Three forms of decentralized operation of e-commerce
Publish: 2021-05-29 15:55:20
1. Excerpt: yishop e-commerce system
at present, the best e-commerce in China is "centralized" mode. The so-called centralized mode means that an e-commerce platform concentrates all businesses and eyeballs / traffic and becomes the first entrance for consumers to shop. Consumers find goods through this entrance, and the platform allocates benefits through this entrance<
the concept of decentralization has been boiling in the past two years, and the climax appeared in December last year. Zhang Xiaolong elaborated the eight views of wechat public platform in detail, one of which is that "wechat wants to build a real decentralized system, it will not provide a centralized traffic entrance to all public platform parties and third parties".
at present, the best e-commerce in China is "centralized" mode. The so-called centralized mode means that an e-commerce platform concentrates all businesses and eyeballs / traffic and becomes the first entrance for consumers to shop. Consumers find goods through this entrance, and the platform allocates benefits through this entrance<
the concept of decentralization has been boiling in the past two years, and the climax appeared in December last year. Zhang Xiaolong elaborated the eight views of wechat public platform in detail, one of which is that "wechat wants to build a real decentralized system, it will not provide a centralized traffic entrance to all public platform parties and third parties".
2. E-commerce is a new interdisciplinary subject integrating computer science, marketing, management, law and modern logistics. The purpose is to train senior application-oriented technical personnel who systematically master the basic knowledge and skills of e-commerce, are familiar with the basic business processes of various e-commerce activities, and can skillfully use e-commerce skills and modern information technology to engage in e-commerce activities, e-commerce website and system construction and security maintenance, and e-commerce management business. Basic introction
Electronic Commerce (EC). Generally speaking, e-commerce, e-commerce is the use of the Internet to carry out business activities. When an enterprise directly connects its main business with its staff, customers, suppliers and partners through its intranet, extranet and Internet, the activity that occurs is e-commerce. It is a new interdisciplinary subject integrating computer science, marketing, management, law and modern logistics. Cultivate innovative and compound e-commerce senior professionals who master the basic theories and knowledge of computer information technology, marketing, international trade, management, law and modern logistics, have the ability to carry out business activities by using the network, improve enterprise management methods by using computer information technology and modern logistics methods, and improve enterprise management level
folding professional direction
e-commerce major has six professional directions: website design and program direction, network marketing editing direction, network proct planning direction, enterprise informatization, personal network entrepreneurship and bank card R & D direction. The courses required by e-commerce major in different colleges and universities are also different. Some colleges and universities pay attention to e-commerce network technology and computer technology, and some colleges and universities will focus on business model. These are mainly reflected in the departments of the major, some in the school of management, some in the school of information science and technology, and some in the school of software, In this way, there will be some differences in the specialties of students cultivated in various colleges and universities<
employment direction
after graation, you can be engaged in bank background operation (network operation), website design, website construction and maintenance, or network editing, website content maintenance and network marketing (including international trade), marketing planning of enterprise goods and services, or engaged in customer relationship management E-commerce project management, e-commerce activities planning and operation, e-commerce system development and maintenance, and engaged in E-commerce Teaching in schools at all levels. College students can also be engaged in telemarketing, e-commerce assistant and other civilian work in the call center. The average annual salary is about 15W, which is worth recommending.
Electronic Commerce (EC). Generally speaking, e-commerce, e-commerce is the use of the Internet to carry out business activities. When an enterprise directly connects its main business with its staff, customers, suppliers and partners through its intranet, extranet and Internet, the activity that occurs is e-commerce. It is a new interdisciplinary subject integrating computer science, marketing, management, law and modern logistics. Cultivate innovative and compound e-commerce senior professionals who master the basic theories and knowledge of computer information technology, marketing, international trade, management, law and modern logistics, have the ability to carry out business activities by using the network, improve enterprise management methods by using computer information technology and modern logistics methods, and improve enterprise management level
folding professional direction
e-commerce major has six professional directions: website design and program direction, network marketing editing direction, network proct planning direction, enterprise informatization, personal network entrepreneurship and bank card R & D direction. The courses required by e-commerce major in different colleges and universities are also different. Some colleges and universities pay attention to e-commerce network technology and computer technology, and some colleges and universities will focus on business model. These are mainly reflected in the departments of the major, some in the school of management, some in the school of information science and technology, and some in the school of software, In this way, there will be some differences in the specialties of students cultivated in various colleges and universities<
employment direction
after graation, you can be engaged in bank background operation (network operation), website design, website construction and maintenance, or network editing, website content maintenance and network marketing (including international trade), marketing planning of enterprise goods and services, or engaged in customer relationship management E-commerce project management, e-commerce activities planning and operation, e-commerce system development and maintenance, and engaged in E-commerce Teaching in schools at all levels. College students can also be engaged in telemarketing, e-commerce assistant and other civilian work in the call center. The average annual salary is about 15W, which is worth recommending.
