Formula for calculating the number of dowel bars

1.

1. Gravity g = mg

(vertically downward, g = 9.8m/s2 ≈ 10m / S2, the action point is at the center of gravity, applicable to the earth surface)

2. Hooke's law f = KX

{along the recovery deformation direction, K: stiffness coefficient (n / M), X: deformation variable (m)}

3. Sliding friction force F = μ FN

{opposite to the relative motion direction of the object, μ： Friction coefficient, FN: positive pressure (n)}

{rrrrrrr}

extended data:

different classification of force

1. According to the nature of force, it can be divided into gravity, universal gravitation, elastic force, friction force, molecular force, electromagnetic force, nuclear force, etc Note that gravity is not equal to gravity under all conditions Gravity does not point to the center of the earth under all conditions. Gravity is a component of the earth's gravitational force on an object, and the other component is a centripetal force. Only on the equator does gravity point to the center of the earth.)

According to the effect of force, it can be divided into tension, tension, pressure, supporting force, power, resistance, centripetal force, restoring force, etc

According to the research object, it can be divided into external force and internal force

According to the action mode of force, it can be divided into non-contact force (such as gravitation, electromagnetic force, etc.) and contact force (such as elastic force, friction force, etc.)

There are four basic interactions (forces): gravitational interaction, electromagnetic interaction, strong interaction and weak interaction

nature of force:

materiality: force is the effect of an object (matter, mass) on an object (matter, mass). When an object is subjected to a force, another object must exert this effect on it. Force cannot exist independently without an object

interactivity (interaction): the interaction between any two objects is always mutual, and the object exerting the force must also be the object under the force. As long as one body exerts a force on another, the stressed body in turn will surely add a force to the exerted body Generating conditions: the force is equal in size (the resultant force is zero, in a state of non directional static motion) or not equal, in the opposite direction, acting on two different objects, and acting on the same straight line. It can be summarized as: foreign body, equivalent, reverse, collinear. A pair of interaction forces must proce and disappear at the same time.)

Vectoriality: force is a vector, which has both magnitude and direction

simultaneity: the force proced and disappeared at the same time

independence: the effect of one force does not affect the effect of another

includes three elements: the size, direction and action point of the force. The accurate expression of the three elements of force by a directed line segment is called the diagram of force. The size is represented by the length of a scaled line segment, the direction is represented by an arrow, the point of action is represented by an arrow or the tail of an arrow, and the straight line along which the direction of a force follows is called the line of action of a force. The diagram of the force is used for the calculation of the force. When the judgment power is large, we must pay attention to the scale of the line segment, because even if one line segment is longer than another line segment, but the scale of the long line segment is also longer, the force represented by the short line segment is not necessarily smaller than that represented by the long line segment

2.

The dowel bar refers to the round steel bars arranged in the middle of the slab thickness every certain distance along the transverse joint of the cement concrete pavement. One end is fixed in one side plate, and the other end can slide in the adjacent side plate. Its function is to transfer traffic load between two road slabs and prevent platform staggering, increase stress transfer between adjacent concrete blocks, so as to prevent uneven settlement of concrete pavement caused by large local stress on concrete pavement, and transfer stress to make adjacent concrete blocks bear stress together

< H2 > extended data

the equipment is also used to detect 23 joints of two cement pavement sections in Illinois, USA. here, the evaluation standard of this paper is used to summarize the joint dowel deviation of North Hei Expressway and Illinois, USA. The following conclusions can be drawn from the comparison:

(1) compared with foreign high-quality construction level, DBI construction technology is still in its infancy in China, and the dowel bar deviation control technology needs to be improved

(2) the horizontal movement deviation leads to the unacceptable level of the dowel bar, which is 0% in the United States and 1.8% in the North black highway, indicating that the horizontal movement deviation can be well controlled by DBI process

(3) the longitudinal movement deviation leads to the unacceptable level of the dowel bar, which is 1.1% and 5.6% respectively in the United States and North black highway, and the proportion between the unacceptable level and the acceptable level is 12.4% and 29.3% respectively. The longitudinal movement of the dowel bar is closely related to the position of the slit

3.

Calculation of bolt section area 

As≥(ro*Na)/( ζ 2 * FY) where

as -- cross section area of anchor bar or prestressed steel strand

ro -- coefficient of working conditions for tensile strength of anchor bar, 0.69 for permanent anchor bar and 0.92 for temporary anchor bar

Na -- design value of axial tension of anchor rod (KN)

ζ 2 -- importance coefficient of slope engineering

FY -- design value of tensile strength of anchor bar or prestressed steel strand (kPa)

as a tension member deep into the stratum, one end of the anchor is connected with the engineering structure, and the other end is deep into the stratum. The whole anchor is divided into free section and anchorage section. The free section refers to the area where the tension at the anchor head is transmitted to the anchor solid, and its function is to impose prestress on the anchor

The function of the area where the cement paste binds the prestressed reinforcement to the soil layer is to increase the bonding friction between the anchor and the soil layer, increase the bearing effect of the anchor, and transfer the tension of the free section to the depth of the soil

