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5. Full name: United States of America
National Anthem: Star Spangled flag song
National Emblem: white headed sea sculpture with sharp arrow and olive branch in its claws
capital: Washington, D.C.
largest city: New York City
official language: American English (non statutory)
political system: Federal Republic, free democracy < br />Current president: George W. Bush

independence
declaration of independence on July 4, 1776
recognition of independence on September 3, 1783

area
total 9631420 km & sup2< The water area rate was 4.87%

population
estimated to be 300000 people (the third place) in 2006
density 32 / km & sup2 140th)

GDP (PPP) estimated in 2006
total $13.05 trillion (1st)
per capita $43555 (3rd)

HDI (2003) 0.944 (10th) – high
currency dollar (
time zone utc-5 to - 10
summer time utc-4 to - 10
international domain name abbreviation. Us. Gov.e. mil. Um
international area code + 1


The United States of America is a federal republic in North America. The United States is the world's oldest constitutional republic

the United States is close to the Atlantic Ocean in the East, the Pacific Ocean in the west, Canada in the north, and Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico in the south. Its capital is Washington, D.C<

the United States originated from the North American colonies separated from the British rule in 1776. The representatives of the colonies of 13 states jointly issued the declaration of American independence. After the arous war of independence, they signed the Paris Pact with Britain in 1783, which has been recognized by all countries in the world ever since

after more than 200 years of development, the territory of the United States continues to expand, with 37 states joining the Federation. At present, there are 50 states, one federal Special Administrative Region, and a number of overseas territories. With a territory of more than 3.7 million square miles (9.5 million square kilometers), the United States is the fourth largest country in the world. With the territorial sea area, the United States ranks third in the world. The United States has 300 million residents and the third largest population in the world

in the history of more than 200 years since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the United States has experienced two severe tests of Civil War (1861-65) and economic panic (1930's). It still adheres to the political system of liberal democracy and becomes a representative country of constitutional democracy and civil liberties. The huge economic, cultural, scientific and technological, and military influence of the United States throughout the 20th century. In the first World War and the Second World War, the United States and its allies won together. After decades of cold war, the United States finally brought down the Soviet Union and became the only superpower in the world. Nowadays, the great influence of the United States in many fields such as economy, politics, military and so on in the world is unparalleled

