Subway to Universiade Center Gymnasium
bus line: Line 5 → line 3 → m317, the whole journey is about 28.8km
1. Take line 5 from Shenzhen North Station, pass 8 stops, reach Buji station
2, walk about 30m, transfer to line 3
3, take line 3, pass 9 stops, reach Dayun station
4, walk about 200m, reach Dayun subway station
5, take m317, pass 2 stops, Get to the stadium station of Universiade Center (or take m229 bus)
bus line: Metro Line 11 → line 3, the whole journey is about 77.9km
1. Take Metro Line 11 from Shajing, pass 14 stops, and reach Futian station
2. Walk about 250m, then transfer to line 3
3. Take line 3, pass 21 stops, and reach Universiade station
4. Walk about 1.8km, and reach Universiade Center Gymnasium
Bus route: no.839, the whole journey is about 17.8km
1. Walk about 190m from Shenzhen east station to Buji Street Station
2. Take no.839, pass 12 stops, and reach the Universiade Center Station
3. Walk about 110m to Longgang Universiade Sports Center in Shenzhen...
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The fastest bus route from the Universiade subway connecting station to the Universiade central stadium is as follows: no need to transfer, the fastest time is about 6 minutes, or you can walk to the station
bus route: m322, the whole journey is about 1.2 km
1. Walk about 10 meters from the Universiade subway connecting station to the Universiade subway connecting station
2. Take the m322 bus and pass three stops, Arrive at Universiade Center Stadium Station
bus line: m367 bus line B, the whole journey is about 1.5km
1. Walk about 100m from Universiade to Universiade subway connecting station station
2. Take m367 bus line B, pass 4 stops to Universiade Center Station
3. Walk about 130m to Shenzhen Universiade Sports Center
1. The evolution from natural currency to artificial currency. Shell is the earliest currency in China, which was used in Shang Dynasty. In Chinese characters, most of the characters related to value begin with "Bei". With the development of commodity exchange, more and more money was needed, and seashells could not meet people's needs. In Shang Dynasty, people began to imitate seashells with copper. The appearance of copper coin is an important evolution from natural currency to artificial currency in ancient Chinese currency history. With the extensive use of artificial coins, seashells, as a natural currency, graally withdrew from China's currency stage
2. From the appearance of Shang Dynasty copper coins to the Warring States period, there were many shapes of Chinese coins. During the Warring States period, not only all countries made their own money, but also all regions in a feudal state made their own money. It is famous for the shovel coin of Zhao, Dao coin of Qi, round square hole coin of Qin and ant nose coin of Chu. After Qin unified China, the first emperor of Qin promulgated the earliest currency law of China in 210 BC, which stipulated that half Liang coins with round square holes of Qin state could be used throughout the country. The unification of currency ended the disordered state of different shapes and great weight disparity of ancient Chinese currency, and it was a significant evolution from disordered shape to standard shape in the history of ancient Chinese currency. The shape of this round square hole determined by the Qin banliang coins continued until the early Republic of China< 3. The evolution from local coinage to central coinage. In the early Han Dynasty, the prefectures were allowed to cast money freely. According to the records of Shi Huo Zhi in the book of Han Dynasty, when Emperor Wen "got rid of the order of stealing and casting money, he made the people cast money freely", so "stealing and casting rose like clouds". This not only caused the currency confusion, but also made the rich merchants manipulate the coinage right, making the rich ratio the emperor. In 113 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty regained the minting right of the prefecture, and the central government unified the minting of wuzhu coin, which became the only legal currency at that time. From then on, it was determined that the central government should be responsible for the unified management of coin casting and issue, which was a significant evolution from local coin to central coin in the history of ancient Chinese currency. Since then, the central government has been in charge of the coinage. The return of the minting right to the central government played an important role in stabilizing the political situation and economic development of the dynasties
4. From the weight of documents to Tongbao and Yuanbao. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, coins are usually clearly marked with the weight of money, such as "half Liang", "five baht" and so on (24 baht is one or two). In 621, Li Yuan was determined to reform the currency system, abolish the ancient coins of different weights, and cast "Kaiyuan Tongbao" coins with the meaning of "opening up a new era"“ "Kaiyuan Tongbao" is a change from the weight of documents to Tongbao and Yuanbao in ancient China“ Kaiyuan Tongbao money is the earliest Tongbao money in China. Since then, copper coins in China no longer use money to mark the weight, but use Tongbao and Yuanbao. It has been used until the "Tongbao of the Republic of China" after the 1911 Revolution