3.
You can pay the make-up fee after you pass the exam, or you can pay the make-up fee after the appointment of subject 2 is successful
the specific methods of payment through the traffic safety integrated service management platform are as follows:
1. Open the network search, enter "12123" in the search column, and then find the official website of the Internet traffic safety integrated service management platform of the Ministry of public security and click to enter
4. No. I have to pay at your registration office
5. QC is the abbreviation of quality control in English and "quality control" in Chinese.
this is the QC seal. Generally, there will be time and pass on it. R001 may be QC job number and so on.
this is the QC seal. Generally, there will be time and pass on it. R001 may be QC job number and so on.
6. IQC: (incoming quality control)
IPQC: (input process quality control)
FQC: (final quality control)
OQC: (outgoing quality control)
IQC
Introction to IQC
IQC, At present, IQC focuses on the quality inspection of incoming materials, but the function of the quality control of incoming materials is weak. The work direction of IQC is to change from passive inspection to active control, move forward the quality control, find the quality problems at the front end, rece the quality cost, achieve effective control, and assist suppliers to improve the internal quality control level< IQC responsibilities
1. Incoming material inspection
the main work of the incoming material inspector is the incoming material inspection, and IQC inspection can be briefly described as the confirmation of all or main characteristics of the outsourcing materials with reference to the relevant standards of the materials; Or confirm whether it meets the use requirements. The responsibility of the inspector is to complete the operation step by step in strict accordance with the relevant technical document standards and material operation instructions, so as to complete the inspection of various types of materials and determine the qualified and unqualified materials< In addition, IQC should track and deal with the quality problems found in the inspection process, as well as the major material quality problems fed back by proction and market, and establish preventive measures within IQC
3. Statistics and feedback of material quality problems in the whole process
statistics of quality data in the process of receiving and inspecting incoming materials, and feedback to relevant departments in the form of weekly report and monthly report of expert group, as the basis of supplier's incoming material quality control and management
IQC importance
& quot; IQC's main task is to control the quality of all purchased materials and outsourcing processing materials, ensure that the procts that do not meet the company's relevant technical standards do not enter the company's warehouse and proction line, and ensure that the procts used in proction are qualified procts. IQC is the front end of the company's whole supply chain, and the first line of defense and gate to build the company's quality system. If the quality problems can not be controlled or not strictly controlled, and the unqualified materials are allowed to enter the warehouse and proction line, the quality problems will be magnified exponentially in the later process. If the hidden quality problems are brought to the market, the losses will be immeasurable, and even catastrophic consequences will be caused. Therefore, IQC inspector's post responsibility is very important, and work quality is very important. As an important part of quality control, IQC should strictly follow the standards and requirements, and quality management should not be interfered by other factors. For special cases that need to be released, the decision shall be made by the quality and process department, and the IQC personnel shall not bear the risk< br />"
work content
1. Incoming inspection, also known as acceptance inspection, is the control point to prevent defective materials from entering the material warehouse, and also the main source of information for evaluating suppliers
2. Due to the quality reliability of the supplier and the quantity, unit price and volume of the materials, the imported materials are planned as full inspection, random inspection and exemption from inspection
A. full inspection: small quantity and high unit price
B. random inspection: large quantity or frequent materials
C. inspection exemption: materials with large quantity, low unit price, general subsidies or certified as inspection exemption manufacturers or limitations
3. Inspection items
(1) appearance inspection
(2) inspection of size and structural characteristics
(3) electrical characteristic test
(4) chemical characteristic inspection
(5) physical property test
(6) mechanical property inspection
4. Inspection method
(1) appearance inspection: visual inspection, hand feeling and limited samples are generally used
(2) dimension inspection: such as vernier, decimeter, projector
