How to calculate axial force with section method

1. Surface method: the so-called cross-section method is a method to use the imaginary cross-section to cut the bar at the required position, and then use the balance equation to calculate the internal force from the external force. The steps of calculating internal force with section method are as follows: (1) cut the section where you want to calculate the internal force, suppose to cut the bar, leave the research object, and discard the other part 2) Instead, the force (i.e. the internal force to be calculated) is used to replace the effect of the abandoned part on the research object. 4. The algebraic sum of the moments of two mutually balanced forces to the same point is zero 3) Calculate and draw the force diagram of the research object, and use the balance equation to calculate the internal force from the known external force.

2.

The axial force of AC section is - 20KN, not - 10kN. Because - 10kN acts on point C, the AC is disconnected, the left part is taken as the isolator, and only the left end bears the axial force of - 20KN, so the axial force is - 20KN. Similarly, the axial force of CD segment is - 10kN, and that of de segment is + 10kN

For columns with large slenderness ratio, the initial eccentricity caused by various accidental factors cannot be ignored. With the increase of the load, the lateral deflection also increases. The compression deformation and bending deformation of the member occur at the same time. Finally, the member is destroyed under the combined action of axial pressure and additional bending moment

firstly, the concavity compressive concrete is crushed, the longitudinal reinforcement is bent and bulged out, and the concrete cover is peeled off; At the same time, when the convex surface is under tension, the concrete will proce horizontal cracks, the lateral deflection will increase sharply, and the column will be damaged

Extended data:

for short columns with longitudinal bars and stirrups, the strain of the whole section is basically uniform under axial load. When the load is small, the concrete and steel are in the elastic stage. As the load continues to increase, the lateral deformation of the concrete increases, the fiber stress at the edge of the section first reaches the tensile strength of the concrete, and micro cracks begin to appear in the column

After

because the elastic molus of steel bar is greater than that of concrete, the stress of steel bar increases rapidly, the stress of column longitudinal bar first reaches the tensile strength of steel bar and is crushed, and micro cracks begin to appear in the column

3. Cut a knife at any place between CDs, then keep the upper section and discard the lower section, and substitute a force FCD at the section of the reserved section. Finally, the balance equation is listed as follows:
∑ f = 0, fcd-f2 + F1 = 0, FCD = f2-f1 = 20-20 = 0 (KN)
four word formula of section method (four steps): cutting, discarding, replacing and leveling

4. After Macao passes the customs, take the free bus of Jinsha amusement park (Note: don't take the wrong bus in the center of Jinsha city), get off at Jinsha amusement park, and cross the road to the fisherman's Wharf

to get to the new road from fisherman's Wharf, you can take bus No.12 at Sun Yat Sen road / fisherman's Wharf station, get off at John IV road / MA Tongling Street station, walk 100 meters to the opposite John IV Road station, and then transfer to bus no.18a to get off at the new road. The fare is Macau $3.2 per journey, totaling $6.4.

5. This is determined by the confirmation time of bitcoin blockchain. Normally, it takes 10 minutes to confirm a block. In case of block congestion, the time will be longer.

6. 1. Administrative units are usually from Monday to Friday. This is true in Shenzhen. When I buy a second-hand house, the agent is more anxious than me. He will arrange it for you. Anyway, you don't have to pay the last 50% of the rent until you see the lease, no matter what the reason. If necessary, you will say that your wife will not give you the rest of the money. Is the organization you are looking for a powerful one? If so, it would be more legal. I have been to the real estate trading center twice, one is to apply for transfer, the second is to give the real estate certificate to the intermediary fee. About a week apart. 3. The general intermediary is like this, the transfer key is yours, the intermediary will take you there to handle the property transfer procere. In order to avoid wasting money, property fees, utilities fees, gas fees and cable TV fees should be collected from the property. It's very clear in the sale and purchase agreement who bought the house. Anyway, notice that the fee to the intermediary is not too direct. It's better to leave a tail for the money to the owner. For example, ask the intermediary to place a bet of $5000. Finally, you can accept the house, and then inform the intermediary to pay. Before you get the key and go in and check the house... Leaks, pipes, water meters, cracks in the load-bearing walls... And all the other boring stuff... You have to tell the agent the five thousand dollars. Congratulations on your new home!

7. This is not necessarily, some places may be based on the transaction period, that is, 5 years or other requirements, so this is not necessarily, you can go to the local housing management office for a consultation.

