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In addition to the U.S. Yellowstone Park is a volcanic geological Forest Park, China also has geological forest parks caused by volcanic activities, such as the famous Wudalianchi scenic spot and Wudalianchi world geological park. The park is located in the north central part of Heilongjiang Province, in the transition zone from Xiaoxing'an Mountains to Songnen Plain. The Geopark is adjacent to Wudalianchi City, Sunwu County, Nenjiang County and Nehe City, with a total area of 1060 square kilometers. In 2000, the Heilongjiang provincial government established the Wudalianchi Management Committee, which is entrusted with the functions of an independent county-level government. It is administratively subordinate to the people's Government of Heihe City and is responsible for the protection of Wudalianchi resources and the development of scenic spots
in the 1060 square kilometers scenic area of Wudalianchi World Geopark, there are 14 new and old volcanoes, with a large eruption age gap, which is rare in the world from more than 2 million years in prehistory to more than 280 years in modern times. According to the records of Heilongjiang waiji: "in the southeast of moergan (now Nenjiang River), a fire suddenly broke out in the ground one day, rocks soared, and the sound shook the four fields. After several days, the fire went out, and the land became a pool. This happened in 1719, the 58th year of Kangxi." It is also recorded in a brief account of Ninggu Pagoda: "there is a flood 50 miles away from the city (de), and there are 30 miles around it. In June and July of the 59th year of Kangxi (1720), fireworks suddenly burst into the sky. The sound is like thunder, and it can be heard day and night for 50 or 60 miles. All the people flying out are black stone and sulfur. After years of continuous development, they become a mountain to the city."
Wudalianchi has the world's most complete preservation, the most concentrated distribution, the most complete categories, the most typical appearance of the new and old volcanic geological landforms. There are 14 volcanic cones rising from the ground, with beautiful scenery; Shilong, Shihai, lava waterfall, lava tunnel, lava bell milk, lava vortex, elephant trunk lava, Fanhua lava, jet cone dish, volcanic gravel and volcanic bomb, and other micro geomorphic landscapes are in various forms. They are known by scientists as the world's three "natural volcano museums" and "open volcanic mountain textbooks". The Wudalianchi Lake is also named after the Wudalianchi Lake, a vast ancient depression basin, which was filled by the latest volcanic magma. It is the second largest volcano dammed lake in China, with complex changes of pool bank curve and excellent landscape effect. The iron siliceous calcium magnesium bicarbonate type mineral water here is a world famous spring at home and abroad, enjoying the reputation of "holy spring" and "holy water". It is also known as "three cold springs in the world" together with Vichy mineral spring in France and North Caucasus mineral spring in Russia. It has a history of medical treatment, drinking therapy and washing therapy for thousands of years. It has a magical effect on rehabilitation and human health and longevity At present, Wudalianchi has won two world-class laurels of "World Geopark" and "world man and biosphere reserve" and 11 national honors. The 11 national honors are: National Nature Reserve, China's hometown of mineral water, China's top ten scenic spots with the most potential, China's top 40 tourist attractions, China's famous hometown of volcanoes, China's biosphere reserve, National Natural Heritage, national key scenic spots, National Forest Park, National Geopark and national AAAA scenic spot. At present, it has developed 12 light viewing areas, 8 wonders and more than 400 scenic spots. The unique geological resources have created six rare natural environments for Wudalianchi: the purest natural oxygen bar in the world; It has the highest grade magnetized mineralized charge ion water with medical and health care function in the world; There is a set of health care, beauty, medical treatment in one of the mineral spring wash treatment, mud treatment area; There is a natural volcanic lava platform solar thermal therapy field; It has the most complete function and the largest scale volcanic geological magnetic environment with 1000-3000 gamma peaks; There are pure green mineral spring series health food free from any pollution. Thus formed the world's most comprehensive conditions of the natural environment physiotherapy basethe world famous volcanoes similar to Wudalianchi volcano are Hawaii volcano in the United States, reunion volcano in the Indian Ocean, central highland volcano in France and Toro Anker volcano in Uganda in the East African Rift Valley. The magma of these world-famous volcanoes and Wudalianchi volcano are basic, and their volcanic activity mode belongs to Hawaiian eruption, and the volcanic landscape formed after the eruption is basically similar. However, although the scale of these volcanoes is larger than that of Wudalianchi volcano, the landform of Wudalianchi volcano is more complete, concentrated and typical. For example, no volcanic barrier lakes have been formed near these world-famous volcanoes, and no mineral spring has been found except in the volcanic area of the central highlands of France. Jet cones and jet discs are even rare. Only in the reunion volcanic area in the Indian Ocean, jet cones and jet discs with short indivials and incomplete development are occasionally found. In contrast, Wudalianchi volcano has a more distinctive landscape of mountains and rivers, water and fire. The well-developed, well preserved, multi-faceted and thousands of jet cones in Fanhua lava are unique in the world, which can be described as a wonder of the world
