Explain computational power
Publish: 2021-03-24 03:42:04
1. How to improve primary school students' mathematical calculation ability
Ningxia Bowen primary school
Tian Xiaojuan
calculation is an important basic knowledge in primary school mathematics,
whether students' calculation ability is strong or not is directly related to their interest in learning mathematics. The calculation ability of primary school students mainly shows whether the calculation is correct,
fast and flexible,
that is to say,
"right,
fast,
clever"
. How to improve students' computing ability? Let's talk about some of my humble opinions, please
teachers give advice:
first, create an exciting environment, cultivate quality, let students say:
"I can do it"
<
"interest is the best teacher"
,
I think teachers should create a certain teaching situation,
let students explore new knowledge with a strong thirst for knowledge,
make the dry computing teaching lively
interesting, establish students' self-confidence, and make students happy to learn and do, Let the students say:
"I can do it"
explain typical examples of Chinese and foreign mathematicians or short stories related to classroom teaching content to stimulate students' interest. For example: before teaching simple operation, I first explained mathematics to the students and creatively answered "
1 + 2 + 3 +
&" 8222&# 8222;
+ 99 + 100
"this
story of the sum of
100
natural numbers creates a good learning situation for students and stimulates their interest in learning mathematics. Students do not consciously have the idea of comparing with mathematicians< As a result,
students are more serious than before in examining the questions,
they are more careful in analyzing the characteristics of the questions, and they can flexibly use the relevant laws and rules to find out the rules of solving the problems, thus enhancing their interest in learning<
according to the characteristics of pupils' inattention,
instability,
vulnerable to the influence of external and some internal factors,
teachers should reasonably arrange the time and quantity of practice,
adopt the method of
"short time,
small amount and many times" to avoid students' fatigue and boredom, So that the students' attention
can be stably concentrated on the exercise object, so as to ensure the accuracy of the calculation
in view of the fact that primary school students are afraid of difficulties when they see difficult problems and simple calculation problems, I adopt the method of "one problem every day"
,
"finding a home for difficult problems"
,
"who is the ever victorious general"
,
"my solution is the most peculiar -
one problem
multiple solutions" to encourage students to conquer difficult problems and overcome difficulties in competition, Cultivate good quality of
will<
ring the implementation of the above methods,
I asked each student to design a statistical chart and record their own scores; Each group designed a statistical chart to record the group's achievements, regular evaluation and
praise. In this way, it not only improves students' computing ability, but also cultivates students' competition and team spirit< Second, comprehensive guidance and reasonable training, so that students can say:
"I can do it too"
1
, comprehensive guidance
(
1
) let students fully "speak"
, and combine operation with language. Change the past calculation
teaching is the student's "calculation" method, let the students fully "say"
,
say their thinking
process, and give appropriate guidance
,
give students good thinking methods< At the same time, teachers and students should pay attention to
,
, and combine operation with language
,
strengthen students' intuitive understanding, effectively develop students' thinking
.
for example,
:
when teaching carry addition within
20,
,
let students fully "
speak at the same time
,
while doing
,
while thinking
,
let students experience the process of "gathering ten"
.
(
2
)
, advocate estimation
,
make students' intuitive thinking active, and then improve their ability of calculation
<
2
, reasonable training
(
1
)
practice oral arithmetic every day. Use
5
minutes every day to strengthen students' oral arithmetic training
,
single item calculation
should be focused on according to the situation that students master,
for the points that students are difficult to master and easy to make mistakes, we should focus on
practice. There are various forms of practice,
,
for example,
:
winning the red flag, confrontation race, relay race, oral arithmetic tour, etc
(
2
) contrast exercises. In teaching,
,
I put the confusing and fallible topics together, let the students
distinguish and compare, through purposeful exercises,
,
make the students correct their mistakes, so as to improve their discrimination ability, and timely evaluate their homework and correct their mistakes
(
3
) error correction exercises. The teacher intentionally wrote out the typical mistakes in the students' homework on the blackboard and asked the students to point out the mistakes, explain the causes of the mistakes and correct them. Teachers should timely
find out the problems in students' homework, collect the wrong questions
,
regularly have a class to correct the mistakes, let
students consult
,
be a "wrong doctor"
, and practice repeatedly, so as to suit the remedy to the case<
Third, overcome carelessness
,
cultivate habits
,
let students say
:
"I really can do it"
.
from teaching practice, I summed up:
lack of serious learning attitude and good learning habits,
is the main reason for errors in mathematics
learning
therefore,
we must pay attention to the cultivation of good calculation habits, so that students can develop a serious and meticulous learning attitude. Teachers must start from little by little, and strictly require students. For errors caused by carelessness in students' homework,
we must not tolerate them, and we must not let students have problems caused by carelessness, It is necessary to establish the idea of "can do the problem must not be wrong"
1
, pay attention to writing. Students are required to write Arabic numerals and operational symbols carefully according to the format,
writing should be correct, so as to effectively avoid the occurrence of "wrong reading". Teachers should take the lead in
fan
,
have clear requirements for students
,
homework design should be careful
,
to avoid students' coping psychology
2
, clear examination. In my opinion, this is the first condition for correct calculation.
,
to examine numbers and
symbols, and to observe the relationship between them<
we should also examine the order of calculation,
make clear what should be calculated first,
what should be calculated later,
,
if it can be simple,
,
we should know well before doing the questions.
Ningxia Bowen primary school
Tian Xiaojuan
calculation is an important basic knowledge in primary school mathematics,
whether students' calculation ability is strong or not is directly related to their interest in learning mathematics. The calculation ability of primary school students mainly shows whether the calculation is correct,
fast and flexible,
that is to say,
"right,
fast,
clever"
. How to improve students' computing ability? Let's talk about some of my humble opinions, please
teachers give advice:
first, create an exciting environment, cultivate quality, let students say:
"I can do it"
<
"interest is the best teacher"
,
I think teachers should create a certain teaching situation,
let students explore new knowledge with a strong thirst for knowledge,
make the dry computing teaching lively
interesting, establish students' self-confidence, and make students happy to learn and do, Let the students say:
"I can do it"
explain typical examples of Chinese and foreign mathematicians or short stories related to classroom teaching content to stimulate students' interest. For example: before teaching simple operation, I first explained mathematics to the students and creatively answered "
1 + 2 + 3 +
&" 8222&# 8222;
+ 99 + 100
"this
story of the sum of
100
natural numbers creates a good learning situation for students and stimulates their interest in learning mathematics. Students do not consciously have the idea of comparing with mathematicians< As a result,
students are more serious than before in examining the questions,
they are more careful in analyzing the characteristics of the questions, and they can flexibly use the relevant laws and rules to find out the rules of solving the problems, thus enhancing their interest in learning<
according to the characteristics of pupils' inattention,
instability,
vulnerable to the influence of external and some internal factors,
teachers should reasonably arrange the time and quantity of practice,
adopt the method of
"short time,
small amount and many times" to avoid students' fatigue and boredom, So that the students' attention
can be stably concentrated on the exercise object, so as to ensure the accuracy of the calculation
in view of the fact that primary school students are afraid of difficulties when they see difficult problems and simple calculation problems, I adopt the method of "one problem every day"
,
"finding a home for difficult problems"
,
"who is the ever victorious general"
,
"my solution is the most peculiar -
one problem
multiple solutions" to encourage students to conquer difficult problems and overcome difficulties in competition, Cultivate good quality of
will<
ring the implementation of the above methods,
I asked each student to design a statistical chart and record their own scores; Each group designed a statistical chart to record the group's achievements, regular evaluation and
praise. In this way, it not only improves students' computing ability, but also cultivates students' competition and team spirit< Second, comprehensive guidance and reasonable training, so that students can say:
"I can do it too"
1
, comprehensive guidance
(
1
) let students fully "speak"
, and combine operation with language. Change the past calculation
teaching is the student's "calculation" method, let the students fully "say"
,
say their thinking
process, and give appropriate guidance
,
give students good thinking methods< At the same time, teachers and students should pay attention to
,
, and combine operation with language
,
strengthen students' intuitive understanding, effectively develop students' thinking
.
for example,
:
when teaching carry addition within
20,
,
let students fully "
speak at the same time
,
while doing
,
while thinking
,
let students experience the process of "gathering ten"
.