(3) structural characteristic inspection: such as tension meter and torsion meter
(4) characteristic test: use testing instruments or equipment< Sampling inspection
5.1 sampling plan
5.2 quality characteristics: general characteristics and special characteristics
general features: such as appearance features
(1) the inspection work is easy; Such as appearance characteristics, proction quality has a direct and important impact
(2) the variation of quality characteristics is too high
(3) destructive testing
6. Inspection items
(1) landing test
except for the requirements of customers, all tests are carried out in accordance with the requirements of American Motor Transport Association for one corner three Ling and six side landing tests
(2) environmental tests
were carried out according to relevant national funds
(3) vibration test
according to relevant national data
(4) life test
according to the design requirements< (5) pressure test
according to the general level II sampling, refer to the inspection specification
(6) power inspection
according to the general level II sampling, refer to the inspection specification
(7) temperature inspection
according to the general level II sampling, refer to the inspection specification
(8) structural inspection
according to the general level II sampling, refer to the inspection specification
(9) appearance inspection
according to the general level II sampling, refer to the inspection specification
(10) packaging accessories inspection
according to the general level II sampling, refer to the inspection specification
summary:
1. Formulate the incoming inspection standard and implement the incoming inspection
2. Properly handle the abnormal feeding quality
3. Sort out and evaluate the delivery quality performance of raw material suppliers and cooperative manufacturers
4. Put forward suggestions for improvement of raw material specifications
5. Management and calibration of inspection instruments and gauges
6. Sampling inspection of incoming stock procts, identification and scrap reporting
7
8. IPQC (input process quality control) means process control in Chinese, which refers to the quality control of the proct from the material into proction to the final packaging process< br />" 1. Responsible for the first inspection and part process inspection, confirmation, identification and statistics of defective procts in the process
2. Responsible for patrol inspection, regular inspection and confirmation of material use, assembly operation, machine operation and environmental compliance in the whole proction process
3. IPQC is generally the first inspection, patrol inspection and sampling inspection; It is itinerant flow inspection in the process; It is under the management of the quality assurance department.
IPQC: generally refers to the quality control of the proction activities at each stage from the material warehousing to the finished proct warehousing, i.e. input process quality control. The quality inspection relative to this stage is called FQC (final quality control)< (1) the main methods of process inspection are as follows:
a. the combination of first article self inspection, mutual inspection and special inspection
B. combining process control with sampling and inspection
C. centralized inspection of multiple processes
D. process by process inspection
E. inspection after proct completion
F. combination of sampling and full inspection< (2) process quality control (IPQC): patrol inspection of the proction process
A. first article inspection
B. material check
C. inspection: ensure appropriate inspection time and frequency, and inspect in strict accordance with inspection standards or operation instructions. Including the inspection of proct quality, process proceres, machine operation parameters, material placement, identification, environment, etc; D. the inspection records shall be filled in truthfully
③ process proct quality inspection (FQC): it refers to the quality verification after the completion of the proct to determine whether the batch of procts can flow into the next process. It belongs to fixed-point inspection or acceptance inspection
A. inspection items: appearance, size, physical and chemical properties, etc
B. inspection method: sampling inspection is generally adopted
C. Treatment of unqualified procts; d. Records< (4) standards: operation instruction, process inspection standard, process inspection and test procere, etc& quot;
quality inspection method
1. Total inspection:
the inspection method of inspecting all the procts or materials submitted for inspection without omission. It is suitable for the following situations:
① small batch, simple inspection and low cost
2. The proct must be qualified
③ if there is a small amount of disqualification in the proct, it may cause fatal impact on the proct< Sampling inspection:
it is a typical statistical inference to select some indivials from all indivials of a batch of procts for inspection and judge whether the whole batch of procts are qualified according to the inspection results of the samples
