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Decentralized smart contract cannot be tampered with

Publish: 2021-03-26 11:06:26
1.

a brief history of etheric Classics (etc)

etheric classics began with an unfortunate event

in May 2016, the decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) held a token sale with the goal of establishing a blockchain based venture capital to fund future decentralized applications (dapps) in the Ethereum ecosystem

basically, Dao is a complex smart contract that operates in a decentralized way - computer code that automatically performs tasks between multiple parties when conditions are met

despite its ambitious goals and successful token sales, Dao's code has a major vulnerability that allows attackers to steal eth from decentralized organizations

the attacker took advantage of this vulnerability in June 2016, triggering the infamous Dao hacking event, and maliciously stole eth worth about US $50 million

there is no doubt that Dao hacking has shocked Ethereum community and made eth price drop from $20 to $13

after the Dao hacking, the Ethereum community has to choose from three options

< UL >
  • do nothing and try to bear the consequences of the attack

  • start soft bifurcation to recover funds

  • deploy a hard fork to recover the lost eth

  • both soft and hard bifurcations are significant network upgrades. However, soft fork allows users who are not upgraded to communicate with upgraded users, while hard fork is not backward compatible with previous versions

    as developers realize that deploying soft forks will expose the network to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, Ethereum community decides to initiate hard forks to recover the funds lost in Dao hacking attacks

    although this scheme is supported by most people, a small number of people in Ethereum community oppose it. They think that "code is the law" and blockchain network should be unchangeable

    the failure of both sides to reach an agreement on the solution eventually led to the fragmentation of Ethereum blockchain

    those who tried to recover the lost eth chose the hard fork and opened the Ethereum (ETH) blockchain as we know it today, while another group stayed on the original Ethereum classic (etc) chain

    what problems does ethereal classic solve

    Ethernet classic (etc) is a blockchain platform that allows developers to deploy smart contracts and dapps

    although this function is the same as Ethereum (ETH), etc blockchain has two main differences

    first of all, Ethereum classic community opposes tampering with distributed ledger and supports the view that "blockchain network cannot and should not be modified"

    secondly, although there is no rigid upper limit on the total supply of eth, it is allowed to create 230 million etc at most by adopting the monetary policy of constant supply

    as a bonus item, ethereal classic launched Atlantis hard bifurcation last year to increase the interaction with Ethereum and improve the privacy protection of transactions through ZK snarks

    the trading platforms recommended by ethereal classic etc are: Fire coin, okex, AAX, etc

