How many subway lines can I take to Jiubao passenger transport c
bus line: Metro Line 1, the whole journey is about 7.3km
1. Walk about 310m from Hangzhou east station to east railway station
2. Take Metro Line 1, pass 5 stations, and reach the passenger transport center station
3. Walk about 250m to Hangzhou bus passenger transport center station
please remember to give me a compliment
as shown in the figure, both exits a and B of Metro Line 1 passenger transport center station can be
bus line: Metro Line 1, the whole journey is about 17.4km
1. Walk about 260m from Hangzhou city station to the city station
2. Take Metro Line 1, pass 13 stations, reach the passenger transport center station
3. Walk about 150m to Jiubao passenger transport center
the whole journey is about 29 minutes / 14.3 km / 11 stations / direct
0 Introction
"ten thousand hectares of good farmland construction project" is a key project to promote the concentration of agricultural land, residential agglomeration, land intensive and benefit intensive. Suqian is a big traditional agricultural city, and the "ten thousand hectares of good farmland construction project" has been launched in Suqian. This paper tries to analyze the basic conditions of the pilot work of "ten thousand hectares of fertile land construction project" in Suqian City, the problems existing in the planning and construction, and the problems expected in the future, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for reference
Suqian is a prefecture level city established in 1996, which governs three counties and two districts. In addition to Sucheng District, Shuyang County, Siyang County, Sihong County and Suyu District (formerly Suyu County) are all agricultural counties in Northern Jiangsu Province, which are rich in agricultural land resources. After 12 years of continuous construction, Suqian City has entered the fast lane of economic and social development, and the growth rate of main economic indicators such as total financial revenue, general budget revenue, instrial added value above designated scale, and instrial power consumption continues to take the lead in the province. In 2007, the built-up area of Suqian central city has reached 45 square kilometers, and the construction land area of Suqian has increased from 1.8097 million mu in 1999 to 2.032 million mu in 2008. However, with the graal acceleration of instrialization and urbanization, the per capita cultivated land area of Suqian has graally decreased, and the contradiction between people and land has become more and more prominent. The per capita cultivated land area has been reced from 1.35 mu in 1997 to 1.16 mu in 2008. In recent two years, the annual land demand is about 30000 mu, but the annual land use plan issued by the state is less than 5000 mu. The bottleneck of land is graally prominent, and the contradiction between supply and demand is becoming more and more acuteit is a rare opportunity for Suqian, a city with scattered distribution of rural villages and huge potential of rural construction land, to implement the "ten thousand hectares of good farmland construction project" and promote the realization of agricultural land concentration, residential agglomeration, land intensive and benefit intensive
The main ways for Suqian to implement the "ten thousand hectares of good farmland construction project" are as follows: the combination of rural construction land consolidation and scattered farmland consolidation, the combination of rural construction land rection and urban construction land increase, the combination of saving and intensive land use and the optimization of regional land use layout. Suqian city promotes the "ten thousand hectares of good farmland construction project", which has sufficient natural and geographical conditions and considerable expected benefits1.1 the potential of rural collective construction land is huge
according to the land use status map of Suqian City, county and district, the natural villages in Suqian rural area are in the "star all over the sky" layout, and the buildings are mainly single-layer tile roofed houses. According to the survey, the rural residential areas in Suqian City cover an area of about 1.21 million mu, and there are about 1.024 million rural households, each of which covers an area of about 1.19 mu. For example, according to the standard of 240 square meters (including supporting facilities construction land) of Kangju demonstration village and centralized residential area, 809000 mu of cultivated land can be increased through reclamation; for example, according to the national standard of 200 square meters of homestead, 911000 mu of cultivated land can be increased through reclamation
1.2 the proction and living conditions of farmers need to be improved
affected by the natural and historical conditions, following the living habits and the convenience of agricultural farming, the rural residential buildings in Suqian City have gone through the four construction peaks of thatched cottage, grass to tile, tile to flat and flat, but the rural areas are still dominated by single-layer tile houses, and the residential areas are scattered. Most farmers choose their own private land, contracted land or both sides of the road with convenient transportation to build houses. Most of them do not have unified planning or centralized construction, but scattered in the old villages or the cultivated land around the villages. In many villages, water, electricity, roads, greening and other supporting public infrastructure have not kept up. Villages are "dirty, chaotic and poor", and the living environment is generally poor. The masses are eager to improve their living environment
1.3 the cost of demolition and resettlement is relatively low
at present, the compensation standard of Suqian for rural residents' demolition and resettlement is implemented according to the compensation standard of land acquisition, because most of the rural houses are bungalows and there are not many buildings, the demolition cost is relatively low. In addition, in addition to the compensation of 10000 yuan for demolishing ownerless houses and side houses, 20000 yuan for houses with main houses (including side houses) and 40000 yuan for buildings, Suqian Municipal government has also issued policies to give incentive subsidies, loan discount and other preferential policies to farmers who voluntarily give up homestead to build houses in centralized residential areas or purchase houses in cities (central towns). There are many choices of housing for farmers, and the cost is relatively low