The area of barrier lake in Wudalianchi scenic spot is 18.7 square kilometers, the maximum depth of pool water is 27-31 meters, and the volume of pool water is 157 million cubic meters. It was formed by the basalt flow weir which was erupted twice by 14 volcanoes in 1719 and 1720-1721. The river water is blocked to form five Beaded lakes. From the south to the north, they are touchi, erhchi, Sanchi, Sichi and Wuchi. Five pools are connected, 5250 meters long; The fourth and fifth ponds are sediment bottom; Part of the three pools is sediment bottom and part is lava bottom; Most of the two pools are lava bottom, and a few are mud bottom; One pool is all lava bottom. The rivers in this area are poorly developed, there are no big rivers and the water flow is small. The main rivers are Shilong River (Baihe River), Yaoquan River and Yaoquan river. The lake area has a beautiful scenery, the nearby volcanic vent is well preserved, and the traces of lava flow on the surface are still clearly visible The water temperature of Wudalianchi Lake increased to above 10 ℃ in the middle of May and decreased to below 10 ℃ in the late of September, with the highest water temperature in July (20-26 ℃). There are 39 species of fish in 10 families in Wudalianchi. The common species are crucian carp, common carp, soft shelled turtle, silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp, etc. In the 1990s, 177 species of phytoplankton belonging to 74 genera were identified in Wudalianchi In 1982, Wudalianchi, in the name of Wudalianchi scenic spot in Heilongjiang Province, was approved by the State Council as one of the first batch of national scenic spots. At present, China has established 12 national parks with volcanic landforms, but only Wudalianchi scenic spot has been selected as one of the world's geoparksZhanhe National Forest Park in Wudalianchi is the largest Forest Wetland in China, and Dazhanhe drift enjoys the reputation of "the first drift in China". In Wudalianchi, bicarbonate, metasilicic acid and weakly alkaline mineral water have their own merits. They are suitable for health and disease treatment; There are more than 4000 cubic meters of fresh water resources per capita, which is four times the standard for livable cities in China. Metasilicic acid mineral water has been introced into urban areas as drinking water, making Wudalianchi the second mineral city in the world and the first mineral city in Asia after Vichy, France. Because of the strong magnetic environment formed by volcanic geology and the special ecological function of vegetation, the air is fresh and pure, and the content of negative oxygen ions is more than 10 times higher than that of ordinary cities. It is a natural oxygen bar. The urban roads are wide, the appearance of the city is clean and tidy, the architectural styles are different, and the greening and lighting projects are pleasing to the eye; Shopping malls, hotels, convenient and friendly public services, food, housing, transportation, shopping, entertainment and other urban supporting functions are improving. It is one of the national commodity grain bases, an important timber proction base, China's only hometown of mineral water, China's top ten leisure cities, China's top 100 County Tourism counties and China's best health city
the grassland area of the city is 1735 square kilometers, the forest area is 3495 square kilometers, and the timber stock is 640000 cubic meters, mainly including more than 10 kinds of trees such as larch, oak birch and poplar. Wild animal and plant resources are extremely rich, including bears, cudgels, deer, flying dragons and other precious wild animals. It is rich in natural green procts such as Pteridium aquilinum, persimmon, Auricularia auricula, Hericium erinaceus, golden leaf vegetables, mushrooms and hundreds of precious Chinese medicinal materials such as ginseng, acanthopanax senticosus, Fritillaria, Schisandra chinensis, Astragalus. The gangue quartz ore with 99.7% grade has a reserve of 200000 tons. The reserves of granite, perlite, basalt, volcanic gravel, river stone and yellow sand are more than 400 million cubic meters