    2. The core advantage of blockchain is decentralization. Through the use of encryption algorithm, tree structure and consensus mechanism, trust relationship is established in decentralized distributed network, data distributed multi node encrypted storage is realized, and an open, transparent, tamperable, verifiable and traceable technology system is created, so that each node can store certificates synchronously and supervise together, It can effectively solve the problems of poor reliability and low security in the centralized mode
    the blockchain will generate a unique fixed length string based on the hash algorithm, and store it in the network distributed ledger maintained by all of us, so as to achieve tamperable ownership records and statements. Here's an explanation: blockchain is mainly the underlying technology, and right is the concept of application layer. For the application layer of right in blockchain, it is not only to confirm rights, but also to protect rights (infringement detection / forensics, etc.) and solidify electronic evidence after discovering infringement, which is equivalent to electronic storage based on blockchain technology.
    3. Q: What is blockchain technology? A: Blockchain technology can be understood as a public accounting mechanism. It is a technical solution rather than a specific proct. The basic idea is to establish a set of public account books on the Internet, in which all users in the network keep accounts and check accounts together, so as to ensure the authenticity and non tamperability of information. The reason why it is called "blockchain" is that the structure of blockchain storage data is composed of a chain of "storage blocks" on the network. Each block contains all the information exchange data in the network within a certain period of time, and the chain continues to grow over time. Q: What is the relationship between blockchain and bitcoin? A: Bitcoin used to be one of the most successful applications of blockchain technology. Specifically, the blockchain is a series of data blocks generated by the use of cryptography Association, and each data block contains the information of effective confirmation of multiple bitcoin network transactions. It can be said that bitcoin is a "killer application" of blockchain idea. Blockchain is the underlying technology of bitcoin, but its role is not limited to bitcoin. Q: What are the technical features of blockchain? A: Based on open source software and peer-to-peer network, blockchain can bring more advantages than traditional network in currency related fields such as transaction payment. These advantages include: decentralization, no need to trust the system, disintermediation, tamper proof, encryption security. Q: How does blockchain technology improve the authenticity and non tamperability of data? A: The newly added data blocks are linearly added to the end of the original block in chronological order, which constitutes the blockchain. In this process, the data is distributed in each computer. This decentralized storage method improves the authenticity and non tamperability of the data. When a transaction occurs, users all over the world can act as regulators. If we do not recognize the legitimacy of the transaction, the transaction cannot be concluded, and the data on the blockchain is maintained by us collectively. Q: Is there any potential defect in such a brain burning "blockchain"? A: Blockchain also has some defects to be solved, such as security risks, work efficiency and resource consumption. Since the supervision of blockchain depends on all nodes in the network, theoretically speaking, if you master more than 50% of the computing power of the whole network, you will be able to successfully tamper with and forge blockchain data. Secondly, e to the distributed storage, each node in the blockchain needs to keep a database, and any transaction in the network needs to be authenticated and recorded by other nodes, so the efficiency of the system is low. Finally, because the operation of the blockchain relies on the computing power contributed by the network nodes, these computing power do not proce actual social value, so it is generally considered that these computing power resources are "wasted". Application of blockchain in various fields when blockchain technology is published, many people think it is possible to realize DAC. DAC (full name) can be translated into distributed autonomous system, which refers to an organization system that runs autonomously without intervention and management through a series of open and fair rules. DAC has many forms. It may be a digital currency, a system or an entity, or even a driverless car. This kind of organization system can provide valuable services for customers in the form of currency transfer (such as bitcoin), asset transaction, domain name service, or any other business model. Therefore, through the idea of information sharing, blockchain technology is likely to bring profound changes in cost rection and security improvement to various instries. Application scenarios that existing blockchain technology can achieve: proof of existence can be used to confirm rights in the field of Internet finance, that is, blockchain can really realize "proving your mother is your mother". The smart contract guarantees the validity of the contract, such as the generation required by the electronic signature law; Reliability of methods for storing or transmitting data messages; The reliability of the method of maintaining content integrity; The reliability of the method used to identify the sender. The blockchain of the Internet of things can solve the problem of the coding standard interaction interface of the Internet of things. When an e-signature is signed by identity verification, the signature data is only under the exclusive control of the signer. Any changes to the e-signature after signing can be found, and any changes to the content and form of the data message after signing can also be found. The market forecasting community, August, is an example. Anyone can access and use August anywhere in the world, which may bring unprecedented liquidity and trading volume to the market. Asset trading NASDAQ OMX Group Inc is testing blockchain technology, which NASDAQ believes has the opportunity to transform traditional financial trading methods into bitcoin like