(
2
)
, advocate estimation
,
make students' intuitive thinking active, and then improve their ability of calculation
<
2
, reasonable training
(
1
)
practice oral arithmetic every day. Use
5
minutes every day to strengthen students' oral arithmetic training
,
single item calculation
should be focused on according to the situation that students master,
for the points that students are difficult to master and easy to make mistakes, we should focus on
practice. There are various forms of practice,
,
for example,
:
winning the red flag, confrontation race, relay race, oral arithmetic tour, etc
(
2
) contrast exercises. In teaching,
,
I put the confusing and fallible topics together, let the students
distinguish and compare, through purposeful exercises,
,
make the students correct their mistakes, so as to improve their discrimination ability, and timely evaluate their homework and correct their mistakes
(
3
) error correction exercises. The teacher intentionally wrote out the typical mistakes in the students' homework on the blackboard and asked the students to point out the mistakes, explain the causes of the mistakes and correct them. Teachers should timely
find out the problems in students' homework, collect the wrong questions
,
regularly have a class to correct the mistakes, let
students consult
,
be a "wrong doctor"
, and practice repeatedly, so as to suit the remedy to the case<
Third, overcome carelessness
,
cultivate habits
,
let students say
:
"I really can do it"
.
from teaching practice, I summed up:
lack of serious learning attitude and good learning habits,
is the main reason for errors in mathematics
learning
therefore,
we must pay attention to the cultivation of good calculation habits, so that students can develop a serious and meticulous learning attitude. Teachers must start from little by little, and strictly require students. For errors caused by carelessness in students' homework,
we must not tolerate them, and we must not let students have problems caused by carelessness, It is necessary to establish the idea of "can do the problem must not be wrong"
1
, pay attention to writing. Students are required to write Arabic numerals and operational symbols carefully according to the format,
writing should be correct, so as to effectively avoid the occurrence of "wrong reading". Teachers should take the lead in
fan
,
have clear requirements for students
,
homework design should be careful
,
to avoid students' coping psychology
2
, clear examination. In my opinion, this is the first condition for correct calculation.
,
to examine numbers and
symbols, and to observe the relationship between them<
we should also examine the order of calculation,
make clear what should be calculated first,
what should be calculated later,
,
if it can be simple,
,
we should know well before doing the questions.
2. Through the process of assimilation, absorb new knowledge and focus on the core concept. Use the formed core concept and construct the framework of teaching content
1, expand the connotation and extension of the core concept
(3) introce the experiment into the classroom to form students' own explanation
3. Focus on the core concept and choose teaching strategies reasonably
(1) cognitive conflict, To construct core concepts independently
(2) to postpone concepts and design teaching plans carefully
(1) to examine the structure and content of teaching materials, understand problems in new situations, focus on core concepts, and refine core concepts reflected in the essence of things
(2) to transform core concepts with high consistency into concepts that are easy for students to understand and master, and turn images into concrete, Improve students' scientific literacy
2. Teachers infiltrate core concepts through basic facts in Teaching
2
1, expand the connotation and extension of the core concept
(3) introce the experiment into the classroom to form students' own explanation
3. Focus on the core concept and choose teaching strategies reasonably
(1) cognitive conflict, To construct core concepts independently
(2) to postpone concepts and design teaching plans carefully
(1) to examine the structure and content of teaching materials, understand problems in new situations, focus on core concepts, and refine core concepts reflected in the essence of things
(2) to transform core concepts with high consistency into concepts that are easy for students to understand and master, and turn images into concrete, Improve students' scientific literacy
2. Teachers infiltrate core concepts through basic facts in Teaching
2
3. In mathematics teaching, the accuracy of students' calculation has always been the main problem affecting students' performance. Many students always think that calculation problems are much easier than analytical application problems, and they have a solid knowledge of some rules and laws, so calculation is easy. Therefore, they are overconfident or unable to concentrate in calculation, and the results are full of mistakes, I pay special attention to the calculation practice. Strengthen the calculation practice, improve the calculation ability, so as to improve the performance of 20% of the students. In junior high school mathematics teaching, the topics related to the calculation content account for more than 55% of a test paper, Effectively improving the accuracy of calculation is a very important aspect of junior high school mathematics teaching.
the significance and importance of calculation.
1. Calculation is the cornerstone of learning mathematics. Mastering calculation opens the door to the kingdom of mathematics. In teaching practice, there is such a phenomenon: although many students master the calculation method, they often make mistakes in calculation, The accuracy rate of calculation is very low. It not only directly affects the learning effect of word problems and application problems, but also seriously hinders the improvement of students' mathematics performance. Therefore, we must improve the accuracy rate of students' calculation. 2. Number and calculation will accompany one's whole life. A person needs to learn all the mathematics knowledge when he is an alt in middle school, Second, the reasons for the low accuracy rate of calculation.
1. When students analyze the causes of wrong questions, they often make mistakes, such as "reading wrong questions and ing wrong ones", "writing scribbled and ambiguous", "not making draft when calculating, adding or subtracting one digit leads to wrong whole questions", It seems that most of the reasons are as follows: & quot; Carelessness & quot; What is the cause of "carelessness"? There are only two aspects: one is that students' psychological quality is not mature enough, the other is that they have not formed good study habits. Therefore, cultivating students' good study habits is not only the requirement of quality ecation, but also the premise of improving the calculation accuracy.
2. At the same time, some students' calculation accuracy is not very high, It also reflects that the computing ability of these students needs to be improved (for example, they are not familiar with multiplication formula, carry addition and so on); It may lack a good habit of calculation, such as the habit of checking calculation. Many students ignore the role of "estimation" in calculation. This may have something to do with our usual teaching practice.
Third, measures to improve the accuracy of calculation, It is very necessary to correct the calculation errors and improve the accuracy of calculation to cultivate students' good learning attitude and calculation habits, and then improve the quality of teaching.
2. Do a good job of demonstration and teaching by words and deeds. The teacher is the example of students. In class, the board performance is in line with the norms, so as to achieve both oral and personal teaching, Teachers who require students to do it must do it first.
3. Encourage and persevere constantly. It takes a long time to form a good habit of calculation. To make the strict requirements persist, students must be encouraged to recognize the strict requirements of teachers and keep a lasting interest in implementing the calculation specifications, Students: 1, in accordance with the general order of calculation. Make clear the meaning of the problem, observe the characteristics of the problem, determine the order of calculation. 2, to develop a good habit of serious calculation. Clear data, draft in accordance with a certain order. 3, can not blindly pursue high speed. Rather slow than wrong, rather less than excessive.
4, specific methods:
1, strict calculation process, Standardizing the calculation of draft is the guarantee to improve the accuracy of calculation. Students are required to have standard calculation format, neat and correct writing, and neat homework and test papers. Draft is a necessary means for correct mathematical calculation, and many calculation errors are caused by Scribble and disorder of draft. In teaching, draft also requires students to write neatly and orderly, and try to do oral calculation as much as possible, Students are required to make a draft according to their usual requirements. The paper can be folded in half, and the draft should correspond to the questions. This is concive to students' self review in an orderly way, and there is no need to spend more time rewriting the draft. It saves time and effort to check directly. It is concive to cultivating students' rigorous, meticulous, honest and serious homework habits, overcoming the bad habit of scribbling and littering drafts, and helping teachers find and analyze the causes of errors, To help students to correct and control the future teaching.