1.4 the local government attaches great importance to the construction project of "ten thousand hectares of good farmland". The goal is to promote the accumulation of rural cultivated land resources, construction land resources, labor resources, public services and market demand resources, which is fully in line with the development ideas of "giving priority to environmental protection and conservation" and "building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a new Suqian" proposed in the "Eleventh Five Year Plan" of Suqian City. At present, Suqian Municipal, county and district governments have set up a leading group to promote the "ten thousand hectares of good farmland construction project", and established a working mechanism led by the government, led by the land department, and coordinated by various departments
As a traditional agricultural city, the development and consolidation of cultivated land reserve resources has always been the focus of Suqian land and resources work. The land and resources departments of cities, counties and districts all have special institutions for the implementation, supervision and management of land consolidation development, with sound personnel and perfect systems, and remarkable results have been achieved in land consolidation development. In the past two years, the city has completed 9 land development and consolidation projects invested at or above the provincial level, with an additional 6000 mu of cultivated land, 488 balance projects of occupation and compensation, and an additional 28000 mu of cultivated land. The urban and rural construction land increase and decrease linkage project organized and carried out has achieved an additional 15800 mu of cultivated land in two years2 Suqian to promote the pilot work of "ten thousand hectares of good farmland construction project" facing problems analysis. As far as Suqian City is concerned, the main difficulties and problems are as follows:
there is a large fund gap: according to the regulations, the preliminary investigation and demonstration, planning, housing demolition, compensation for young crops, infrastructure construction and equipment purchase involved in the "ten thousand hectares of good farmland construction project" are raised by the local government, and the provincial government is responsible for land consolidation costs, In this way, there is a certain pressure on county and district finance
some people's ideas are not unified: "ten thousand hectares of good farmland construction project" relocation of farmers is mainly based on Farmers' apartments, not arranged for homestead reconstruction, and the relocation sites are concentrated in cities and towns. Some of the relocated farmers are worried about the security in cities and towns e to their ignorance of the policy
the scheme of land transfer is not perfect: the purpose of implementing the transfer of land contractual management right is to change the traditional management mode of scattered and backward, low land output rate in the past, and promote the transformation of agriculture to scale and modernization. Suqian "ten thousand hectares of fertile land construction project" land transfer planning all implement the land contract management rights into shares and transfer, the provisions of the relevant responsibilities are not specific enough
3 countermeasures and suggestions for steadily promoting the pilot work of "ten thousand hectares of good farmland construction project"
3.1 efforts should be made to publicize and improve policies, encourage farmers to live in cities and towns, and the pilot work of "ten thousand hectares of good farmland construction project" involves many departments and strong policies, so it must be graally promoted through policy propaganda and guidance. The pilot areas should take the city as the unit, unify the compensation and resettlement standards of rural homestead demolition and the purchase and reserve methods of rural construction land, and establish a tangible rural land circulation and land trading market, so as to truly let the rural land move, and let the farmers understand the benefits and dispel their worries through publicity. Based on the principle of centralized living in the city, supplemented by building houses in centralized residential areas, we should formulate specific preferential policies and subsidies for farmers to give up the right to use homestead to buy policy housing and ordinary commercial housing, and properly solve the problem of farmers' housing resettlement. The circulation of contracted land for farmers should also be organized and carried out according to the principle of voluntary participation of the masses. It should be clear that once the contract is not awarded, the cooperatives should be operated in a unified way to return benefits to the people
3.2 promoting rural social security and solving farmers' worries. All pilot areas should allow farmers who give up the right to land contractual management and those who take shares in the right to land contractual management to directly enter the social security system of land expropriated farmers, and enjoy the same policies as land expropriated farmers, such as employment, medical care, pension, children's ecation, etc. We should establish a mechanism to help train and obtain employment. Farmers who have the desire for employment and training should be included in the urban employment management. They should register for unemployment, issue preferential reemployment certificates to those who meet the conditions, and enjoy policies to promote employment and reemployment, such as employment introction, vocational training, vocational skill appraisal, tax rection and small loans
