea. From some perspectives, it is even the most basic idea of the whole Internet. Let's take a moment to review
the development of the Internet is no different from the development mode of many modern cutting-edge science and technology, that is, it is first formed in the military instry, and then transferred to the civilian field. The Internet originated from a very novel strategic idea: what should we do to prevent the enemy's destructive weapons from hitting the national military command and control center? The traditional method is to try every means to keep the enemy from knowing the exact location of the center, on the other hand, to improve the ability of the center to resist attack
but in today's era of nuclear weapons, the other side has a nuclear bomb that can blow up even a planet. Once the other side's defences are attacked, they will soon disappear. As long as there is a secret, there is always a way to find out the secret, so it is not a long-term solution to rely on the location of the secret center. In this case, the U.S. military personnel give full play to the reverse thinking, thinking that since it is impossible to effectively protect the center from attack for a long time, it is better not to set up a center at all
every base and even every computer can operate independently. In this way, there are countless centers. Unless the enemy really blows up the planet, one of the bases or computers will be damaged, and other bases or computers will not continue to function. It is this idea of "decentralization" that has become the most basic concept of the Internet
however, after the emergence of many technologies, they often do not develop completely according to the original design. The server / client architecture has graally become the mainstream of the Internet, and browsing has become the most important way for people to live on the Internet. Ordinary users of the Internet seem to be slowly degenerating and passively browsing the content created by big websites like TV viewers
People's main activities on the Internet are visiting such portal sites, reading news, participating in discussion groups and chatting. But this makes a feature of the designed Internet disappear - what happens if Yahoo interrupts its service for some reason? This assumption is not easy to see, but the chaos caused by hacker attacks on major websites at the beginning of the year seems to give us a clue of association
as mentioned above, Napster and instant messaging still need servers located in the center, so a sentence on Gnutella website may express the concept of "decentralization" contained in their promotion of "pure" P2P: Gnutella is designed to survive nuclear war.
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