2. To make students form a good habit of calculation, we must be strict, careful and persistent; If there are nonstandard calculation errors in the test, we should give detailed comments and teach methods in class; Students with repeated errors should be given a "small stove". Self check and mutual check should be carried out on the implementation of calculation specifications, so as to cultivate students' rigorous style of study from time to time and everywhere. At the beginning, students should correct drafts in detail as they do homework, and students should correct mistakes in drafts seriously. When students graally develop the habit, they should change detailed ones into simple ones, and simple ones into random ones, To sum up, the formation of good calculation habits of students, first, strict requirements, strict training. Second, to teach students some methods to make calculation correct and effective. Third, to actively ecate and encourage students to establish the confidence that they will be able to calculate correctly in psychology, and strive to calculate correctly in behavior, Will be able to promote students to improve the accuracy of calculation
the significance and importance of calculation.
1. Calculation is the cornerstone of learning mathematics. Mastering calculation opens the door to the kingdom of mathematics. In teaching practice, there is such a phenomenon: although many students master the calculation method, they often make mistakes in calculation, The accuracy rate of calculation is very low. It not only directly affects the learning effect of word problems and application problems, but also seriously hinders the improvement of students' mathematics performance. Therefore, we must improve the accuracy rate of students' calculation. 2. Number and calculation will accompany one's whole life. A person needs to learn all the mathematics knowledge when he is an alt in middle school, Second, the reasons for the low accuracy rate of calculation.
1. When students analyze the causes of wrong questions, they often make mistakes, such as "reading wrong questions and ing wrong ones", "writing scribbled and ambiguous", "not making draft when calculating, adding or subtracting one digit leads to wrong whole questions", It seems that most of the reasons are as follows: & quot; Carelessness & quot; What is the cause of "carelessness"? There are only two aspects: one is that students' psychological quality is not mature enough, the other is that they have not formed good study habits. Therefore, cultivating students' good study habits is not only the requirement of quality ecation, but also the premise of improving the calculation accuracy.
2. At the same time, some students' calculation accuracy is not very high, It also reflects that the computing ability of these students needs to be improved (for example, they are not familiar with multiplication formula, carry addition and so on); It may lack a good habit of calculation, such as the habit of checking calculation. Many students ignore the role of "estimation" in calculation. This may have something to do with our usual teaching practice.
Third, measures to improve the accuracy of calculation, It is very necessary to correct the calculation errors and improve the accuracy of calculation to cultivate students' good learning attitude and calculation habits, and then improve the quality of teaching.
2. Do a good job of demonstration and teaching by words and deeds. The teacher is the example of students. In class, the board performance is in line with the norms, so as to achieve both oral and personal teaching, Teachers who require students to do it must do it first.
3. Encourage and persevere constantly. It takes a long time to form a good habit of calculation. To make the strict requirements persist, students must be encouraged to recognize the strict requirements of teachers and keep a lasting interest in implementing the calculation specifications, Students: 1, in accordance with the general order of calculation. Make clear the meaning of the problem, observe the characteristics of the problem, determine the order of calculation. 2, to develop a good habit of serious calculation. Clear data, draft in accordance with a certain order. 3, can not blindly pursue high speed. Rather slow than wrong, rather less than excessive.
4, specific methods:
1, strict calculation process, Standardizing the calculation of draft is the guarantee to improve the accuracy of calculation. Students are required to have standard calculation format, neat and correct writing, and neat homework and test papers. Draft is a necessary means for correct mathematical calculation, and many calculation errors are caused by Scribble and disorder of draft. In teaching, draft also requires students to write neatly and orderly, and try to do oral calculation as much as possible, Students are required to make a draft according to their usual requirements. The paper can be folded in half, and the draft should correspond to the questions. This is concive to students' self review in an orderly way, and there is no need to spend more time rewriting the draft. It saves time and effort to check directly. It is concive to cultivating students' rigorous, meticulous, honest and serious homework habits, overcoming the bad habit of scribbling and littering drafts, and helping teachers find and analyze the causes of errors, To help students to correct and control the future teaching.
2. To make students form a good habit of calculation, we must be strict, careful and persistent; If there are nonstandard calculation errors in the test, we should give detailed comments and teach methods in class; Students with repeated errors should be given a "small stove". Self check and mutual check should be carried out on the implementation of calculation specifications, so as to cultivate students' rigorous style of study from time to time and everywhere. At the beginning, students should correct drafts in detail as they do homework, and students should correct mistakes in drafts seriously. When students graally develop the habit, they should change detailed ones into simple ones, and simple ones into random ones, To sum up, the formation of good calculation habits of students, first, strict requirements, strict training. Second, to teach students some methods to make calculation correct and effective. Third, to actively ecate and encourage students to establish the confidence that they will be able to calculate correctly in psychology, and strive to calculate correctly in behavior, Will be able to promote students to improve the accuracy of calculation
4. Research on how to improve the ability of mathematics calculation in primary school. But in the course of this year, I deeply realized that if a child's computing ability is not strong, it will have a great impact on the child's overall math performance. So in the usual teaching, we should pay attention to the cultivation of students' computing ability. But how to cultivate students' computing ability? I would like to express my opinion:
first, master the "addition and subtraction method within 10" and "addition and subtraction method within 20". As a key starting stage, elementary learning of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division will have a profound impact on students' further learning. Teaching practice tells us that any complex problem is composed of a simple problem. Whether it's two digit multiplication and division, or two digit multiplication and division, or three digit, or other more complex calculation problems, their basis is "addition and subtraction within 10", "addition and subtraction within 20" and "99 multiplication formula". If these basic knowledge is not up to the standard and can't reach the level of blurting out without thinking, it will affect the later complex operation and reasoning. If you don't have a good command of "addition and subtraction within 10", "addition and subtraction within 20" and "nine nine multiplication formula", you will not be able to calculate quickly and accurately in the middle and senior grades< Second, strengthen the training of oral arithmetic ability Primary school mathematics syllabus pointed out: "to cultivate students' computational ability, we should pay attention to the basic training of oral arithmetic. Oral arithmetic is not only the basis of written arithmetic, estimation and simple calculation, but also an important part of computational ability."
only when the ability of oral calculation is strong, can the speed of written calculation be accelerated and the accuracy of calculation be improved. The teaching content of lower grades is relatively less. The teacher can time the children in class and let them do it. At this time, the students' attention is very focused, and it will also effectively improve the students' computing speed. It can also take the form of competition to read and calculate, which can often mobilize the enthusiasm of students, but this requires the teacher to have a clear idea of each child's level. Oral arithmetic is not only to time, more important is to give children to see right and wrong, for those who can test within the specified time to give a certain reward in time, cause students to pay attention to oral arithmetic, so as to improve the ability of oral arithmetic< Third, we should pay attention to the accumulation of wrong questions.
students' learning is a process of repeated understanding and practice, and mistakes are always inevitable. Especially for the younger students, the knowledge they just learned is easy to forget. Therefore, teachers should timely understand the problems existing in students' calculation, deeply analyze the causes of their calculation errors, and carry out targeted teaching. Teachers should focus on the analysis of the reasons for the wrong questions according to the person and the topic. Most students have done the wrong questions, so teachers should focus on explaining and analyzing the reasons for the mistakes; For students with poor foundation and often making mistakes, teachers should spend more time in tutoring after class. Students should reflect on the mistakes in their oral arithmetic. Each student should prepare a book, record the mistakes in the daily homework in the book, and write down the mistakes and correction methods. In addition, it is necessary to take the students' frequently wrong questions and similar questions as the students' classroom test, and feedback again to understand the students' learning effect after correcting the mistakes. The practice of correcting wrong questions requires students to judge right and wrong, find out the mistakes, analyze the causes of mistakes, and correct them. The class adopts the form of a little doctor to find the cause of disease competition, so that students can acquire knowledge in the competition“ "Correcting mistakes" can not only satisfy students to distinguish the causes of mistakes and correct them, but also achieve the effect of prevention< Fourth, help students understand the principles of calculation and reveal the rules.