3.3 explore a variety of ways to vigorously promote the transfer of land contractual management rights, stabilize the basic rural management system and protect the rights and interests of farmers' land contractual management rights are the party's basic rural policies, which must be adhered to for a long time. The transfer of the right to contracted management of land must be carried out in accordance with the principles of law, equal consultation, voluntariness, compensation and no change in the nature and use of land. After the transfer, it can be operated in four ways: (1) land stock cooperative operation. Farmers are encouraged to set up land stock cooperatives in the form of shares in the land management right, implement stock cooperative operation or unified external leasing operation, and farmers can be re employed as agricultural instrialists; ② We should develop large-scale operation entities, such as professional households, family farms, farmers' professional cooperatives, and agricultural leading enterprises, so as to realize the intensive and large-scale operation of modern agriculture; ③ Encourage instrial and commercial capital to participate in the construction of efficient agriculture, modern agriculture, facility agriculture and afforestation projects. We should make full use of the capital, technology and management advantages of instrial and commercial enterprises, establish agricultural proct bases, carry out modern agricultural intensive management, and graally realize unified management; ④ Taking the village as a unit, the whole village is transferred to modern agricultural development and construction, such as facility agriculture, graally forming a characteristic instrial development pattern of "one village, one proct, one Township, one instry"
3.4 "build a nest to attract Phoenix" and leave enough resettlement space in the project area
the scope of the project area should be reasonably selected. The determined project area should be subject to the ownership boundary, especially the complete collective economic organizations should be included in the pilot. On the basis of fully respecting the wishes of farmers, we should unify the planning and design, encourage the construction of multi-storey and high-rise residential buildings, and complete the infrastructure construction by the government's early investment, so as to leave enough space for the resettlement of farmers in the "ten thousand hectares of good farmland construction project" area
3.5 raising funds through multiple channels to ensure the smooth implementation of "ten thousand hectares of fertile land construction project" the key lies in funds, so the pilot areas should raise funds through multiple channels to ensure the smooth implementation of the project. A certain proportion of land related funds, such as land use fee for newly increased construction land, cultivated land reclamation fee, key agricultural development and construction funds, can be reserved for engineering construction. At the same time, the provincial rural road reconstruction support funds, agricultural development, water-saving irrigation project funds and other agricultural project funds can be concentrated on other projects in the "ten thousand hectares of good farmland construction project" area. In addition, we can solve the problem of insufficient funds through bank financing and the introction of social funds. As for the funds invested in advance by the government, it can be managed through the operation
With the deepening of the practice of linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land, the understanding of this new policy has been deepened from the state to the local, from the land department to the governments at all levels, from the managers to the masses. Its multiple effects are mainly reflected in:
first, the linkage between increase and decrease is an effective mechanism to promote the overall planning of urban and rural areas and the construction of new socialist countryside
to achieve the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, we must increase investment in rural areas and provide more public goods. The policy of linking the increase and decrease of urban construction land has found a good way for us, which contains a great strategic concept. Practice has proved that the implementation of the link between increase and decrease, combined with land consolidation and the development of agricultural instrialization, will help to improve the conditions of agricultural proction, promote the moderate scale operation of agriculture and the development of rural collective economy. At the same time, the implementation of rural collective construction land consolidation saves land, according to the principle of differential rent adjustment use, in accordance with the city to lead the countryside, instry to supplement agriculture requirements, the land differential income will be used to develop the rural collective economy, as well as rural infrastructure and public service facilities construction, can increase farmers' income, improve the living standards of local farmers, It also changed the backwardness of rural areas and promoted the construction of new countryside and the development of urban-rural integration. Shandong, Tianjin, Ningxia, Sichuan, Jiangsu and other pilot counties and districts have effectively solved the problems of rural drinking water, communication services, clean energy, toilet reform and environmental protection by combining the increase and decrease with the construction of new villages and the transformation of rural dilapidated houses, integrating all kinds of agriculture related funds
Second, the link between increase and decrease is an important way to promote cultivated land protection and economical and intensive land use
the basic driving force of cultivated land protection in China mainly comes from two aspects: one is the government led implementation of land development and consolidation projects, focusing on promoting protection through construction, so as to increase the quantity and improve the quality of cultivated land; Second, construction projects need to fulfill the obligation of "balance of occupation and compensation", which is based on the cultivated land itself. In the author's opinion, "linking increase with decrease" is a reasonable extension of the idea of "balance of occupation and compensation", which is to check and approve the increased cultivated land area of construction land consolidation as the index of cultivated land occupied by construction, so as to realize the increase of cultivated land area in the project area and not rece the quality. Jiangsu has carried out the construction project of "ten thousand hectares of good land" in combination with the increase and decrease of land. The total construction scale is 830000 mu, and 120000 mu of arable land can be added after the implementation. Jiangxi, Sichuan and Hubei have taken the increase and decrease linkage as an important part of promoting the "land making, grain increasing and people enriching project", "golden land project" and "high-yield farmland demonstration project", which has effectively increased the area of cultivated land. The economical and intensive use of land can be manifested as less land use, or the same land can carry more population, economic entities and more buildings“ Through the adjustment of urban and rural land use layout, the original extensive use is eliminated, and the new land is used in a more intensive way. According to the survey statistics, the implementation of the increase and decrease linkage can save about 50% of the land on average