5. The evolution from metal currency to paper currency. In the Northern Song Dynasty, with the development of exchange, the amount of money in circulation increased. During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Northern Song Dynasty, the annual coinage was 800000 yuan, and then graally increased. In order to make up for the shortage of copper coins, the government cast a large number of iron coins in some areas. According to the records of the history of Song Dynasty, the cast iron coins in Sichuan at that time always weighed 25 Jin and 8 Liang. To buy a piece of silk in Sichuan, you have to pay 130 Jin of iron. Iron money is so cumbersome and inconvenient that the paper money "Jiaozi" created and printed in the Northern Song Dynasty came into being in Sichuan. During the reign of emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, with the permission of the government, it was jointly operated by 16 wealthy families in Cheng“ The appearance of "Jiaozi" is an important evolution from metal currency to paper currency in ancient Chinese currency history“ Jiaozi is not only the earliest paper currency in China, but also the earliest paper currency in the world
ring the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, with the development of commodity economy, the metal weighing currency, which had to be divided and identified in circulation, was graally unsuitable and replaced by metal coins
from the spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period, four major monetary systems have been established: cloth coin, knife goods, ant nose money and ring money
1. Cloth coins are popular in the Central Plains, including Zhao, Han, Wei and Zhou royal family. Cloth coin was born out of bronze shovel shaped farm tools, which is homonymous with cloth. In the spring and Autumn period, the cloth coins were mainly hollow headed cloth, that is, hollow cloth with handle. In the Warring States period, the cloth coin is mainly flat head cloth, that is to say, compared with the "empty head cloth", it has no hollow handle and looks like shovel shaped copper. The shape of the cloth coin can be roughly divided into flat shoulder, shrug shoulder, round shoulder and square foot, pointed foot, round foot and so on. The most common evolution is from flat shoulder and flat bottom cloth or flat shoulder and square foot cloth to shrug shoulder and pointed foot cloth, round shoulder and round foot cloth, and later extended to Chu and Yan< 2. The eastern state of Qi and the northern state of Yan mainly used Dao coin. There are two types of Dao coin: Yanming Dao and Qi Dao. The shape of the Dao coin is similar to the Dao tools used by northern nomads such as Shanrong and Beidi. Because of the word "Hua" on Qi Dao surface, it is called "Dao Hua". The back of the knife is divided into arc back, folding back and straight back. The head of the knife can be divided into flat head and pointed head. It is also a kind of bronze coin in early China< 3. In the northwest of China, the state of Qin only used ring coin, whose shape was evolved from spinning wheel or jade wall. Ring coin is divided into round hole and square hole. During the Warring States period, the round hole was cast earlier. Later, King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty and the first emperor of Qin Dynasty cast "half Liang" coins with round square hole. Round ring coin is the original state of square hole coin
4. The copper shell of Chu state in South China is called ant nose coin, which evolved from shell coin. "Tongbei Qianwen" looks like a ghost face, which is a combination of "Beihua". Ant nose means small money. There is a bronze shell coin in Chu state, commonly known as "ghost face money" and "ant nose money". In addition to ant nose money, Chu also had gold weighing currency, which was the only country with gold as currency in circulation ring the Warring States period
in a word, the four monetary systems in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period evolved from the tools of labor and proction such as knives, shovels and spinning wheels, which shows the regional characteristics and social features of economic life such as wars, fishing and hunting, pottery making, textile and trade exchanges. At the same time, the formation of the four currency areas was also the proct of the separatist regimes. With the development of economy and commodity trade. The exchange of currencies in various countries requires and promotes the unification and standardization of monetary system< Third, the evolution of Gangqian in successive dynasties. "Mu Qian" is derived from different editions of a kind of gang Qian. The compendium and detailed list constitute the system of coins. The history of currency can be understood by the clue of "Gang Qian"; Taking Mu Qian as a clue, we can get involved in the appreciation and Archaeology of ancient coins. The following is mainly about the political, economic and historical changes in ancient China< From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Gangqian system can be divided into two stages. The first stage: the Qin and Han Dynasties and Sui and Tang Dynasties were dominated by copper coins, with the Qin "half two coins" and Han "five baht coins" as the main two systems. In the second stage, from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, in addition to the coinage, the Baowen system was different from the former Zhu system, and the paper currency and silver standard system also appeared< (1) after the Qin and Han Dynasties unified the six states, the political unification required the economic unification as the foundation. The first emperor of Qin complied with the historical development trend, unified the characters, weights and measures, and also unified the currency. It is stipulated that "gold" is the upper coin, long (20 Liang) is the unit, round square hole copper coin is the lower coin, and half Liang is the unit. This kind of square hole round money has become the main form of Chinese currency since then, and has been used for more than 2000 years. Why take this shape? The main reason is that the ring is easy to carry, and the copper coin with square hole is not easy to rotate, which can prevent wear. Some people think that this kind of shape expresses the ancients' cosmology that the sky is round and the place is round. Fangkongyuan coin of Qin Dynasty is the earliest legal currency in the world