in the teaching of calculation, let students understand the principles of calculation and know not only what they are, but also why they are. In this way, the teaching of calculation will become lively and colorful. Low grade students' intuitive thinking is dominant, and they graally transition to abstract thinking. Psychologists believe that thinking starts from action. To enable students to master mathematical knowledge and promote the development of thinking, it is necessary to build a bridge between image thinking and mathematical abstraction, and give full play to the role of learning tools. In the teaching of 9 plus a few, students can ask for a stick to study together. In the students' independent operation, we can optimize the ten methods, which will lay the foundation for further study of carry plus and abdication minus. We can also make use of students' existing knowledge and experience to understand new knowledge, construct the main way of teaching knowledge structure, properly use old knowledge in teaching, assimilate new knowledge through analogy, and realize the positive transfer of knowledge, which is concive to students' understanding of new knowledge and recognition of new knowledge structure. For example, if you want to add, calculate and subtract, students will continue to learn through the connection between knowledge. Let students understand thoroughly, they can use the method of calculation correctly and skillfully< Fifth, cultivate the junior students to develop good calculation habits
good calculation habits directly affect the formation and improvement of students' calculation ability. Many students can understand and master the algorithm, but they often make mistakes, mainly e to the lack of strict training and good learning habits
to improve students' computing ability, we must pay attention to the cultivation of good computing habits. Make students form the habit of proofreading carefully. The students are required to proofread the copied topics carefully, ranging from numbers and symbols, so as to make sure they are good. Make students form the habit of examining questions. Students are required to see each data and operation symbol clearly, determine the operation order, and choose a reasonable operation method. Make students form the habit of careful calculation and standard writing. Students are required to write neatly and the writing format should be standardized. At the same time, those who can do it by mouth should do it by mouth, while those who can't should do it by hand. In column vertical calculation, the number of digits should be aligned, and there should be an appropriate interval between the numbers. Make students form the habit of estimating and checking consciously. Teachers should teach students the methods of checking and estimating, and make strict demands on checking as an important part of the calculation process. It is advocated to use estimating to check the correctness of the answers
computing teaching is a long-term and complex teaching process, and it is not a matter of one day to improve students' computing ability. As the saying goes, if you want to develop a good skill, you must keep your fists together and keep your tongue in tune. So is the cultivation of oral arithmetic ability. It is a cumulative process, only the joint efforts of teachers and students can be effective.
first, master the "addition and subtraction method within 10" and "addition and subtraction method within 20". As a key starting stage, elementary learning of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division will have a profound impact on students' further learning. Teaching practice tells us that any complex problem is composed of a simple problem. Whether it's two digit multiplication and division, or two digit multiplication and division, or three digit, or other more complex calculation problems, their basis is "addition and subtraction within 10", "addition and subtraction within 20" and "99 multiplication formula". If these basic knowledge is not up to the standard and can't reach the level of blurting out without thinking, it will affect the later complex operation and reasoning. If you don't have a good command of "addition and subtraction within 10", "addition and subtraction within 20" and "nine nine multiplication formula", you will not be able to calculate quickly and accurately in the middle and senior grades< Second, strengthen the training of oral arithmetic ability Primary school mathematics syllabus pointed out: "to cultivate students' computational ability, we should pay attention to the basic training of oral arithmetic. Oral arithmetic is not only the basis of written arithmetic, estimation and simple calculation, but also an important part of computational ability."
only when the ability of oral calculation is strong, can the speed of written calculation be accelerated and the accuracy of calculation be improved. The teaching content of lower grades is relatively less. The teacher can time the children in class and let them do it. At this time, the students' attention is very focused, and it will also effectively improve the students' computing speed. It can also take the form of competition to read and calculate, which can often mobilize the enthusiasm of students, but this requires the teacher to have a clear idea of each child's level. Oral arithmetic is not only to time, more important is to give children to see right and wrong, for those who can test within the specified time to give a certain reward in time, cause students to pay attention to oral arithmetic, so as to improve the ability of oral arithmetic< Third, we should pay attention to the accumulation of wrong questions.
students' learning is a process of repeated understanding and practice, and mistakes are always inevitable. Especially for the younger students, the knowledge they just learned is easy to forget. Therefore, teachers should timely understand the problems existing in students' calculation, deeply analyze the causes of their calculation errors, and carry out targeted teaching. Teachers should focus on the analysis of the reasons for the wrong questions according to the person and the topic. Most students have done the wrong questions, so teachers should focus on explaining and analyzing the reasons for the mistakes; For students with poor foundation and often making mistakes, teachers should spend more time in tutoring after class. Students should reflect on the mistakes in their oral arithmetic. Each student should prepare a book, record the mistakes in the daily homework in the book, and write down the mistakes and correction methods. In addition, it is necessary to take the students' frequently wrong questions and similar questions as the students' classroom test, and feedback again to understand the students' learning effect after correcting the mistakes. The practice of correcting wrong questions requires students to judge right and wrong, find out the mistakes, analyze the causes of mistakes, and correct them. The class adopts the form of a little doctor to find the cause of disease competition, so that students can acquire knowledge in the competition“ "Correcting mistakes" can not only satisfy students to distinguish the causes of mistakes and correct them, but also achieve the effect of prevention< Fourth, help students understand the principles of calculation and reveal the rules.
in the teaching of calculation, let students understand the principles of calculation and know not only what they are, but also why they are. In this way, the teaching of calculation will become lively and colorful. Low grade students' intuitive thinking is dominant, and they graally transition to abstract thinking. Psychologists believe that thinking starts from action. To enable students to master mathematical knowledge and promote the development of thinking, it is necessary to build a bridge between image thinking and mathematical abstraction, and give full play to the role of learning tools. In the teaching of 9 plus a few, students can ask for a stick to study together. In the students' independent operation, we can optimize the ten methods, which will lay the foundation for further study of carry plus and abdication minus. We can also make use of students' existing knowledge and experience to understand new knowledge, construct the main way of teaching knowledge structure, properly use old knowledge in teaching, assimilate new knowledge through analogy, and realize the positive transfer of knowledge, which is concive to students' understanding of new knowledge and recognition of new knowledge structure. For example, if you want to add, calculate and subtract, students will continue to learn through the connection between knowledge. Let students understand thoroughly, they can use the method of calculation correctly and skillfully< Fifth, cultivate the junior students to develop good calculation habits
good calculation habits directly affect the formation and improvement of students' calculation ability. Many students can understand and master the algorithm, but they often make mistakes, mainly e to the lack of strict training and good learning habits
to improve students' computing ability, we must pay attention to the cultivation of good computing habits. Make students form the habit of proofreading carefully. The students are required to proofread the copied topics carefully, ranging from numbers and symbols, so as to make sure they are good. Make students form the habit of examining questions. Students are required to see each data and operation symbol clearly, determine the operation order, and choose a reasonable operation method. Make students form the habit of careful calculation and standard writing. Students are required to write neatly and the writing format should be standardized. At the same time, those who can do it by mouth should do it by mouth, while those who can't should do it by hand. In column vertical calculation, the number of digits should be aligned, and there should be an appropriate interval between the numbers. Make students form the habit of estimating and checking consciously. Teachers should teach students the methods of checking and estimating, and make strict demands on checking as an important part of the calculation process. It is advocated to use estimating to check the correctness of the answers
computing teaching is a long-term and complex teaching process, and it is not a matter of one day to improve students' computing ability. As the saying goes, if you want to develop a good skill, you must keep your fists together and keep your tongue in tune. So is the cultivation of oral arithmetic ability. It is a cumulative process, only the joint efforts of teachers and students can be effective.
