Who will maintain the computing power after bitcoin is dug up

It's about 37 yuan

let me first introce the reward mechanism of bitcoin system

bitcoin can basically dig out a block every 10 minutes through system settings. The reward for each block is given to the miners who dig out the block. The miner who digs out the block is called the block miner. The block miner will record the legal transactions in the bitcoin network to the blockchain, so that the miner can receive the service charge for bookkeeping

there are two parts in the reward for the block Miner: one part is the reward given by the system, which is called coinbase reward (also known as system issuance reward), the other part is the reward for bookkeeping, which is called miner's fee. The coinbase reward started with 50 bitcoins. For every integral multiple of 210000 blocks, the coinbase reward will be halved. This is what we often hear about bitcoin mining reward halved in four years

at the present stage, the reward of coinbase is 12.5 bitcoins. At the present stage, the average transaction miner fee received by miners for digging out a block is about 0.1 bitcoin (not fixed), that is to say, the average reward received by miners for digging out a block is about 12.6 bitcoin

about 99% of miners' rewards come from the system's coinbase rewards. According to the bitcoin system, one block can be g out every 10 minutes on average. The number of new blocks that can be g out in one day is 144 (60 * 24 / 10 = 144). At present, the number of bitcoins that can be g out every day is 1800btc (144 * 12.5btc = 1800btc). With the miner's fee of about 0.1btc per block, the total reward for all miners in one day is about 1814.4btc

Bitcoin is a kind of network virtual currency. Bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of bitcoin network distributed accounting system. Assuming that the mining computing power is 100 mhash / s and the total computing power is 4000 ghash / s per day, 3600 bitcoins can be g out every 24 hours

China's computing power has accounted for more than 75% of the world, that is to say, 75% of bitcoin in the world is made in China. How long does it take to dig a bitcoin

bitcoin used to be very good at "digging", which can be done by ordinary computer CPU, and it can automatically "solve problems" by downloading software. But with the rise of currency price, more and more people want to "solve the problem", and the difficulty of mining is also increasing. Now, the amount of computation needed to dig a bitcoin is beyond the reach of ordinary people. Ordinary computers can't afford it

instry insiders said that in 2014, 100 bitcoins were generated from 500000 yuan of electricity charge per day, and the cost of electricity charge alone was 5000 yuan per coin. But now, the same cost has more than doubled, and the electricity cost of each bitcoin is as high as 10000 yuan

in the generation mechanism of bitcoin, mining reward is decreasing. At the beginning of the birth of bitcoin, the miners could get 50 bitcoins for each page of the ledger, and then 25 bitcoins for each page of the ledger, decreasing in turn. It's like digging gold. At first, it's more and less. The time point at which each new reward is reced by half is called half bitcoin proction

assuming that the mining computing power is 100 mhash / s, the total computing power is 4000 ghash / s per day in 2014, and 3600 bitcoins are g out every 24 hours

now, we can understand the difficulty of bitcoin digging in this way, which is equivalent to 100 million dice throwing numbers less than 100 million and 50 million. Whoever throws them first will get the bookkeeping right. At this point, 1050 million is a hash value. The process of throwing dice is called hash collision. The unit of mining power is the number of hash collisions per second

at present, the computing power of bitcoin in the whole network has reached 2.36 billion hash collisions per second, which is equivalent to the number of water droplets in more than 200000 50 meter long standard swimming pools. But even with such a large amount of computing power, it will take about 10 minutes to hit a hash value that meets the requirements

in 2012, bitcoin's output was halved for the first time, and in July 2016, bitcoin's output was halved for the second time. At present, 12.5 bitcoins are awarded for recording one page of account book. The next halving will take place around 2020, and the total number of bitcoins will not increase by 2040, with a total of 21 million

Related videos: how long does it take to dig a bitcoin

1、 Mining principle

at the beginning, we could dig bitcoin with the computer CPU. The founder of bitcoin, Nakamoto Tsung, g out the world's first creation block with his computer CPU. However, the era of CPU mining has long passed, and now bitcoin mining is the era of ASIC mining and large-scale cluster mining

looking back on the mining history, bitcoin mining has gone through the following five times: CPU mining → GPU mining → FPGA mining → ASIC mining → large-scale cluster mining, The mining speed changes are as follows:

CPU (20mhash / s) → GPU (400mhash / s) → FPGA (25ghash / s) → ASIC (3.5tash / s) → large scale cluster mining (3.5tash / s * x)

mining speed, which is called computing power in professional terms, that is, the ability of computer to generate hash collisions per second. In other words, how many hash collisions can our miner do per second is the calculation force. Computing power is the ability to dig bitcoin. The higher the computing power, the more bitcoin you dig, the higher the return

in the world of bitcoin, a data block is recorded about every 10 minutes. All mining computers are trying to package the data block and submit it, and the person who successfully generates the data block will get a bitcoin reward. Initially, bitcoin rewards of 50 bitcoins could be generated about every 10 minutes. But the payment is halved every four years, and now the bitcoin network can generate 25 bitcoins every 10 minutes

to successfully generate data blocks, miners need to find the effective hash value. To get the correct hash value, there is no shortcut. You can only guess. The process of guessing is the process of computer random hash collision. If you guess correctly, you will get bitcoin

