Deprotonation of central metals
ring the 13th Five Year Plan period, internal operation automation and intelligent service facilities and equipment will be basically realized
ring the 13th Five Year Plan period, key express delivery enterprises should basically realize internal operation automation, intelligent service facilities and equipment, and the informatization level of customer service, enterprise operation and instry management should basically reach the international advanced level. The State Post Office said that it will continue to support key enterprises to build engineering technology centers, carry out R & D and application of intelligent terminals, automatic sorting, mechanized loading and unloading, cold chain express and other technical equipment, and encourage technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises to use innovation funds to carry out technological innovation activities through loan discount and R & D funding
strengthen the application of modern information technologies such as mobile Internet, Internet of things, big data, cloud computing, virtual reality and artificial intelligence in enterprise management, market service and instry supervision According to the plan, express companies are encouraged to adopt advanced and applicable technologies and equipment to promote the R & D and application of robots, UAVs and unmanned vehicles
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future development of express:
1. Implement safety proction system and promote green development of parcel The plan points out that the three safety proction systems of receiving and sending inspection, real name receiving and sending, and on-board security inspection should be fully implemented, and the supervision and inspection on the implementation of the system should be strengthened
The plan also proposes to strengthen the personal information security management of express service users, protect consumers' privacy and safeguard consumers' rights and interests. In fact, as early as November 1, 2015, the State Post Office said as follows: except for the letters and the express of the agreement customers with the existing security mechanism, and the mail and express delivered through the independent Post Office (Intelligent express box), it is required to check the sender's telephone number and relevant identity information before receiving and sending3. The implementation of "express safety proction operation specification (yz0149-2015)" further strengthened the supervision of express safety
German researchers have discovered a difficult to observe intermediate state of oxygen proction in photosynthesis. A related research review points out that although people have been working hard to design solar energy converters for a long time, compared with natural photosynthesis, artificial solar energy systems can obtain little solar energy. A better understanding of natural processes may eventually help researchers design more efficient systems to capture solar energy. In photosynthesis, the energy for oxygen proction comes from sunlight and is catalyzed by a manganese complex that binds to the protein photosystem II. In the classical model of this process, the manganese complex experienced five oxidation states, but only four states from S0 to S3 were observed in the experiment. Michael haumann and colleagues used time-resolved X-ray experiments to monitor the proction of hydrogen peroxide in photosynthesis in real time, and they found the intermediate state S4. Contrary to previous assumptions, this state is formed by a deprotonation process rather than an electron transfer process
Protonation is a process in which atoms, molecules or ions obtain protons (H +)
The reverse process ofprotonation is deprotonation. Protonation is probably the most basic chemical reaction, which is a step in many stoichiometric and catalytic processes. Some polybasic ions and atoms can undergo multiple protonation, such as many biopolymers. After protonation of the substrate, the mass and charge of each particle increase by one unit
After protonation or deprotonation ofmolecules, many chemical properties have changed, not only limited to charge and mass, such as hydrophilicity, rection potential, optical properties and so on. In specific analytical steps, such as electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, protonation is a necessary step. Protonation and deprotonation occur in most acid-base reactions, which is the core of most acid-base reaction theories
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the difficulty of deprotonation of a molecule can be predicted by its pKa value. The stronger the acidity, the easier it is to deprotonate. The low pKa value indicates that the compound is acidic and easy to give protons to bases
The pKa ofcompounds is determined by many factors, but the most important factor is the stability of conjugated bases, that is to say, PKA is mainly determined by the ability of conjugated bases to stabilize negative charges. When the negative charge is distributed on a large surface or long chain, the negative charge is stabilized. One of the mechanisms of distributing negative charge on long chain or ring is resonance theory. The solvent also helps to stabilize the negative charge on the conjugated base
Because nitrate is an electron withdrawing group, the rection of electron density of aromatic ring after the first nitrification will inhibit the second nitrification. It must be carried out under more intense reaction conditions (such as high temperature) or stronger nitrating agent The common nitrating agents are concentrated nitric acid, fuming nitric acid, mixed acid of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid or dehydrating agent combined with nitrating agent. Dehydrating agent: concentrated sulfuric acid, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, phosphorus pentoxide, nitrating agent: nitric acid, nitrogen pentoxide (N2O5)When it comes to smartphones, it's a household name. Smart phones provide convenience for our lives. Here is a 600 Word introction to smart phones
what is a smart phone is simply a mobile device with computer computing power combined with mobile phone portable appearance and communication function; In addition to the call function of mobile phones, smart phones can also achieve rich functions such as running software, background multitasking, camera shooting video, music and video entertainment. Smart phones provide users with large enough screen size and support 4G high-speed network access, which is not only convenient to carry, but also provides basic hardware performance support for software operation and content service. The current smart phone system can support the operation of many third-party software, further expanding the scope of use of smart phones, The above are the common characteristics of most smart phones at present
what other functions does a smartphone have? The term "smart phone" mainly comes from "function phone", which does not mean how smart the phone is; From another perspective, the so-called smart phone is a small computer that can install and uninstall application software at will; Compared with previous function phones, smart phones are equipped with an intelligent system that is really similar to the operation of computers. In addition to allowing consumers to install and delete software to customize the appearance of the system, they can also allow different manufacturers to modify, upgrade and optimize the functions of the system; The system of mobile phone is independent of the hardware of mobile phone. It can be updated by brushing and OTA upgrade. In addition to the official update, baseband and other files can be combined independently. Therefore, after the release of the new system version, it can also brush into the private brush package to update the latest system version
after reading the above introction of smart phones, I believe you have a certain understanding of smart phones. We should make proper use of the benefits of mobile phones to provide convenience for our life