5. 1、 Cultivate students' interest in calculation
simple calculation is often boring and students are easily bored. Therefore, according to the psychological characteristics of the lower grade students who are active and competitive, we can use a variety of training forms to replace the previous single form of practice. For example: training with games, competitions, etc; Driving trains, rushing to answer questions, breaking through barriers, etc. Various forms of training, not only stimulate students' interest in learning, but also make every student actively participate, so as to get twice the result with half the effort. Senior students can explain the principle of problem-solving more, let students understand the context of problem-solving ideas, know the reasons for this problem-solving, deepen the understanding, will improve interest< Second, pay attention to the training of oral arithmetic
oral calculation is the basis of written calculation, which requires not only accuracy but also speed. The formation of oral arithmetic skills and the improvement of speed can not be achieved by one or two days of training, but by constant training. In my opinion, the effect of mental arithmetic three minutes before class is very good. Before each class, prepare ten oral arithmetic questions for students to rush to answer, or let students write in a small book, check the answers in a unified way, make a summary every other time, and praise and reward the excellent students. The enthusiasm of students has been improved, and at the same time, they will pay attention to the correct rate. Of course, remember some common values, such as 2 π、 three π、 four π……， 112, 122, 132... And so on, which have a very good effect on speeding up the speed and accuracy of oral calculation< Third, strengthen the training of estimation
many problems in daily life don't need very accurate results, so we can use estimation to solve them. In this way, the speed is accelerated, and it does not affect the actual operation. When encountering such problems, let the students estimate as much as possible. In addition, even in the calculation of accurate results, the estimation will also play a monitoring role. Every time we finish a question, we can use the method of estimation to verify its correctness< 4. Pay attention to quick calculation and skillful calculation. Quick calculation and skillful calculation, that is, we usually say simple operation, the correct use of simple methods, on the one hand, can improve the speed of problem solving, on the other hand, can also make problem solving simple, improve students' self-confidence. The teacher can teach some basic laws first, let the students answer the questions, in the example of some calculation problems, let the students find the appropriate simple method. This requires students to have a clear grasp of the basic law of operation, especially the scope of its application. For example, multiplication has distributive law, but division does not. This requires students to divide by a number into its reciprocal, in the use of distribution law for calculation< 5. Develop good habits
we know that most of the time, students do not know how to calculate, but they wrong numbers, recite wrong multiplication formulas, or make mistakes in decimal points. These are tiny mistakes, but they often occur. Therefore, the usual practice should be strict, so that students develop a good habit of calculation. The first is to train students to be serious, meticulous, neat and standard. After careful calculation, we must emphasize checking calculation. There are many checking methods, such as checking step by step; It uses addition to check subtraction, multiplication to check division; Put it into the original question to check whether it is in line with the reality; It can also be checked by the above-mentioned estimation. Regular error correction training can also rece students' careless errors to a certain extent. Display the mistakes you are prone to make one by one, and compare them with your own reality. If you have them, you can correct them. If you don't have them, you will make fewer mistakes next time
in a word, computing teaching is a long-term and complex teaching process, and improving students' computing ability is not a matter overnight. Although the above points are not comprehensive, I believe that as long as we can seriously implement the above points, it will play a certain role in improving our computing power.
simple calculation is often boring and students are easily bored. Therefore, according to the psychological characteristics of the lower grade students who are active and competitive, we can use a variety of training forms to replace the previous single form of practice. For example: training with games, competitions, etc; Driving trains, rushing to answer questions, breaking through barriers, etc. Various forms of training, not only stimulate students' interest in learning, but also make every student actively participate, so as to get twice the result with half the effort. Senior students can explain the principle of problem-solving more, let students understand the context of problem-solving ideas, know the reasons for this problem-solving, deepen the understanding, will improve interest< Second, pay attention to the training of oral arithmetic
oral calculation is the basis of written calculation, which requires not only accuracy but also speed. The formation of oral arithmetic skills and the improvement of speed can not be achieved by one or two days of training, but by constant training. In my opinion, the effect of mental arithmetic three minutes before class is very good. Before each class, prepare ten oral arithmetic questions for students to rush to answer, or let students write in a small book, check the answers in a unified way, make a summary every other time, and praise and reward the excellent students. The enthusiasm of students has been improved, and at the same time, they will pay attention to the correct rate. Of course, remember some common values, such as 2 π、 three π、 four π……， 112, 122, 132... And so on, which have a very good effect on speeding up the speed and accuracy of oral calculation< Third, strengthen the training of estimation
many problems in daily life don't need very accurate results, so we can use estimation to solve them. In this way, the speed is accelerated, and it does not affect the actual operation. When encountering such problems, let the students estimate as much as possible. In addition, even in the calculation of accurate results, the estimation will also play a monitoring role. Every time we finish a question, we can use the method of estimation to verify its correctness< 4. Pay attention to quick calculation and skillful calculation. Quick calculation and skillful calculation, that is, we usually say simple operation, the correct use of simple methods, on the one hand, can improve the speed of problem solving, on the other hand, can also make problem solving simple, improve students' self-confidence. The teacher can teach some basic laws first, let the students answer the questions, in the example of some calculation problems, let the students find the appropriate simple method. This requires students to have a clear grasp of the basic law of operation, especially the scope of its application. For example, multiplication has distributive law, but division does not. This requires students to divide by a number into its reciprocal, in the use of distribution law for calculation< 5. Develop good habits
we know that most of the time, students do not know how to calculate, but they wrong numbers, recite wrong multiplication formulas, or make mistakes in decimal points. These are tiny mistakes, but they often occur. Therefore, the usual practice should be strict, so that students develop a good habit of calculation. The first is to train students to be serious, meticulous, neat and standard. After careful calculation, we must emphasize checking calculation. There are many checking methods, such as checking step by step; It uses addition to check subtraction, multiplication to check division; Put it into the original question to check whether it is in line with the reality; It can also be checked by the above-mentioned estimation. Regular error correction training can also rece students' careless errors to a certain extent. Display the mistakes you are prone to make one by one, and compare them with your own reality. If you have them, you can correct them. If you don't have them, you will make fewer mistakes next time
in a word, computing teaching is a long-term and complex teaching process, and improving students' computing ability is not a matter overnight. Although the above points are not comprehensive, I believe that as long as we can seriously implement the above points, it will play a certain role in improving our computing power.
6. Because it's a... couple. For example, if you turn the wheel, either f * radius * 2 or f * diameter.
7. First of all, understand and firmly grasp the basic knowledge. That is, the basic knowledge related to computing power, mainly refers to mathematical concepts, operation laws, operation properties, operation rules and calculation formulas. It is difficult for students to understand some calculation rules. In teaching, teachers should not be in a hurry for success, but should help students to master basic knowledge as a breakthrough, disperse and break through difficulties. For example, when teaching the addition and subtraction method of different denominator fractions, first of all, let students understand that the denominator is different, that is, the units of fractions are different. If the units of fractions are different, they can't add and subtract directly. When they understand this truth, they can guide students to use the knowledge of general score to change the different denominator fractions into the same denominator fractions, so the problem turns into the addition and subtraction of the same denominator fractions that they have learned
Second, strengthen the practice and basic skills training. In the calculation practice, strengthening the basic skills training is an important step to improve the calculation ability. In addition, in the calculation practice, we should help students summarize some regular things, so that they can skillfully use the basic knowledge to calculate, and constantly improve their calculation ability. In addition, the forms of calculation exercises should be diversified, and the forms should serve the content. However, we should pay attention to the quantity of exercises. We can't do the opposite as long as we don't pay attention to the quantity and quality. Some students lack the spirit of diligent learning, and the calculation itself is boring and lack of plot. When students encounter a large number of questions, they are easy to resist and unwilling to calculate, which can seriously affect students' interest in learning mathematics. In teaching, as teachers, we should simplify the topic selection, Try to find some simple calculation problems to guide students to do abstruse calculation problems
thirdly, cultivate students' good study habits. Good learning habits are the guarantee to improve the accuracy of calculation. First of all, students are required to carefully review the calculation, and do not blindly simplify the calculation without reviewing the operation order, such as 15 + 5 × 5), the students mistakenly calculated it as 20 × Secondly, the calculation process should be strictly standardized. When solving problems, students are required to have standard calculation format, neat writing, clean homework and paper surface. Even the draft should be written neatly and clearly. When students make mistakes in calculation, students should not only check the calculation process, but also find out whether there are errors in the draft. For example; The alignment of digits, whether the carry is added or not. Let the students form the habit of self checking in calculation< Fourth, strengthen the cultivation of the ability of oral calculation.
calculation is the basis of estimation and written calculation. Any four item mixed calculation problem is synthesized by the oral calculation problem of the main road. The correctness and rapidity of oral calculation directly affect the improvement of the calculation ability. When designing oral calculation exercises, we should be targeted, from easy to difficult, and graally improve them, including some simple calculation problems, It is helpful to train students' thinking flexibility to do oral arithmetic exercises frequently.