ones. The bitcoin mode of e-commerce can be applied directly. Is it possible for e-commerce to become a "harmonious" market without supervision? Social news magmavc has invested $400000 in getgems (formerly known as gems), a start-up project for decentralized social communications applications. File storage directly impacts and even subverts the traditional cloud computing architecture. Chain, a data API blockchain API service provider, has received a $9.5 million investment led by Khosla ventures. Wall Street's financial companies are investing in blockchain and seizing the beach. Visa, NASDAQ and Citigroup also invested in chain, an old Jinshan blockchain start-up, with a financing amount of US $30 million. In the financial field, what can blockchain do? Specifically, in the financial field, in addition to providing a trading platform for bitcoin, Jiuding investment believes that blockchain technology can also greatly improve various asset trading systems other than the existing digital currency. For example, it plays an important role in the post transaction market proceres such as the liquidation and settlement of financial derivatives, foreign exchange, private equity, energy credit linked investment procts and other assets. In terms of speed, the time required for settlement audit in the U.S. securities market is 2 to 3 days. The application of blockchain technology is expected to rece the settlement audit time from hour level to minute level or even second level, thus recing the settlement risk by 99%, and recing the capital cost and system risk. In the blockchain, transaction confirmation and settlement are carried out at the same time. After the node transaction is confirmed by the system, it is automatically written into the distributed ledger, and the corresponding distributed ledgers of all other nodes are updated at the same time. The automatic operation mechanism can greatly shorten the settlement cycle. In terms of expenses, under the current settlement mechanism, in order to achieve a shorter settlement cycle, it is necessary to increase the settlement cost and initial investment expenses significantly. The emergence of blockchain technology makes it possible to rece the settlement cycle more efficiently and quickly, and rece the transaction intermediate proceres, so as to save a lot of money, which is the market space of the related blockchain instry. In terms of security, the integration of blockchain technology into smart contract technology can process complex derivatives transactions programmatically, making clearing more standardized and automated. The time linear stacking feature of the block itself can help the regulators identify and discover illegal operations. At the same time, the smart contract can change the compliance inspection into automation and minimize the possibility of violation from the beginning of liquidation. The 24-hour uninterrupted operation of blockchain technology can also make the data exchange processing of Pan state exchange more stable and reliable. In addition to securities transaction settlement, blockchain can also be used to register and issue digital asset ownership. Blockchain technology can greatly enhance program automation, while smart contract can write many complex derivatives trading terms into the registration and issuance program supported by blockchain technology. When a transaction occurs, blockchain network can quickly and correctly execute. In November 2015, LINQ, a new blockchain technology project cooperated by Nasdaq and chain, has completed the first private equity transaction using the blockchain based issuance and trading platform. The application prospect of blockchain in the field of accounting has also attracted the attention of a large number of people in the instry. Accounting, auditing and compilation cost a lot for global enterprises and the four accounting firms. Automatic accounting based on blockchain technology can greatly rece the relevant costs. The company does not need to recruit special auditors to audit the account book, and all transactions can be stored in the internal blockchain. Due to the irreversibility and time stamp function of the blockchain, the external auditors and regulators of the four major accounting firms can monitor the company's account books in real time by tracking these blockchains. At the same time, the institutions can greatly rece the dependence on the auditors to audit financial transactions and make the audit business more efficient. With the increasing maturity and application expansion of blockchain technology, blockchain start-ups in developed countries have sprung up. At present, the world's leading blockchain companies generally focus on transaction, payment, clearing, Internet of things and other pain point businesses. Some companies have achieved a certain scale, and have developed a relatively clear business model. At the same time, many companies have extended their business in the blockchain instrial chain, covering payment, transaction, risk control, etc., making full use of the multi-point coordination effect. At present, Jiuding investment is also focusing on the projects and applications of various blockchain technologies.
    4. "One of the important reasons why the working theory of smart contracts has not been realized is the lack of digital systems and technologies that can support programmable contracts. The emergence of blockchain technology solves this problem. It can not only support programmable contracts, but also has the advantages of decentralization, non tampering, transparent and traceable process, so it is naturally suitable for smart contracts. Therefore, it can also be said that smart contract is one of the characteristics of blockchain technology "
    the smart contract based on blockchain technology can not only give play to the advantages of smart contract in cost efficiency, but also avoid the interference of malicious behavior on the normal execution of the contract. The smart contract is written into the blockchain in digital form, and the characteristics of blockchain technology ensure that the whole process of storage, reading and execution is transparent, traceable and tamperable. At the same time, a set of state machine system is constructed by the consensus algorithm of the blockchain, so that the intelligent contract can run efficiently.
    5.