① it is applicable to the following situations: A. destructive test is required for proct performance inspection
B. the batch size is too large for full inspection
C. It needs longer inspection time and higher inspection cost
D. some defective procts are allowed< (2) relevant terms in sampling inspection:
A. inspection lot: the same procts are gathered together as the objects of sampling inspection; Generally speaking, a proction batch is an inspection batch. A proction batch can be divided into several inspection batches, but an inspection batch can not contain multiple proction batches, nor can it be combined randomly
B. batch: the number of units in a batch
C. sampling number: the number of procts selected from the batch
D. disqualification number (RE): abbreviation of reject, i.e. reject
E. acceptance number (AC): the abbreviation of accept, i.e. receive
F. acceptable quality level (AQL): abbreviation of acceptable quality level. Generally speaking, it is the acceptable unqualified proct rate
3. Determination of sampling plan:
the sampling plan adopted by our factory is designed according to the national standard GB2828 "sampling proceres and tables for inspection by attributes batch by batch". The specific application steps are as follows:
① determine the proct quality criteria:
② select the inspection level: general inspection level is divided into I, II and III; The special examination level is divided into s-1, S-2, S-3 and S-4. Generally, the general level II is used
③ selection of qualified quality level (AQL): AQL is the main basis for the selection of sampling plan, which should be jointly agreed by the manufacturer and the user< (4) determine the sample size code, that is, the number of samples
⑤ select the type of sampling plan: one normal sampling plan, strict sampling plan, or multiple sampling plan< (6) look up the table to determine the number of qualified (AC) and unqualified (RE)
OQC
OQC: delivery quality audit / delivery quality inspection / (delivery quality control)
1. Suppliers must implement delivery inspection in accordance with the standards agreed in the contract or order between the supplier and the demander< OQC refers to the quality inspection / quality audit and control of procts before delivery. It mainly focuses on the packaging status, anti-collision materials, proct identification / safety signs, accessories (accessories
kits), user manual / warranty, additional software CD-ROM, proct performance test report, outer box label, etc, In order to ensure that customers receive the goods in accordance with the agreed content
and deliver the goods in a way that fully meets the standard
3. The treatment of the unqualified procts found after OQC depends on the different conditions of the unqualified procts, which may go back to the pre process or semi-finished proct stage for rework or repair, and it needs to pass the OQC to be tested again. If the quality of the proct cannot be reworked or repaired, it will be directly scrapped and included in the cost of proction loss; Or be degraded (down
grade) and sold to customers with lower quality requirements
4
IPQC: (input process quality control)
FQC: (final quality control)
OQC: (outgoing quality control)
IQC
Introction to IQC
IQC, At present, IQC focuses on the quality inspection of incoming materials, but the function of the quality control of incoming materials is weak. The work direction of IQC is to change from passive inspection to active control, move forward the quality control, find the quality problems at the front end, rece the quality cost, achieve effective control, and assist suppliers to improve the internal quality control level< IQC responsibilities
1. Incoming material inspection
the main work of the incoming material inspector is the incoming material inspection, and IQC inspection can be briefly described as the confirmation of all or main characteristics of the outsourcing materials with reference to the relevant standards of the materials; Or confirm whether it meets the use requirements. The responsibility of the inspector is to complete the operation step by step in strict accordance with the relevant technical document standards and material operation instructions, so as to complete the inspection of various types of materials and determine the qualified and unqualified materials< In addition, IQC should track and deal with the quality problems found in the inspection process, as well as the major material quality problems fed back by proction and market, and establish preventive measures within IQC
3. Statistics and feedback of material quality problems in the whole process
statistics of quality data in the process of receiving and inspecting incoming materials, and feedback to relevant departments in the form of weekly report and monthly report of expert group, as the basis of supplier's incoming material quality control and management
IQC importance