Second, strengthen the practice and basic skills training. In the calculation practice, strengthening the basic skills training is an important step to improve the calculation ability. In addition, in the calculation practice, we should help students summarize some regular things, so that they can skillfully use the basic knowledge to calculate, and constantly improve their calculation ability. In addition, the forms of calculation exercises should be diversified, and the forms should serve the content. However, we should pay attention to the quantity of exercises. We can't do the opposite as long as we don't pay attention to the quantity and quality. Some students lack the spirit of diligent learning, and the calculation itself is boring and lack of plot. When students encounter a large number of questions, they are easy to resist and unwilling to calculate, which can seriously affect students' interest in learning mathematics. In teaching, as teachers, we should simplify the topic selection, Try to find some simple calculation problems to guide students to do abstruse calculation problems
thirdly, cultivate students' good study habits. Good learning habits are the guarantee to improve the accuracy of calculation. First of all, students are required to carefully review the calculation, and do not blindly simplify the calculation without reviewing the operation order, such as 15 + 5 × 5), the students mistakenly calculated it as 20 × Secondly, the calculation process should be strictly standardized. When solving problems, students are required to have standard calculation format, neat writing, clean homework and paper surface. Even the draft should be written neatly and clearly. When students make mistakes in calculation, students should not only check the calculation process, but also find out whether there are errors in the draft. For example; The alignment of digits, whether the carry is added or not. Let the students form the habit of self checking in calculation< Fourth, strengthen the cultivation of the ability of oral calculation.
calculation is the basis of estimation and written calculation. Any four item mixed calculation problem is synthesized by the oral calculation problem of the main road. The correctness and rapidity of oral calculation directly affect the improvement of the calculation ability. When designing oral calculation exercises, we should be targeted, from easy to difficult, and graally improve them, including some simple calculation problems, It is helpful to train students' thinking flexibility to do oral arithmetic exercises frequently.
8. [how to improve pupils' computational ability]
students' computational ability is an important task of primary school mathematics teaching and an important foundation for students to learn mathematics in the future. So, as a junior mathematics teacher, how to cultivate pupils' computing ability? I start from the following aspects:
first, stimulate the interest in learning computing“ Interest is the best teacher. Interesting computing ability is a basic ability that everyone must have. Cultivating drama and vivid stories will make the relatively simple and boring learning of computing lively and interesting. It will make students interested in learning and get twice the result with half the effort
the game is exciting. For example: the division and combination of teaching numbers can adopt the mathematical game of "clapping hands" and take the division and combination of 10 as an example. The teacher patted his hand and asked: Liao Xiaohe, I ask you, what's my 4 beats? This game can be adjusted according to the change of learning content at any time. According to the students' proficiency, the rhythm can be adjusted at any time; It can change the form at any time, such as collective answer, group answer, indivial student answer, teacher ask student answer, student ask student answer and so on
the story is exciting. To stimulate interest with typical examples of Chinese and foreign mathematicians or short stories related to the classroom content. In teaching, we should timely list the typical examples of Chinese and foreign mathematicians. For example, Chen Jingrun, a famous mathematician in our country, constantly calculates in order to conquer "Goldbach conjecture", and the draft paper calculates in several sacks. Through such vivid and typical examples, we can stimulate students' will and arouse their interest in calculation; Or use the stories that students like to hear and see to activate the classroom atmosphere and attract students' attention. For example, in the two digit plus one digit carry addition, there are some mistakes that often appear when "little careless" is doing the problem. Let the students point out the mistakes first, and then look at the mistakes they have made. It not only arouses students' attention, but also stimulates students' interest in mathematics learning, so that students can concentrate on calculation and improve the learning effect in class
Second, cultivate good computing habits
a good habit of computing is a catalyst for success, which benefits people for life. The advantages and disadvantages of students' computing habits directly affect the formation and improvement of their computing ability. Therefore, in order to improve students' computing ability, we should first cultivate students' good habit of examining questions, writing and checking
the habit of examining questions. A good habit of examining questions is the key factor to improve the calculation ability, and the accuracy of calculation largely depends on the correctness of examining questions. Examination is the key first step in the process of calculation. Examination can overcome the influence of thinking set and eliminate the interference of thinking caused by strong information concentration. For example, when calculating 18-7 + 3, many students calculate 18-7 + 3 = 18 e to the strong information of "rounding". As soon as the students see the topic, they do it. They don't examine the topic carefully, and they don't think about what counts first and then what counts. As a result, such a simple calculation problem is wrong. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the cultivation of good examination habits
writing habits. Good writing habits can help students rece unnecessary mistakes. Nonstandard writing is also a common reason for calculation errors. When students are calculating, they sometimes look at it by mistake because of the illegible handwriting, such as 6 and 0, 3 and 8; Some write, write, erase, and blur; Some vertical writing is not standard, the number is not aligned and so on, may cause the calculation error. Therefore, in teaching, it is necessary to require students to write neat, standard format, to urge students to write numbers correctly and clearly
the habit of checking calculation. Checking and checking calculation is not only an effective measure to ensure correct calculation, but also a means to promote students' understanding of calculation process and calculation skills. Students can further understand the inverse operation relationship between addition and subtraction through checking calculation. But because of their weak willpower, primary school students are often unable to consciously check and calculate. Therefore, in the teaching of calculation, we should pay attention to teach students the methods of checking calculation, such as: requiring students to do "four checks": one check whether the number is copied correctly; Second, check whether the symbols are accurate; Third, check whether the operation sequence is correct; 4. Check whether the results are correct and write them down. The cultivation of students' good habits is not a day's work, it needs us to persevere in our efforts. This is a good thing beneficial to students all their lives, and we must do a good job
Third, understand the calculation principle and optimize the algorithm in hands-on operation
calculation is the premise and basis of correct operation. In the students' mind, the examples are clear, and the calculation is orderly. It is a difficult point to explore the arithmetic of carry addition within 20. When learning carry addition within 20, students can put it into practice, experience the process of "making up ten", and understand the method of "making up ten". For example:. At the beginning of class, students list the corresponding formula: 8 + 5 through situations and questions. Some students immediately reported the answer: teacher, 8 + 5 = 13. I said: you are so smart! How many children know the result? If you know, try to verify whether your results are correct; Children who don't know can use learning aids to help us calculate. Under my guidance, students use learning aids to represent 8 and 5 respectively, and operate according to their own different ideas. In the process of operation, students can understand the arithmetic of addition and carry. In the report, I try my best to let the students narrate, supplement, collect all kinds of information, and show a variety of algorithms. On this basis, I guide the students to find that these algorithms are interlinked. They all achieve the purpose of oral calculation by rounding up 10, so that the students can understand this kind of problem. Through the method of "looking at the large number, dividing the decimal, first rounding up 10, then adding a few", they can "optimize" the "diversification" in time, Seek a simple and fast method, so as to improve students' computing ability< Fourth, pay attention to the training of oral arithmetic in the teaching of calculation
in order to make the students have higher computing ability in primary school, we must pay attention to oral arithmetic and strengthen the training of oral arithmetic. Because oral arithmetic is an important part of calculation ability, and it is also the basis of written arithmetic, abacus and estimation. It is widely used in daily life and study. Therefore, in mathematics teaching, I attach great importance to strengthening students' oral arithmetic training. Before each mathematics class, I will use 3 to 5 minutes to carry out various forms of oral arithmetic training for students. For example: (1) oral arithmetic competition, let students write the number directly after the oral arithmetic exercises in the book, and organize proofreading and evaluation after the competition. And let the students who can calculate quickly and correctly talk about their own tricks 2) Read the cards and write the numbers directly. You can write the numbers on the cards. Students can write the numbers one by one. At last, students can show the numbers to organize proofreading and evaluation 3) Look at the problem and answer it by mouth. Let the students do it by themselves and then answer it by name 4) Listen and count, the teacher read the problem, let the students write the problem directly, show the problem after listening and count, organize the students to proofread and evaluate the result 5) Find a friend: let the students take the mental arithmetic card to find the number, etc. This tense and orderly training form can not only pay attention to every student, but also arouse students' great interest, and greatly improve the quality of group students' oral arithmetic practice< 5. Carefully design the calculation exercises