    bus line: No.5, the whole journey is about 24.8km

    1. Take No.5 from Chengde railway station, pass 45 stations, and reach Guoshan community station (or take No.15)

    2. Walk about 710m to Chengde Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd

    6. For example:
    you bet with a friend that tomorrow's weather forecast is accurate or not. If you bet 20 yuan, you bet, he bet. Then the next day, the weather is exactly the same as the weather forecast, so he should pay you 20 yuan, but your friend cheat, is not to pay the 20 yuan, the result is you have no way
    how to deal with it? In order to ensure that your gambling can be normal, you find a trusted intermediary, and you put each 20 yuan into the intermediary, which is OK
    but the next day, the intermediary was in a dilemma, because the weather forecast was cloudy, but there were not many clouds in the sky. At this time, you think this kind of weather is cloudy, while your friends think this kind of weather is not cloudy, and the intermediary is also a person. So there was another problem in judging whether the weather met the conditions of yesterday's weather forecast
    after the last quarrel, the intermediary decides that half of the weather is cloudy, and you win the bet. When you are about to give you 40 yuan, you find that you have no money with you, so you have to wait until the next day to give you the money
    so you see, traditional contracts are affected by various dimensions, such as automation dimension, subjective and objective dimension, cost dimension, execution time dimension, default penalty dimension, scope of application dimension, etc
    smart contract solves these problems to a great extent
    you only need to specify the contract content in advance, and the program will automatically execute the contract content when the contract condition is triggered
    for example, you stipulate that the contract content is to judge whether the weather is the same as the weather forecast at 12 noon tomorrow. If it is cloudy, more than half of the clouds will be considered cloudy, otherwise it will not be considered cloudy. When the contract is executed at 12 noon the next day, if you win, the money will automatically be paid to your account. Everything is settled
    the examples are relatively simple, but you can understand some problems that smart contracts can solve
    smart contract and blockchain
    "one of the important reasons why the working theory of smart contract has not been realized is the lack of digital systems and technologies that can support programmable contracts. The emergence of blockchain technology solves this problem. It can not only support programmable contracts, but also has the advantages of decentralization, non tampering, transparent and traceable process, so it is naturally suitable for smart contracts. Therefore, it can also be said that smart contract is one of the characteristics of blockchain technology "
    excerpt from:" blockchain: from digital currency to credit society "
    some friends may ask, young master Jiu, the smart contract you mentioned above is just a code for judging conditions. Now many guarantee websites or systems are the same. For example, the transaction process of Taobao is that the buyer pays into the system, and then the seller delivers the goods. When the buyer receives the goods, the system calls the seller. Isn't that a long time ago
    the characteristics of blockchain are as follows:
    data can not be deleted or modified, but can only be added, which ensures the traceability of history. At the same time, the cost of doing evil will be very high, because its evil behavior will be forever recorded
    decentralized, avoiding the influence of centralized factors
    and the payment guarantee system like Taobao mentioned above is still centralized, Whether the contract is just or executed normally also depends on the center. If the center wants to do evil, we still have no way
    the smart contract based on blockchain technology can not only give full play to the advantages of smart contract in cost efficiency, but also avoid the interference of malicious behavior on the normal execution of the contract. The smart contract is written into the blockchain in digital form, and the characteristics of blockchain technology ensure that the whole process of storage, reading and execution is transparent, traceable and tamperable. At the same time, a set of state machine system is constructed by the consensus algorithm of the blockchain, so that the intelligent contract can run efficiently.
    7. It's useless to just delete, because there is no solution to the vulnerability
    the suggestion is to redo the system, and then find the guardian God to reinforce the system security for you, so as to completely plug the loopholes.
    8. Find the process, then find his file path, kill the process, delete the file
    in addition, find other suspicious processes to avoid viruses having daemons or other hidden processes
    9. Decentralized organization Dao launched smart contract for the world! Support 100% open source in github.io, true decentralization, 100% contract on the chain, intelligent constraints
    start a 100% free on chain game! 100% fair
    Plato world, in the name of trust, the coin circle opens the circle revolution< No server, no domain name, no app, no backstage, no customer service, no operator
    all programs are built on Ethereum smart contracts and can only participate through formal Ethereum wallets such as imtoken
    ② funds are safe. All funds are in the contract (non personal address), and no indivial or organization can use the funds without permission. Only when the contract conditions are reached can the proceeds be automatically distributed according to the contract. And all the information on the chain is completely fair, just, open and transparent, and can't be tampered with
    ③ there is no need to register with mobile phone / email or ID card, as long as there is a decentralized Ethernet wallet address, you can participate in the game, and there is no leakage of any private information, and there is no security risk
    ④ cash at any time, and the smart contract on the chain is processed, No one, no organization approval required
    ⑤ never shut down the network, run on the chain, and no background management< (6) business logic is closely linked, dynamic and static distribution is reasonable, large and small reward pools promote, global shareholders are determined by quantitative performance, transparent and profiteering, lasting and stable

    how to participate
    ① with imtoken 2.0, trustwallet, wheat, and other decentralized wallets, you can participate without additional registration< (2) exchange purchases eth or wallet stores eth; (3) exchange eth for tickets (PLT): tickets are 1 / 10 of the amount of money involved in the game<
    4 login portal (block browser of major decentralized wallets)
    ten highlights of mode innovation
    1 Ethereum smart contract, true decentralization
    2 fair, open, transparent, tamper proof
    3 everyone has the opportunity to participate in enjoying the global performance branch
    4 PLT destruction mechanism, with increasing value
    5 low threshold investment, With the static exit of xiaoboda
    6, the exit account re investment adds infinite circulation
    7 eth in and out security, there is no centralized control
    8 big prize pool business model, never collapse
    9 small prize pool winning amount, everyone has the opportunity
    10 Ethernet wallet address registration account, security protection

    the era of real blockchain + smart contract has come!
    10. It is not recommended that the mining efficiency is too low, and it is difficult to recover the cost of electricity consumption.
    others dig with professional mining machines, which are specially used for mining, and the cost performance is much higher than yours.
    even if you dig, the machine will work at full load. If you don't use a good cooling environment, it will aggravate the loss of the machine.
    it's better to keep doing something better to make money.
    if you don't use a good cooling environment, it will aggravate the loss of the machine If you really want to mine, you can contact me. I think cloud mining is good.
    however, you must be prepared for disastrous losses when entering the market. Bitcoin fluctuates too much against RMB and may fall by half at any time.
    now bitcoin price is hard to rise again. If you can't bear such risks, don't enter the market.
    is there any problem? Please accept
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