From the mechanical point of view, it mainly improves the cohesion c and internal friction angle of surrounding rock mass φ In essence, the bolt is located in the rock and soil body, and forms a new complex with the rock and soil body. The bolt in the complex is the key to solve the problem of low tensile capacity of surrounding rock mass. So the bearing capacity of rock and soil is greatly strengthened

bolt is the most basic component of roadway support in contemporary underground mining. It binds the surrounding rock of roadway together to support itself. Bolt is not only used in mines, but also in engineering technology, which is used for active reinforcement of slopes, tunnels and dams

drill in advance, screw the spin bolt into the drill hole, and then use the hollow grouting of the rod body after it is installed in place. A part of the slurry fills the space of the spin wire along the spin wire, and a part of the slurry penetrates into the rock to reinforce the rock stratum, so that the rock mass is anchored by the spin body and the rock mass is reinforced and grouted at the same time

4. Structure (gravel) cushion, paving concrete base, asphalt surface, before reading any drawings, first understand the engineering structure to understand the drawings
it is suggested that you first learn about roads and understand the road structure
road structure is generally divided into: foundation treatment, subgrade filling, and then ancillary structure (shoulder stone)

5. The crime of illegal fund-raising in China's criminal law involves two charges, one is illegal absorption of public deposits, the other is fund-raising fraud. Both of them have specific criminal constitution. Therefore, whether crowdfunding belongs to the crime of illegal fund-raising depends on whether his behavior conforms to the constitution of the crime. What conforms to the constitution of the crime is a crime, and what does not conform to the constitution is not a crime!

6. Hello, whether it is illegal fund-raising depends on whether it has the characteristics of illegal fund-raising. Often illegal fund-raising has the following characteristics:
1. Fund raising without the approval of relevant departments according to law, including those without approval authority; The departments with approval authority approve fund-raising beyond their authority, that is, the fund raiser does not have the subject qualification of fund-raising
2. Promise to repay the principal and interest to the investor within a certain period of time. Besides currency, there are also physical and other forms of debt service
3. Here, the "unspecific target" refers to the public, not the specific minority
4. Cover up the essence of illegal fund-raising in legal form. In order to cover up their illegal purposes, criminals often sign contracts with investors (victims), disguise as normal proction and operation activities, and maximize their ultimate purpose of obtaining funds by fraud
in case of illegal fund-raising, first of all, do not panic. The parties can report the case immediately. When the rights and interests of the parties are infringed, they can protect their legitimate rights and interests through legal channels.

7. First of all, we need to understand the essence of crowdfunding and illegal fund-raising.
the concept of crowdfunding was introced to China from abroad. Crowdfunding is divided into three categories: proct crowdfunding, equity crowdfunding and public welfare crowdfunding.
crowdfunding refers to gathering people's strength and funds to achieve an interesting and fun project and proct
illegal fund-raising refers to the behavior that an entity or indivial raises funds from the public by issuing stocks, bonds, lottery tickets, investment fund securities or other debt certificates without the approval of relevant departments in accordance with legal proceres, and promises to repay the principal and interest or give returns to the investors in currency, in kind or other ways within a certain period of time

then why is crowdfunding also legal now
the background of different times
illegal fund-raising was born in the instrial age, the background of planned economy, and the financial rights are controlled by the international
the reason why China is now moving towards a market economy is to encourage Internet financial crowdfunding to stimulate the power of innovation and entrepreneurship in China<

distinguish between the two
crowdfunding: to accomplish something by raising funds, and to achieve a certain return in a fixed time. Both sides make clear the investment, risk and return (the return of crowdfunding is clear, time limit, return in kind, etc.)
illegal fund raising: obtain fund raising by releasing bonds, and promise to give return or repay the principal and interest within a certain period of time Return is not clear)

8. The specific process is as follows:

1. When the insured goes to see a doctor, he / she should take the social security card to the registration office for registration

2. The insured person takes the registration form to see a doctor in the Department, and the doctor will write a prescription to pay for it after seeing a doctor for the insured person

3. After the insured takes the prescription to the hospital settlement window for pricing, they can directly swipe the social security card to pay the medical expenses within the payment scope of the medical insurance fund

4. If some drugs in the prescription are not covered by the medical insurance fund, the insured should pay in cash<

according to Article 30 of the social insurance law, the following medical expenses are not included in the payment scope of the basic medical insurance fund:

(1) those that should be paid from the instrial injury insurance fund. According to Article 64 of the social insurance law, the medical expenses that should be paid from the instrial injury insurance fund can not be included in the payment scope of the basic medical insurance fund< (2) it should be borne by a third party. The medical expenses incurred by the insured e to personal injury caused by the third party shall be borne by the third party< (3) it should be borne by public health. Basic public health services are provided free of charge for urban and rural residents according to the project, the funding standard is determined according to the comprehensive cost of unit service, and the required funding is arranged by the government budget< (4) seeking medical treatment abroad. Medical expenses for overseas medical treatment are not included in the payment scope of basic medical insurance fund.

9.

Medical insurance is divided into two accounts, personal account. The money reflected in the card can be used to buy medicine in designated pharmacies, the payment of out-patient expenses and the payment of self paid part of hospitalization expenses; When seeking medical treatment, show the medical insurance card to the designated hospital to prove the identity and registration of the insured. The reimbursement part of the medical insurance is settled by the medical insurance and the hospital. The indivial does not need to pay before reimbursement, 3. There is a starting line for hospitalization reimbursement (the starting standard is usually 10% of the annual average salary of the city's employees in the previous year), that is to say, the money of the paying line needs to be paid by oneself, and the part beyond the starting line can be reimbursed according to the local medical insurance regulations. The reimbursement proportion varies from place to place, And different hospitals and different projects are not the same, can not give you specific, about 80%, detailed you can go to the local labor and social security network to understand

How to buy insurance, which is better, hand in hand to teach you to avoid these "pits" of insurance