practice is an important way for students to consolidate knowledge and form skills. When designing exercises, we should pay attention to the following points: 1. We can design some exercises that can reflect the basis of calculation theory and the formation of algorithm for students to practice, such as the calculation process of 9 + 5 =. In this way, students not only understand the calculation theory, but also master the calculation method, playing a multiplier effect with half the effort. 2. Practice with easy to confuse contrast. In order to improve the students' identification ability and accuracy of calculation, we put the confusing questions together and let them distinguish and compare. 3. Often make mistakes and practice over and over again. The students use the new algorithm to calculate some of the typical errors on the blackboard, let the students find out the mistakes, correct them, can clear the obstacles for the students algorithm. 4. The practice should be taught according to the person, and the practice goal should be put forward in different levels. For the students with strong computing ability, the requirements can be improved; For students with slow thinking, the requirements are lower; For poor students, let them do the most basic exercises, give help and encouragement in practice, let them overcome inferiority, build up confidence, and really mobilize their learning enthusiasm< Sixth, strengthen the collation and analysis of wrong questions
we should pay attention to the collection and collation of students' mistakes, and analyze the ideological roots of their mistakes. In my usual homework, I prepare a notebook to classify and record the errors in students' calculation, find out the common errors and find out the typical errors, so as to "suit the remedy to the case" in teaching, especially find out the typical errors with unclear calculation and wrong methods, organize students to analyze the root causes, find out the "cause", and then design a certain number of targeted exercises, Purposeful "living therapy". At the same time, each student is required to prepare a wrong problem book, and the students are required to "sort out the wrong problems", record the mistakes in their homework book, exercise book and test paper in the wrong problem book in time, find out the reasons for the mistakes, and correct and classify them in time
it's a long and hard process to cultivate students' computing ability. Let's all math teachers join hands and make unremitting efforts to improve students' computing ability
students' computational ability is an important task of primary school mathematics teaching and an important foundation for students to learn mathematics in the future. So, as a junior mathematics teacher, how to cultivate pupils' computing ability? I start from the following aspects:
first, stimulate the interest in learning computing“ Interest is the best teacher. Interesting computing ability is a basic ability that everyone must have. Cultivating drama and vivid stories will make the relatively simple and boring learning of computing lively and interesting. It will make students interested in learning and get twice the result with half the effort
the game is exciting. For example: the division and combination of teaching numbers can adopt the mathematical game of "clapping hands" and take the division and combination of 10 as an example. The teacher patted his hand and asked: Liao Xiaohe, I ask you, what's my 4 beats? This game can be adjusted according to the change of learning content at any time. According to the students' proficiency, the rhythm can be adjusted at any time; It can change the form at any time, such as collective answer, group answer, indivial student answer, teacher ask student answer, student ask student answer and so on
the story is exciting. To stimulate interest with typical examples of Chinese and foreign mathematicians or short stories related to the classroom content. In teaching, we should timely list the typical examples of Chinese and foreign mathematicians. For example, Chen Jingrun, a famous mathematician in our country, constantly calculates in order to conquer "Goldbach conjecture", and the draft paper calculates in several sacks. Through such vivid and typical examples, we can stimulate students' will and arouse their interest in calculation; Or use the stories that students like to hear and see to activate the classroom atmosphere and attract students' attention. For example, in the two digit plus one digit carry addition, there are some mistakes that often appear when "little careless" is doing the problem. Let the students point out the mistakes first, and then look at the mistakes they have made. It not only arouses students' attention, but also stimulates students' interest in mathematics learning, so that students can concentrate on calculation and improve the learning effect in class
Second, cultivate good computing habits
a good habit of computing is a catalyst for success, which benefits people for life. The advantages and disadvantages of students' computing habits directly affect the formation and improvement of their computing ability. Therefore, in order to improve students' computing ability, we should first cultivate students' good habit of examining questions, writing and checking
the habit of examining questions. A good habit of examining questions is the key factor to improve the calculation ability, and the accuracy of calculation largely depends on the correctness of examining questions. Examination is the key first step in the process of calculation. Examination can overcome the influence of thinking set and eliminate the interference of thinking caused by strong information concentration. For example, when calculating 18-7 + 3, many students calculate 18-7 + 3 = 18 e to the strong information of "rounding". As soon as the students see the topic, they do it. They don't examine the topic carefully, and they don't think about what counts first and then what counts. As a result, such a simple calculation problem is wrong. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the cultivation of good examination habits
writing habits. Good writing habits can help students rece unnecessary mistakes. Nonstandard writing is also a common reason for calculation errors. When students are calculating, they sometimes look at it by mistake because of the illegible handwriting, such as 6 and 0, 3 and 8; Some write, write, erase, and blur; Some vertical writing is not standard, the number is not aligned and so on, may cause the calculation error. Therefore, in teaching, it is necessary to require students to write neat, standard format, to urge students to write numbers correctly and clearly
the habit of checking calculation. Checking and checking calculation is not only an effective measure to ensure correct calculation, but also a means to promote students' understanding of calculation process and calculation skills. Students can further understand the inverse operation relationship between addition and subtraction through checking calculation. But because of their weak willpower, primary school students are often unable to consciously check and calculate. Therefore, in the teaching of calculation, we should pay attention to teach students the methods of checking calculation, such as: requiring students to do "four checks": one check whether the number is copied correctly; Second, check whether the symbols are accurate; Third, check whether the operation sequence is correct; 4. Check whether the results are correct and write them down. The cultivation of students' good habits is not a day's work, it needs us to persevere in our efforts. This is a good thing beneficial to students all their lives, and we must do a good job
Third, understand the calculation principle and optimize the algorithm in hands-on operation
calculation is the premise and basis of correct operation. In the students' mind, the examples are clear, and the calculation is orderly. It is a difficult point to explore the arithmetic of carry addition within 20. When learning carry addition within 20, students can put it into practice, experience the process of "making up ten", and understand the method of "making up ten". For example:. At the beginning of class, students list the corresponding formula: 8 + 5 through situations and questions. Some students immediately reported the answer: teacher, 8 + 5 = 13. I said: you are so smart! How many children know the result? If you know, try to verify whether your results are correct; Children who don't know can use learning aids to help us calculate. Under my guidance, students use learning aids to represent 8 and 5 respectively, and operate according to their own different ideas. In the process of operation, students can understand the arithmetic of addition and carry. In the report, I try my best to let the students narrate, supplement, collect all kinds of information, and show a variety of algorithms. On this basis, I guide the students to find that these algorithms are interlinked. They all achieve the purpose of oral calculation by rounding up 10, so that the students can understand this kind of problem. Through the method of "looking at the large number, dividing the decimal, first rounding up 10, then adding a few", they can "optimize" the "diversification" in time, Seek a simple and fast method, so as to improve students' computing ability< Fourth, pay attention to the training of oral arithmetic in the teaching of calculation