thirdly, the linkage between increase and decrease is an important measure to optimize land use structure and spatial layout
in China's land policy system, the main function of land development and consolidation is to solve the problem of fragmentation and disorder of land use, and increase the area of cultivated land. The main way is to merge scattered plots and reclaim abandoned plots; The main function of the policy is to protect the area of cultivated land. The main way is to require all localities to supplement the same area and quality of cultivated land through rural land consolidation and development of unused land; The main function of the collective construction land transfer policy is to revitalize the rural collective construction land obtained according to law, and the main way is to transfer the land use right through unified tangible land market and open and standardized way. However, none of the three policies can fundamentally solve the problem of "scattered, disordered and empty" rural housing and village construction land, let alone the problem of urban and rural construction land layout adjustment and optimization. Under the guidance of planning, rural construction land is demolished and constructed in a planned way to promote the adjustment and exchange of land in space. To a certain extent, the problems of farmland fragmentation and extensive waste of collective construction land in most rural areas have been solved
fourthly, the linkage between increase and decrease is the booster of deepening the reform of rural land management system
"increase or decrease linkage" involves land ownership confirmation, adjustment of construction land layout, maintenance of farmers' land rights and interests. In the pilot practice of increase or decrease linkage, active exploration has been carried out around the reform of rural land property rights system, the standardization of collective construction land transfer, the construction of economic compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection, the construction of unified urban and rural land market, and the improvement of land income distribution mechanism. For example, Cheng City has linked the "economical construction land index" to the regional use in line with the overall land use planning and urban-rural planning, and in order to legally obtain the collective construction land, it stipulates that "most of the income from the initial transfer of the use right of the collective construction land belongs to the collective economic organizations, and the county and township governments can transfer it according to a certain proportion, The funds for urban and rural coordinated construction shall be extracted from the circulation income and used for agricultural and rural development
e to the lack of land in cities and money in rural areas, there is a high enthusiasm for linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land. Just like other new things, there are also some problems in the practice of linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land: first, some places carry out "linking" without authorization outside the pilot approved by the Ministry of land and resources to expand the scale of urban construction land, To a certain extent, the impact of the current land use planning index management, affect the effect of macro-control. Second, within the scope of the approved pilot project of linking increase with decrease, some localities unilaterally pursue the land differential income, violate the regulations to adjust and use the turnover indicators across counties, and concentrate the surplus indicators on the central cities, which is not concive to the overall development of urban and rural areas. Third, some local village and town construction planning lags behind, and the revision of township land planning has not been completed, which leads to the insufficient connection between the project area setting and the overall land use planning, and the insufficient coordination between the increase and decrease linkage and agricultural development, village and town construction, which reces the comprehensive benefits of the increase and decrease linkage
these problems are mainly caused by some areas' misunderstanding of the relevant provisions of the policy, non-standard practices and management defects. In order to give full play to the comprehensive role of the policy of linking increase with decrease, it is necessary to sum up experience and promote standardization on the basis of "two unification, two persistence, two perfection and two exploration"“ The first is to explore the formation of a system to protect the rights and interests of farmers. At the initial stage of the pilot project, the state did not have unified regulations on the ownership adjustment, compensation and resettlement, and return of income involved in the rural construction land consolidation, and all localities acted on their own. The protection of farmers' rights and interests and the protection of land property rights rest on respecting farmers' will, which depends on the management level of local government. In the next stage, we need to focus on improving the system and establishing the mechanism, studying and formulating the specific methods of land ownership management and return of income, exploring the introction of market evaluation system, and improving the price formation mechanism. The second is to explore and improve the institutional environment of rural land consolidation. In many places, the linkage between increase and decrease has been graally combined with land circulation and land consolidation, and has become a comprehensive reform of rural land management system. It is urgent to explore three forms of rural land management system reform policies and measures, namely, integration of increase and decrease, land consolidation, and collective construction land transfer, so as to give full play to the advantages of project integration, capital integration, and linkage adjustment, promote the "three in one" management of land resources, assets, and capital, and improve the comprehensive benefits of the policy