& quot; IQC's main task is to control the quality of all purchased materials and outsourcing processing materials, ensure that the procts that do not meet the company's relevant technical standards do not enter the company's warehouse and proction line, and ensure that the procts used in proction are qualified procts. IQC is the front end of the company's whole supply chain, and the first line of defense and gate to build the company's quality system. If the quality problems can not be controlled or not strictly controlled, and the unqualified materials are allowed to enter the warehouse and proction line, the quality problems will be magnified exponentially in the later process. If the hidden quality problems are brought to the market, the losses will be immeasurable, and even catastrophic consequences will be caused. Therefore, IQC inspector's post responsibility is very important, and work quality is very important. As an important part of quality control, IQC should strictly follow the standards and requirements, and quality management should not be interfered by other factors. For special cases that need to be released, the decision shall be made by the quality and process department, and the IQC personnel shall not bear the risk< br />"
work content
1. Incoming inspection, also known as acceptance inspection, is the control point to prevent defective materials from entering the material warehouse, and also the main source of information for evaluating suppliers
2. Due to the quality reliability of the supplier and the quantity, unit price and volume of the materials, the imported materials are planned as full inspection, random inspection and exemption from inspection
A. full inspection: small quantity and high unit price
B. random inspection: large quantity or frequent materials
C. inspection exemption: materials with large quantity, low unit price, general subsidies or certified as inspection exemption manufacturers or limitations
3. Inspection items
(1) appearance inspection
(2) inspection of size and structural characteristics
(3) electrical characteristic test
(4) chemical characteristic inspection
(5) physical property test
(6) mechanical property inspection
4. Inspection method
(1) appearance inspection: visual inspection, hand feeling and limited samples are generally used
(2) dimension inspection: such as vernier, decimeter, projector
(3) structural characteristic inspection: such as tension meter and torsion meter
(4) characteristic test: use testing instruments or equipment< Sampling inspection
5.1 sampling plan
5.2 quality characteristics: general characteristics and special characteristics
general features: such as appearance features
(1) the inspection work is easy; Such as appearance characteristics, proction quality has a direct and important impact
(2) the variation of quality characteristics is too high
(3) destructive testing
6. Inspection items
(1) landing test
except for the requirements of customers, all tests are carried out in accordance with the requirements of American Motor Transport Association for one corner three Ling and six side landing tests
(2) environmental tests
were carried out according to relevant national funds
(3) vibration test
according to relevant national data
(4) life test
according to the design requirements< (5) pressure test
according to the general level II sampling, refer to the inspection specification
(6) power inspection
according to the general level II sampling, refer to the inspection specification
(7) temperature inspection
according to the general level II sampling, refer to the inspection specification
(8) structural inspection
according to the general level II sampling, refer to the inspection specification
(9) appearance inspection
according to the general level II sampling, refer to the inspection specification
(10) packaging accessories inspection
according to the general level II sampling, refer to the inspection specification
summary:
1. Formulate the incoming inspection standard and implement the incoming inspection
2. Properly handle the abnormal feeding quality
3. Sort out and evaluate the delivery quality performance of raw material suppliers and cooperative manufacturers
4. Put forward suggestions for improvement of raw material specifications
5. Management and calibration of inspection instruments and gauges
6. Sampling inspection of incoming stock procts, identification and scrap reporting
7
8. IPQC (input process quality control) means process control in Chinese, which refers to the quality control of the proct from the material into proction to the final packaging process< br />" 1. Responsible for the first inspection and part process inspection, confirmation, identification and statistics of defective procts in the process
2. Responsible for patrol inspection, regular inspection and confirmation of material use, assembly operation, machine operation and environmental compliance in the whole proction process
3. IPQC is generally the first inspection, patrol inspection and sampling inspection; It is itinerant flow inspection in the process; It is under the management of the quality assurance department.