in order to make the students have higher computing ability in primary school, we must pay attention to oral arithmetic and strengthen the training of oral arithmetic. Because oral arithmetic is an important part of calculation ability, and it is also the basis of written arithmetic, abacus and estimation. It is widely used in daily life and study. Therefore, in mathematics teaching, I attach great importance to strengthening students' oral arithmetic training. Before each mathematics class, I will use 3 to 5 minutes to carry out various forms of oral arithmetic training for students. For example: (1) oral arithmetic competition, let students write the number directly after the oral arithmetic exercises in the book, and organize proofreading and evaluation after the competition. And let the students who can calculate quickly and correctly talk about their own tricks 2) Read the cards and write the numbers directly. You can write the numbers on the cards. Students can write the numbers one by one. At last, students can show the numbers to organize proofreading and evaluation 3) Look at the problem and answer it by mouth. Let the students do it by themselves and then answer it by name 4) Listen and count, the teacher read the problem, let the students write the problem directly, show the problem after listening and count, organize the students to proofread and evaluate the result 5) Find a friend: let the students take the mental arithmetic card to find the number, etc. This tense and orderly training form can not only pay attention to every student, but also arouse students' great interest, and greatly improve the quality of group students' oral arithmetic practice< 5. Carefully design the calculation exercises
practice is an important way for students to consolidate knowledge and form skills. When designing exercises, we should pay attention to the following points: 1. We can design some exercises that can reflect the basis of calculation theory and the formation of algorithm for students to practice, such as the calculation process of 9 + 5 =. In this way, students not only understand the calculation theory, but also master the calculation method, playing a multiplier effect with half the effort. 2. Practice with easy to confuse contrast. In order to improve the students' identification ability and accuracy of calculation, we put the confusing questions together and let them distinguish and compare. 3. Often make mistakes and practice over and over again. The students use the new algorithm to calculate some of the typical errors on the blackboard, let the students find out the mistakes, correct them, can clear the obstacles for the students algorithm. 4. The practice should be taught according to the person, and the practice goal should be put forward in different levels. For the students with strong computing ability, the requirements can be improved; For students with slow thinking, the requirements are lower; For poor students, let them do the most basic exercises, give help and encouragement in practice, let them overcome inferiority, build up confidence, and really mobilize their learning enthusiasm< Sixth, strengthen the collation and analysis of wrong questions
we should pay attention to the collection and collation of students' mistakes, and analyze the ideological roots of their mistakes. In my usual homework, I prepare a notebook to classify and record the errors in students' calculation, find out the common errors and find out the typical errors, so as to "suit the remedy to the case" in teaching, especially find out the typical errors with unclear calculation and wrong methods, organize students to analyze the root causes, find out the "cause", and then design a certain number of targeted exercises, Purposeful "living therapy". At the same time, each student is required to prepare a wrong problem book, and the students are required to "sort out the wrong problems", record the mistakes in their homework book, exercise book and test paper in the wrong problem book in time, find out the reasons for the mistakes, and correct and classify them in time
it's a long and hard process to cultivate students' computing ability. Let's all math teachers join hands and make unremitting efforts to improve students' computing ability
9. 1、 Cultivate students' interest in calculation
simple calculation is often boring and students are easily bored. Therefore, according to the psychological characteristics of the lower grade students who are active and competitive, we can use a variety of training forms to replace the previous single form of practice. For example: training with games, competitions, etc; Driving trains, rushing to answer questions, breaking through barriers, etc. Various forms of training, not only stimulate students' interest in learning, but also make every student actively participate, so as to get twice the result with half the effort. Senior students can explain the principle of problem-solving more, let students understand the context of problem-solving ideas, know the reasons for this problem-solving, deepen the understanding, will improve interest< Second, pay attention to the training of oral arithmetic
oral calculation is the basis of written calculation, which requires not only accuracy but also speed. The formation of oral arithmetic skills and the improvement of speed can not be achieved by one or two days of training, but by constant training. In my opinion, the effect of mental arithmetic three minutes before class is very good. Before each class, prepare ten oral arithmetic questions for students to rush to answer, or let students write in a small book, check the answers in a unified way, make a summary every other time, and praise and reward the excellent students. The enthusiasm of students has been improved, and at the same time, they will pay attention to the correct rate. Of course, remember some common values, such as 2 π、 three π、 four π……， 112, 122, 132... And so on, which have a very good effect on speeding up the speed and accuracy of oral calculation< Third, strengthen the training of estimation
many problems in daily life don't need very accurate results, so we can use estimation to solve them. In this way, the speed is accelerated, and it does not affect the actual operation. When encountering such problems, let the students estimate as much as possible. In addition, even in the calculation of accurate results, the estimation will also play a monitoring role. Every time we finish a question, we can use the method of estimation to verify its correctness< 4. Pay attention to quick calculation and skillful calculation. Quick calculation and skillful calculation, that is, we usually say simple operation, the correct use of simple methods, on the one hand, can improve the speed of problem solving, on the other hand, can also make problem solving simple, improve students' self-confidence. The teacher can teach some basic laws first, let the students answer the questions, in the example of some calculation problems, let the students find the appropriate simple method. This requires students to have a clear grasp of the basic law of operation, especially the scope of its application. For example, multiplication has distributive law, but division does not. This requires students to divide by a number into its reciprocal, in the use of distribution law for calculation.
simple calculation is often boring and students are easily bored. Therefore, according to the psychological characteristics of the lower grade students who are active and competitive, we can use a variety of training forms to replace the previous single form of practice. For example: training with games, competitions, etc; Driving trains, rushing to answer questions, breaking through barriers, etc. Various forms of training, not only stimulate students' interest in learning, but also make every student actively participate, so as to get twice the result with half the effort. Senior students can explain the principle of problem-solving more, let students understand the context of problem-solving ideas, know the reasons for this problem-solving, deepen the understanding, will improve interest< Second, pay attention to the training of oral arithmetic
oral calculation is the basis of written calculation, which requires not only accuracy but also speed. The formation of oral arithmetic skills and the improvement of speed can not be achieved by one or two days of training, but by constant training. In my opinion, the effect of mental arithmetic three minutes before class is very good. Before each class, prepare ten oral arithmetic questions for students to rush to answer, or let students write in a small book, check the answers in a unified way, make a summary every other time, and praise and reward the excellent students. The enthusiasm of students has been improved, and at the same time, they will pay attention to the correct rate. Of course, remember some common values, such as 2 π、 three π、 four π……， 112, 122, 132... And so on, which have a very good effect on speeding up the speed and accuracy of oral calculation< Third, strengthen the training of estimation
many problems in daily life don't need very accurate results, so we can use estimation to solve them. In this way, the speed is accelerated, and it does not affect the actual operation. When encountering such problems, let the students estimate as much as possible. In addition, even in the calculation of accurate results, the estimation will also play a monitoring role. Every time we finish a question, we can use the method of estimation to verify its correctness< 4. Pay attention to quick calculation and skillful calculation. Quick calculation and skillful calculation, that is, we usually say simple operation, the correct use of simple methods, on the one hand, can improve the speed of problem solving, on the other hand, can also make problem solving simple, improve students' self-confidence. The teacher can teach some basic laws first, let the students answer the questions, in the example of some calculation problems, let the students find the appropriate simple method. This requires students to have a clear grasp of the basic law of operation, especially the scope of its application. For example, multiplication has distributive law, but division does not. This requires students to divide by a number into its reciprocal, in the use of distribution law for calculation.
10.
Many students feel headache for mathematics, because the score of mathematics is not high every time, and many knowledge points are not very clear, so how can junior high school mathematics learn to effectively improve the score
how to learn junior high school mathematics can effectively improve scores
knowledge framework diagram
I believe that as long as the above points are achieved, there will be some changes in the score of this subject. Of course, in learning, planning is essential. No matter review or study, you need to make a professional plan to help yourself learn. In addition to the above points, the score of mathematics will make considerable progress, In learning, if you encounter problems that you can't solve, you need to ask for help from teachers or better students in time, so that you can solve the difficulties and won't have an impact on future learning. The above is how to learn junior high school mathematics. I believe that if you do well in these points, the overall score of each subject will rise
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