History

Native Americans have lived on this land for more than 15000 years. Europe began to colonize America at the end of the 15th century. In 1607, the first English colony was successfully established in Virginia. Over the next two decades, a number of Dutch colonies were established, including those in New Amsterdam (now New York City) and New Jersey. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Britain graally occupied the areas of the Dutch and other European colonists, and established more colonies on the east coast of the United States. In addition to today's Canada, Britain has established 13 colonies in North America
in the 1760s and 1770s, the tense relations between the 13 American colonies and Britain eventually led to the revolutionary war, and the representatives of the colonies signed the declaration of American independence on July 4, 1776. In the war of independence (1775-1783), George Washington led a Continental Army of 13 colonies against the British. The colonies founded the continental Legion in the Congress of 76, but they were not authorized to collect taxes and make federal laws. In 1777, the independent colonies formally adopted the confederation Regulations, established a federal sovereign state and a federal government exercising management power, and approved the constitution of the United States. After the arous war of independence, the Continental Army finally defeated the British army, and Britain signed the Treaty of Paris in 1783, officially recognizing the independence of the United States
from 1803 to 1848, the area of the newly established United States almost tripled. With the ideal that the New Republic was destined to expand to the whole continent, the colonists expanded into the vast wilderness, and even went inland before the "Louisiana land purchase". This expansion was temporarily blocked in the war of 1812, but it continued with the victory of the war. In 1848, the United States won the war between the United States and Mexico, which strengthened the colonists' ideal of expanding their territory
with the continuous expansion and development of the country, a new problem graally emerged. The federal government controlled by the north and the state governments in the South had differences on the issue of slavery and state power: the Northern States opposed the expansion of slavery; the Northern States opposed the expansion of slavery; the Southern States opposed the expansion of slavery; The Southern States opposed the interference of the northern states in their way of life, because their cotton instry was totally dependent on slavery. After Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860, the conflict broke out completely. South Carolina became the first state to declare secession from the union, and six southern states separated one after another. In 1861, the United States of America was established to fight against the federal government. The American Civil War ended with the victory of the Union in 1865, and ended the dispute over slavery and the right of States to secede from the union. The civil war became a major watershed in American history, and the power of the federal government increased greatly
the development of science and technology ring the civil war, together with a large number of immigrants from Europe, provided a large number of labor for the emerging instries in the United States. The previously undeveloped areas created many communities and cities, which accelerated the instrial development of the United States and the process of moving towards international power. Then, the United States took many imperialist risks overseas, including annexing Puerto Rico and the Philippines after the victory of the Spanish American war, making the United States one of the major powers in the world< The first World War broke out in 1914, and the United States initially remained neutral; The unrestricted submarine war launched by Germany sank American ships sailing in the Atlantic Ocean, resulting in many innocent deaths and injuries of American civilians and angering the American public. At the end of the war, the United States joined the allies to fight against the allies. Due to historical reasons, the American public is more sympathetic to Britain and France, although some German Americans and Irish Americans oppose the intervention. In order to protect American investors and the federal government's large investment in Europe, it was also one of the main reasons for the United States to participate in the war. After the United States took part in the war in 1917, the war situation turned around and the allies won in 1918. After the war, worried about excessive involvement in European affairs, the U.S. Senate did not approve the Treaty of Versailles, which the Allies were sanctioned by the allies; On the contrary, the United States adopted an isolationist policy
the war greatly damaged the vitality of European countries, but brought a lot of wealth and prestige to the United States. In almost the whole 1920s, the prices of agricultural procts continued to decrease, instrial profits increased significantly, and the American economy developed extremely prosperous. This wave of economic growth was also boosted by the rise of credit and the prosperity of the stock market. Finally, the stock market collapsed in 1929, followed by the economic panic. In order to revive the economy, Franklin Delano Roosevelt's administration implemented a new deal, which greatly increased the government's intervention in the economy. However, the new deal did not fully take effect, and the U.S. economy did not fully recover until after the Second World War. After Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States joined the anti fascist alliance to fight against the axis powers. The next war became the most expensive war in American history. However, the large number of jobs created by the front and the rear, and the recovery of proction driven by the military instry, brought the American economy out of the haze of panic. As a result, American women entered the workplace on a large scale.
after the victory of the war, the conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union graally emerged. The United States represented capitalism and liberal democracy, while the Soviet Union represented communism and planned economy. The rise of the Soviet Union and ideological conflict led to the cold war that began in the late 1940s. The two countries have waged a series of proxy wars in many regions and countries, including the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Cuban missile crisis that almost triggered the nuclear war, and the war in Afghanistan
alerted to the backwardness of the space race with the Soviet Union, the US government began to vigorously cultivate elite talents in mathematics and science. With the efforts of NASA, it successfully sent people to the moon for the first time in 1969
in the United States, the development of urbanization is graally completed, and the American society has experienced a period of sustained economic expansion. At the same time, racial discrimination in American society has been paid more and more attention, especially in the south. From the 1950s, these discriminations were challenged by the civil rights movement led by Martin Luther King and others, and finally the apartheid laws in the southern states were abolished
after the recession caused by the oil crisis in the 1970s, the U.S. economy began to recover vigorously in the 1980s. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 made the United States the only superpower in the world. The United States continues to participate in overseas wars, such as the 1991 Persian Gulf War. In the 1990s, thanks to the digital revolution and a large number of job opportunities and technological changes created by the Internet, the U.S. economy developed an unprecedented prosperity and growth, and the emerging Silicon Valley became the leading city of the world's information instry. The two world wars not only severely damaged the emerging powers Germany and Japan, but also made the traditional powers Britain and France lose their control over the world pattern. At that time, the world, except the United States and the Soviet Union, was no longer prosperous. After the World War II, the total instrial output value of the United States accounted for more than half of the world's total, and it established an international financial system centered on US dollars all over the world. At the same time, it also dispatched troops to 50 countries and regions in the world< The second world war has become a new turning point in American history. With its unique comprehensive strength, the United States got rid of the embarrassment of trying to arrange the world order after the first World War, but failed. It began to dominate the international order in a way beneficial to itself, and finally became a superpower in the late 20th century

the September 11 attacks at the beginning of the 21st century made the US foreign policy focus on dealing with the threat of terrorism. The U.S. government started the anti-terrorism war and operation. After overthrowing the Taliban regime in Afghanistan in October 2001, it launched the U.S. - Iraq war in 2003 and overthrew the Saddam regime. However, the controversy over the follow-up development of the Iraqi interim government and the legitimacy of the war is still inconclusive

politics

the United States is the oldest existing constitutional republic, with the earliest and still in operation written constitution in the world. Under the authorization of the constitution, the government operates representative democracy through Congress. There are three levels of Government: federal, state and local. Officials in the three levels of government are elected by secret ballot or appointed by elected officials. The chief executive and legislative officials are elected by a single constituency majority system, while the judicial system and cabinet officials are elected by a single constituency majority system