8. The process of second-hand house transaction is as follows:
1. The buyer and the seller sign the house sale contract first
2. The Seller shall deal with the relevant issues that the House fails to meet the transaction transfer conditions
3. If the buyer purchases the house with mortgage loan, he should apply for the loan from the bank and obtain the written reply from the bank; If the buyer pays in lump sum, this step is unnecessary
4. According to the requirements of the local housing authority, both parties should bring the original house property certificate and ID card to the real estate exchange for transaction application. If some taxes or fees are paid in advance before delivery, prepare the money
5. After successful delivery and receipt from the real estate exchange, the buyer shall pay the down payment to the seller as agreed
6. After the tax inquiry, tax payment and transfer proceres are completed, the buyer pays the balance of the house price, and the seller delivers the house to the buyer on the same day
7. The Seller shall assist the buyer to complete the transfer proceres of other related matters, such as property management office, power supply department, etc.

9.

Venezuela launched a new currency on August 20. At the same time, the Venezuelan government announced a series of economic reform measures to deal with hyperinflation and try to put Venezuela's economy back on track

from the 20th, the new currency "sovereign Bolivar" replaced the original currency "strong Bolivar" and began to circulate, with the exchange rate of 1:100000. The Venezuelan government issued banknotes with a minimum denomination of 2 sovereign bolivars and a maximum denomination of 500 sovereign bolivars, as well as coins with two denominations. New notes and old notes will coexist for some time

analysts believe that the issuance of the new currency will effectively alleviate the serious "cash shortage" in Venezuela, make the paper money have a certain purchasing power again, rece the burden of the banking system, and improve the overall circulation and transaction efficiency of the society

analysts believe that the strength of the currency reform, together with a package of economic, financial and social welfare reform measures, shows the determination of the CPC Central Committee government to promote economic transformation, and also responds to the people's desire to improve their lives to a certain extent. However, it remains to be seen whether it can help the CPC Central Committee extricate itself from its economic difficulties as soon as possible

At the same time, the Venezuelan government announced a series of economic reform measures to deal with hyperinflation in an attempt to put Venezuela's economy back on track

from the 20th, the new currency "sovereign Bolivar" replaced the original currency "strong Bolivar" and began to circulate, with the exchange rate of 1:100000. The Venezuelan government issued banknotes with a minimum denomination of 2 sovereign bolivars and a maximum denomination of 500 sovereign bolivars, as well as coins with two denominations. New notes and old notes will coexist for some time

Previously, Venezuelan President Maro also announced a series of economic reform measures, including raising the minimum wage, increasing oil prices, implementing the zero deficit fiscal policy, and tightening currency issuance. But analysts are generally skeptical about whether the reform can curb inflation

Venezuela officially launched the monetary reform on the 20th, and the new currency "sovereign Bolivar", which is five zeros less than the original currency "strong Bolivar", entered the circulation field. At the same time, the Maro government also announced a series of economic reform measures. Analysts believe that the simultaneous implementation of monetary reform and economic reform shows the government's determination to change its economic model, but its impact on the economy and society remains to be seen

vice president Rodriguez of Venezuela said on the same day that the currency reform was successful on the first day, more than 92% of the country's banking platforms had completed technical adjustment, and 400000 credit card transactions with sovereign Bolivar as the currency unit were completed in the morning of that day

analysts believe that the issuance of the new currency will effectively alleviate the serious "cash shortage" in Venezuela, make the paper money have a certain purchasing power again, rece the burden of the banking system, and improve the overall circulation and transaction efficiency of the society

In addition to the monetary reform, Venezuelan President Maro recently proposed a series of economic reform plans. First of all, take the crypto digital currency petroleum currency issued by the Venezuelan government last year as the domestic pricing benchmark, and establish the only floating exchange rate system with anchored petroleum currency. At the same time, domestic legal persons and indivials are allowed to exchange foreign exchange. When the currency reform is completed, a petroleum currency (worth about $60) will equal 3600 sovereign bolivars

secondly, in order to improve people's livelihood, the monthly social minimum wage will be raised to 1800 sovereign bolivars, that is, 0.5 petrodollars

Thirdly, the issue of money will be linked with the actual output of the country, so as to rece the "unnecessary" issue of money; At the same time, we should realize the fiscal policy of zero deficit. For this purpose, we should raise the VAT rate from the current 12% to 16%, and change the frequency of tax collection from semi monthly to weekly

Fourthly, the domestic gasoline price should be greatly increased to be in line with the international gasoline price within two years, and the government should provide relevant subsidies to the middle and low-income people

Former Venezuelan economy minister and economist Salas told Xinhua that the currency reform and economic reform were carried out at the same time, showing the determination of Venezuela's government to promote profound economic transformation, but whether the final effect of the reform can be recognized by all parties remains to be seen