< EM > Figure 3: Mine Map (scale of tens of thousands of mining machines) < / EM >

nowadays, the profit space of small and medium-sized absenteeism who take one mining machine home or deploy a small family workshop (dozens of mining machines) is very limited, and the mining instry is graally concentrating on enterprises and teams with low-cost power resources and professional deployment ability

there are many factors that affect the mining revenue, such as the performance and power consumption of mining machinery, the computing power and difficulty of the whole network, the deployment and operation and maintenance capacity of the mine, the availability of low-cost electricity resources, and the currency price and policy guidance, etc. At present, excellent mining enterprises have the ability of chip research and development, a lot of computing power, professional mine deployment and operation experience, etc. in the future, resources and computing power will be more and more concentrated in these mining enterprises

2. Mine pool

in addition to the above equipment, you also need a necessary tool - mine pool. The function of the mine pool is to gather a large amount of mineral computing power, increase your probability of getting bitcoin, and at the same time, distribute your future bitcoin income to your account in advance

the simple explanation is as follows: now the bitcoin network generates a block every 10 minutes, which contains 25 bitcoins. Suppose there are 1W people in the world participating in mining, then in these 10 minutes, only one lucky person has taken these 25 bitcoins, and the others have nothing. The principle of the mine pool is that everyone mines in teams and distributes according to the agreed distribution method, so that the income of the miners' bitcoin tends to be stable and the risks of the miners are reced. Let's take the most common PPS allocation method as an example. Suppose that your computing power is 10t, and the computing power of the whole mine pool is 100t. Your computing power accounts for 1 / 10 of the total computing power of the mine pool. Suppose that the mine pool can generate 10 bitcoins a day, then you can get 1 bitcoin a day

3. Cloud computing power

in reality, the supply of mining machines often exceeds the demand, and at the same time, the delivery of mining machines needs a long waiting period. Miner installation, commissioning, maintenance and other processes are very complex, which requires a lot of energy. Miners have to enre the noise and heat of miner. For miners, the biggest cost is not these, but the high electricity charges consumed by mining. The profit space of small and medium-sized miners is getting smaller and smaller, even negative

Mining income = generated bitcoin * currency price - mining machinery cost - electricity fee - custody fee

if you are just a small miner, generally you only need to dect mining machinery cost and electricity fee

Mining risks are as follows:

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At present, bitcoin needs to be g by professional mining machines. The global unified computing difficulty of bitcoin is 2621404453 (expected to change in two days). It takes more than 2000 years for a 2.5GHz CPU to work out a bitcoin

according to the current speed and the number of bitcoins, it will take three months to get a bitcoin if a computer is kept in a 24-hour state of operation

extended data:

because the current bitcoin mines use special bitcoin mining machines to mine. The computing power of an ant S9 miner is 13.5th/s, which is equivalent to the sum of the computing power of 7500 1080ti graphics cards. A medium-sized mine has hundreds of such miners

the instry of bitcoin is not very good either, so you'd better not dream of becoming rich overnight with bitcoin. Now many countries have issued policies to suppress the rise of bitcoin prices. Some countries even refuse to dig bitcoin. Many bankers and economists are disgusted with the emergence of bitcoin

1. it is estimated that 21 million pieces will be excavated in 2140

2. according to the relevant literature of bitcoin, in 2140, 2100 bitcoins will be proced and will not grow any more. According to the principle of bitcoin, after 33 halving periods, the mining output of each block will reach 0.58 Cong, less than the minimum unit of one Cong. The interval of each half rection is 210000 blocks, and the total proction time (2140 years) given in the above literature is calculated from the proction time of each block of 10 minutes 210000 * 10 / 60 / 24 / 365 = 3.9954 * 33 = 132 years. Since 2008, 132 years later, it is 2140 years)
   
   however, the "proction time of each block is 10 minutes" used in the above calculation method is an ideal state, which is only true when the computing power and difficulty of the whole network do not change. Looking at the bitcoin blockchain, it is not difficult to find that bitcoin's whole network computing power has been growing for a long time, and the difficulty of mining has also increased. Therefore, it is not difficult to find out that the above calculation is not tenable and there is a huge error
   
   
   

   

   the shortcomings of the above methods are that they can not accurately predict the change of bitcoin network computing power and the mining speed of bitcoin. The 11.3-day data used in the above calculation method is only the average value from May 2013 to April 5, 2014, and the representativeness is questionable. We can integrate the results of big data analysis and mining machine proction to establish a more accurate mathematical model