6. Chinese modern celebrities include Cai Yuanpei, Lu Xun, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and so on<
Cai Yuanpei, who was born in Shanyin County, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province (now Shaoxing), was born in Zhuji, Zhejiang Province. Revolutionaries, ecators, politicians. He is a democratic progressive, executive member of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang, member of the national government and President of the supervisory yuan. He was the first director general of ecation of the Republic of China and the president of Peking University from 1916 to 1927; From 1920 to 1930, Cai Yuanpei was also president of the University of China and France. In his early years, he took part in the struggle against the imperial system of the Qing Dynasty. In the early years of the Republic of China, he presided over the formulation of the first decree of modern higher ecation in China, the University decree
Lu Xun (September 25, 1881-october 19, 1936), originally named Zhou Zhangshou, was later renamed Zhou Shuren, whose name was Yushan and later changed to Yucai. "Lu Xun" was the pseudonym he used when he published the diary of a madman in 1918, and it was also his most influential pseudonym. He was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. He is a famous writer and thinker, an important participant in the May 4th New Culture Movement, and the founder of modern Chinese literature. Mao Zedong once commented: "Lu Xun's direction is the direction of the new culture of the Chinese nation
Kang Youwei (1858-1927), formerly known as Zuyi, was named Guangxia, Changsu, Mingyi, Gengshen, Xiqiaoshan, youcunsou and tianyouhua. He was born in danzaosu village, Nanhai County, Guangdong Province. He was known as Kang Nanhai. He was an important politician, thinker, ecator and representative of bourgeois reformism in the late Qing Dynasty. Born in a feudal bureaucratic family, Kang Youwei began to contact western culture in 1879. In 1888, Kang Youwei once again went to Beijing to take part in the Shuntian rural examination. He took the opportunity to write to Emperor Guangxu for the first time to ask for political reform, but he was blocked. After the 17th year of Guangxu (1891), WanMu thatched cottage was set up in Guangzhou. Guangxu 21 years (1895) learned that the "Treaty of Shimonoseki" was signed, joint more than 1300 people over ten thousand words, that is, "bus letter."
Liang Qichao (February 23, 1873-january 19, 1929) was named Zhuoru, Renfu, rengong, Bingzi, aishike, Xinmin of China, and master of freedom studio. During the reign of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, Ju Ren was a modern Chinese thinker, statesman, ecator, historian and writer. He is one of the leaders of the hundred days reform movement and a representative of the reformists and Legalists in modern China.