IPQC: generally refers to the quality control of the proction activities at each stage from the material warehousing to the finished proct warehousing, i.e. input process quality control. The quality inspection relative to this stage is called FQC (final quality control)< (1) the main methods of process inspection are as follows:
a. the combination of first article self inspection, mutual inspection and special inspection
B. combining process control with sampling and inspection
C. centralized inspection of multiple processes
D. process by process inspection
E. inspection after proct completion
F. combination of sampling and full inspection< (2) process quality control (IPQC): patrol inspection of the proction process
A. first article inspection
B. material check
C. inspection: ensure appropriate inspection time and frequency, and inspect in strict accordance with inspection standards or operation instructions. Including the inspection of proct quality, process proceres, machine operation parameters, material placement, identification, environment, etc; D. the inspection records shall be filled in truthfully
③ process proct quality inspection (FQC): it refers to the quality verification after the completion of the proct to determine whether the batch of procts can flow into the next process. It belongs to fixed-point inspection or acceptance inspection
A. inspection items: appearance, size, physical and chemical properties, etc
B. inspection method: sampling inspection is generally adopted
C. Treatment of unqualified procts; d. Records< (4) standards: operation instruction, process inspection standard, process inspection and test procere, etc& quot;
quality inspection method
1. Total inspection:
the inspection method of inspecting all the procts or materials submitted for inspection without omission. It is suitable for the following situations:
① small batch, simple inspection and low cost
2. The proct must be qualified
③ if there is a small amount of disqualification in the proct, it may cause fatal impact on the proct< Sampling inspection:
it is a typical statistical inference to select some indivials from all indivials of a batch of procts for inspection and judge whether the whole batch of procts are qualified according to the inspection results of the samples
① it is applicable to the following situations: A. destructive test is required for proct performance inspection
B. the batch size is too large for full inspection
C. It needs longer inspection time and higher inspection cost
D. some defective procts are allowed< (2) relevant terms in sampling inspection:
A. inspection lot: the same procts are gathered together as the objects of sampling inspection; Generally speaking, a proction batch is an inspection batch. A proction batch can be divided into several inspection batches, but an inspection batch can not contain multiple proction batches, nor can it be combined randomly
B. batch: the number of units in a batch
C. sampling number: the number of procts selected from the batch
D. disqualification number (RE): abbreviation of reject, i.e. reject
E. acceptance number (AC): the abbreviation of accept, i.e. receive
F. acceptable quality level (AQL): abbreviation of acceptable quality level. Generally speaking, it is the acceptable unqualified proct rate
3. Determination of sampling plan:
the sampling plan adopted by our factory is designed according to the national standard GB2828 "sampling proceres and tables for inspection by attributes batch by batch". The specific application steps are as follows:
① determine the proct quality criteria:
② select the inspection level: general inspection level is divided into I, II and III; The special examination level is divided into s-1, S-2, S-3 and S-4. Generally, the general level II is used
③ selection of qualified quality level (AQL): AQL is the main basis for the selection of sampling plan, which should be jointly agreed by the manufacturer and the user< (4) determine the sample size code, that is, the number of samples
⑤ select the type of sampling plan: one normal sampling plan, strict sampling plan, or multiple sampling plan< (6) look up the table to determine the number of qualified (AC) and unqualified (RE)
OQC
OQC: delivery quality audit / delivery quality inspection / (delivery quality control)
1. Suppliers must implement delivery inspection in accordance with the standards agreed in the contract or order between the supplier and the demander< OQC refers to the quality inspection / quality audit and control of procts before delivery. It mainly focuses on the packaging status, anti-collision materials, proct identification / safety signs, accessories (accessories
kits), user manual / warranty, additional software CD-ROM, proct performance test report, outer box label, etc, In order to ensure that customers receive the goods in accordance with the agreed content
and deliver the goods in a way that fully meets the standard
3. The treatment of the unqualified procts found after OQC depends on the different conditions of the unqualified procts, which may go back to the pre process or semi-finished proct stage for rework or repair, and it needs to pass the OQC to be tested again. If the quality of the proct cannot be reworked or repaired, it will be directly scrapped and included in the cost of proction loss; Or be degraded (down
grade) and sold to customers with lower quality requirements
4
7. It's the same at the beginning and end of the period
and the functions at the beginning and end of the period are different
QM corresponds to QC
QM is the end of the term or QC is the end of the term, the other is the corresponding
and the functions at the beginning and end of the period are different
QM corresponds to QC
QM is the end of the term or QC is the end of the term, the other is the corresponding
8. Since you want to do financial management, you need to train your eyes. Now, the CCP Jinji park is still very good, which can make the relationship of mutual benefit and mutual benefit become a new kind of beneficial relationship.
9. Everyone puts money into it, and everyone can get back the money. Who will get the money to you? Will the old platform give you the money? Is there a free lunch in the world?
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