The greater Zhanhe river is the common name of the mainstream of Zhanhe River, which originates from the top of Zhanhe River in the main vein of Xiaoxing'an Mountains and flows into xunbila River, with a total length of 260 km. Its current is fast, passing through the mountains, impacting on the bottom of the cliff. Zhanhe river basin is mostly no man's land, and its ecological environment has always maintained its original state. The scenery on both sides of the river is pleasant, with many strange rocks and endless wonders. In summer, the river is clear and transparent, with rapid and slow flow, which is full of romantic and magical color. Drifting along the river can not only enjoy the lush mountains, but also fish in the clear water. It's just like the fairyland of Lijiang River in Guilin. It's like the surging Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. It's full of dangers and thrilling. In winter, it's covered with silver, ice and jade. The dense and green mother forest of Pinus koraiensis, the verdant and towering leaves of Xing'an, the graceful birch, the proud and straight poplar and other coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests are shining in the sun. On both sides of the Strait, there are more than 100 kinds of precious wild animals, such as red deer, black bear, wild boar, roe deer, lynx, flying dragon, pheasant, grey crane, wild ck, mandarin ck and so on. The river is rich in fish resources, rich in Zhero, fine scales, salmon and other precious cold water fish. There are more than 400 kinds of wild economic plants such as Codonopsis pilosula, Fritillaria, earthworm, Schisandra chinensis, acanthopanax senticosus and so on. The local specialties of this region are cucumber, daylily, bracken, Guangdong and other wild vegetables, fungus, Hericium erinaceus, mushroom and pine seed, which are pure natural green food Lianhuan lake, commonly known as "quanerpao", is located in the open area of Dawan valley of Dulu River in the construction area of erkehe forest farm, covering an area of 800 hectares. In the early years, it was the bed of the Dulu river. After the diversion of the Dulu River, the "concave" part became a deep ditch left behind, and each circle became a bubble. There are more than 10 famous blisters, such as Yueya blister, crucian carp blister, Dayan blister, swan blister, Woyu blister, pike blister, i blister, etc., and nearly 100 unknown blisters. The most magical part of Lianhuan lake is "zhuanxin Lake". Zhuanxin lake has an island in the center of the lake, which is called floating island. The floating island covers an area of about 40000 square meters, and the water surface around the island is about 40 meters. In case of south wind, the floating island is close to the north bank, the north wind is close to the south bank, the east wind is west, the west wind is East, so it is named zhuanxin lake. There are 100 year old Larch and Betula platyphylla growing on the island. The dense and closed green pine and Betula platyphylla not only add wonders to the floating island, but also create a good habitat for wild cks and other waterfowls. Every year, when the snow and ice melt and the trees become shady, you can take a low altitude bird's-eye view of the bubble with a fire-proof plane, and the scenery is particularly spectacular The West Bank of Dulu River to the east of Beiying forest farm in Zhanhe forest region is the center of volcanic eruption in history, where lava stands and rocks are everywhere. All of a sudden, a spring flows out from the middle of the mountain, and it flows all the year round. I don't know which year, the Oroqen people who were hunting in Zhanhe forest found that this spring can cure many kinds of diseases, so it became the "open-air hospital" of the e people, so they called this mountain Yaoquan mountain and this spring water "holy water". There used to be an ancient building on the hillside of Yaoquan mountainQuartz sources are mainly distributed in Jining of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Fengyang of Anhui Province, Huanggang of Hubei Province and Lingshou County of Hebei Province, with large output and high quality, and a small amount in Guangdong and Jiangxi
There are many types of quartz, including vein quartz, quartz sand, quartzite, sandstone, silica, opal, diatomite, etc. With ordinary sand, crystal is "with the birth of a kind of material."when silica crystallizes perfectly, it is crystal. After silica gels and dehydrates, it is agate. After silica water colloid solidifies, it becomes opal. When the grain size of silica is less than a few microns, it forms chalcedony, chert and secondary quartzite
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uses of quartz:
quartz is widely used in glass, casting, ceramics and refractories, metallurgy, construction, chemical instry, plastics, rubber, abrasives, electronics, coatings, aerospace, jewelry and other instries
quartz is the main raw material for making glass. Quartz glass has been widely used because of its small coefficient of thermal expansion, good thermal shock stability, good electrical performance and good chemical resistance
has an important effect on the heating of ceramic body at room temperature. Before sintering, quartz can adjust the plasticity of the slurry, rece the shrinkage, shorten the drying time and prevent the deformation of the slurry
as for depreciation, it is certain in the long run, because China has a long-term surplus and a large amount of foreign currency flows into China. With the implementation of foreign exchange control in China, banks will use RMB to buy foreign currency from businessmen (businessmen who earn foreign exchange). So a lot of money was put into the market. A large amount of money will inevitably lead to inflation.