7. 1、 During the Warring States period, the coins of Qi and Yan were Dao coins, which were shaped like Dao tools used by northern nomads such as Shanrong and Beidi. At first, it circulated in the east of Qi. Later, with the expansion of Qi territory and the war with neighboring countries, the circulation scope of knife and coin graally expanded to Yan and Zhao areas< Second, the most important feature of the currency in the Warring States period is the variety of currency casting and the confusion of currency system. At that time, the power of the Zhou Dynasty was graally weakened, all the countries acted in their own ways, and their economies formed their own systems. Therefore, all the countries minted their own currencies and circulated with each other, forming a special situation in which multi currency systems and multi currency types coexisted for a long time. The coins of this period can be divided into four types: cloth coin, knife coin, round coin and ant nose coin
1. Cloth coin:
cloth coin is an ancient Chinese coin, which appeared in the early spring and Autumn period and was cast and circulated until the late Warring States period because of its shovel like shape“ "Bu" is a homophonic loan word of "zhe", which is commonly used in ancient times. Cloth coins evolved from bronze farm implements, and were mainly used in the three Jin and two Zhou dynasties. According to the shape of the coin, it can be divided into two categories: blank headed cloth and flat headed cloth
the original cloth coin retains its appearance as a tool, with a handle on it. It is primitive and heavy, so it is called dishonoured cloth; Later, it graally lightened, became thinner and smaller, and the coin body became completely flaky, which was called flat head cloth. Flat head cloth is usually cast with place names or Ji Zhong characters. Later, Wang Mang also made cloth coins in his new dynasty
bronze spade shaped coins of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in China. It appeared in the late spring and Autumn period and widely circulated after the middle Warring States period. It is mainly used in the three Jin and two Zhou dynasties. It evolved from the bronze farm tools, from which the sound was called cloth; Because the shape is like shovel, also known as shovel cloth
the earliest cloth coins are hollow in the head and retain the handle used as a tool, which is called hollow head cloth. Later, it became a flat head cloth with no cross. The body of the coin was completely flaky, which was convenient for casting and carrying. There are often characters on the flat head cloth, such as "Anyi", "Jinyang" and other place names, "Yiyi", "Twelve Zhu (Zhu)" and other currency units. The coin in the shape of a coin indicates that this kind of farm tools was used as a medium of exchange in this area. Later, Wang Mang went back to the ancients and once made cloth coins again
cloth coin is a general term for spade shaped coins such as cloth with empty head and cloth with flat head, which were made in the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period. It is named for its shape
2. Dao coin:
Dao coin evolved from tool bronze cutting in Shang and Zhou dynasties, so Dao coin has rings at the handle end, cracks on the handle, needle head Dao, sharp head Dao, round head Dao, arc back Dao and so on. It mainly circulated in Qi, Yan and other places in the East, and later developed into Zhao, Zhongshan and other countries coexisting with Bu coin. There are many kinds of Dao, such as Qi Dao, Jimo Dao, Anyang Dao, zhenshou Dao, Jianshou Dao, Yuanshou Dao and Ming. There are characters on it. After the first emperor of Qin unified China, he unified the currency system and discarded shells, knives, cloth and other coins. Later, the coins Wang Mang minted included gold wrong Dao
knife coins were mainly used in Qi in the East and Yan in the north. There are two types of Dao coin: Yanming Dao and Qi Dao. The shape of the Dao coin is similar to the Dao tools used by northern nomads such as Shanrong and Beidi. Because of the word "Hua" on Qi Dao surface, it is called "Dao Hua". The back of the knife is divided into arc back, folding back and straight back. The head of the knife can be divided into flat head and pointed head. It is also a kind of bronze coin in early China< 3. Round coin:
round coin, also known as round gold and ring coin, is a kind of ancient Chinese copper coin. It mainly circulated in Qin and Wei states ring the Warring States period. It's round. There's a hole in the center. There are words on the money. First, it is evolved from spinning wheel; Or evolved from Bi Huan. It is the predecessor of fangkong coin
"round coin" is a kind of round copper coin coined in the Warring States period of China, also known as "round coin", which is one of the four major systems of copper coin coinage in the pre Qin period of China, and also the main form of coin coinage in the Qin Dynasty. There are two kinds of round coins: one is round hole, which is more primitive; The second is round square hole (evolved from round hole). In the early stage, the perforation of the round money was relatively narrow, and then graally became larger. The coin has an inscription on the front and no writing on the back
4. Ant nose money:
ant nose money is the currency circulating in Chu state in Jianghuai River Basin, which is transformed from imitation shellfish. Because Chu's economy and culture were behind those of the Central Plains, and the use of Chu, Dao and spinning wheel was also late, the copper coins followed the form of imitation shell. The shape of ant nose coin is oval, with protruding front and flat back. It looks like a shell, but it is small
since the founding of the people's Republic of China, most of the ant nose coins have been unearthed in Henan and Jiangsu. Grimace coins were found in Hubei, Hunan, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places. In 1963, 5000 pieces of grimace coins were unearthed from boar Lake in Xiaogan, Hubei Province, with the characters of "Curse", weighing about 4.37 grams on average. According to the location and number of tombs unearthed. Ant nose coin was cast in the early Warring States period (5th century BC), while ghost face coin was cast in the middle and late Warring States period (4th-3rd century BC). The territory of Chu was not large at the beginning, but graally expanded, and the circulation scope of ant nose money and ghost face money also expanded, graally forming an independent monetary system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

8. Due to the recent outbreak of business to business marketing all over the world, more and more multinational companies focus on global logistics services. Managers and scholars are increasingly aware of the strategic importance of logistics service organizations' overall success (Bienstock, Mentzer, & bird, 1997; Brensinger & Lambert, 1990; Mentzer & Williams, 2001), but in the global logistics instry, it is because of the complexity of different trade rules, the distance between ships, and cross currency issues (handling, 2001). The development of international market promotes the regional unified and standardized investment and proction strategy, improves the circulation of labor, technology, information and other cross-border, especially helps to form customer group preferences beyond national boundaries (& Montgomery, Japan The different needs of logistics managers and customers may require different treatment of proct design, brand and packaging in different countries (carpano, Chrisman and scientific Roth, 1994). The two items are investigated and studied. The global development is quite important for multinational logistics companies: 1. What factors contribute to the customer satisfaction of different logistics enterprises across national boundaries. In other words, What are the specific value differences in customer logistics function? 2. These differences reflect how different sectors provide logistics services in the global market. In particular, for cross-border logistics services with different needs, different customers' characteristics and market segmentation, different competitive environments, different companies providing logistics services, or differences and / or preferences of national excellent culture. The answers to these questions will help to understand the degree of supply chain management, logistics services can or need to be provided, To achieve this goal, we first review the literature work of multinational logistics and logistics service quality (LSQ) factors affecting customer satisfaction (see Table 1), We end up with the same model of influencing factors that affect customers' preferences for global logistics services.

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