to identify the "half Liang Qian" in Warring States and Qin Dynasty, we can start with calligraphy. In the Warring States period, "banliang" was a big seal character, while in the Qin Dynasty, "banliang" was a small seal character. It is said that Qin coins were written by Prime Minister Lisi. Probably influenced by this, most of Qian Wen after the Qin Dynasty were written by high officials or famous calligraphers. In the Song Dynasty, the emperor's book money also appeared. One of the differences between Chinese ancient coins and Western coins is that the layout of Chinese ancient coins is mainly based on the characters of money, and there are few patterns in circulation coins, while western coins are mainly based on the patterns of animals, plants, people and elephants. Calligraphy on ancient coins is another topic
it is said that in order to guard against the rebellion of the common people, the first emperor of Qin collected weapons from all over the world and cast twelve gold men. This is bound to affect the casting amount of copper coins. Because of the high price of copper and the lack of currency circulation, the value of Qin banliang coin is very high. At the beginning of Han Dynasty, the problem of "Qin money is heavy (expensive) and difficult to use" occurred. The Han Dynasty inherited the Qin Dynasty system and used half Liang coins, but when Liu Bang was emperor, the country was very poor, so he cast many small coins, such as "Yujiao half Liang, eight baht half Liang, four baht half Liang, etc. One or two is twenty-four baht. Because of the great weight loss of Qin banliang, the name of "banliang" does not match the reality. In particular, a small half two, shaped like elm fruit and called "Yujiao half two" weight less than 1 gram, less than 1 cm in diameter. The Han Dynasty also allowed private coinage and prefecture coinage, which led to currency system disorder and inflation, until Emperor Wu changed the currency system greatly< (2) the "five baht money" and its evolution in the Han Dynasty
after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, it was urgent to open up financial resources for "foreign affairs of four barbarians and internal utilitarianism". At the same time, the prefectures cast money freely, resulting in currency chaos, rising prices and threatening the central finance. In 118 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered to abolish the coinage right of the prefectures in the early Han Dynasty, and changed it to the unified coinage of the central government. There are three "Shanglin officials", namely Zhongguan (Palm coin), biantong (palm material) and Junshu (palm model), which constitute a central mint to proce wuzhu coin, also known as Shanglin coin and Sanguan coin. The high quality of the five baht money has changed the phenomenon of currency chaos and is concive to centralization and economic development. It has been more than 700 years since Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, including Western Han Dynasty, Xinmang Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties. The five baht has long been the legal tender of all dynasties. Because of the appropriate weight of the five iron coins, China's square hole round coins with "five baht" as the main form also influenced Japan, Annan, North Korea and other countries. And Thailand's current currency unit is still called "baht", which has something to do with it< 2. The chaos of the new mang currency system and the emergence of fine coin casting procts
in the late Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang established a new dynasty, reformed the system and issued money indiscriminately. For example, "big spring 50" is a kind of big money cast by Wang Mang to solve the economic crisis after he came to power“ "Spring" is the borrowing of the word "money". Wang Mang believed in Wei's theory. After he captured Liu's family name, in order to avoid the word "Liu", the word "Liu" was composed of Mao, Jin and Dao, so the word "Quan" was used instead of "Jin". The weight of a "Daquan 50" is only two and a half times that of the five baht coin of the Western Han Dynasty, but it should be used as fifty five baht coins. It means that every time a large coin is issued, 47 and a half baht wealth will be taken away from the people, which will inevitably cause people's dissatisfaction, so the people still trade with the five baht money. by
Wenzhou administrative approval center
take a taxi to the south bus station and transfer to the express from Wenzhou to Yueqing
after arriving at the station, take a taxi to Yueqing administrative service center
2. Take a look at the buses. You can go to the "Ouhai District government" station.