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Computing power of desktop graphics card

Publish: 2021-05-24 08:11:51
1. Here we are talking about the high-frequency 980ti
single precision floating-point operation capacity of about 7400g flops

double precision floating-point operation capacity of about 235g flops (double precision is 32 times of single precision)
video memory write speed and read speed of about 12gb / S, speed of about 210gb / s
each 980ti parameter is different, this value is only for reference. It's about that level.
2. Why is there such a platform? With the advent of the era of big data and artificial intelligence, data processing has become an important proctivity, and the proctivity of data is supported by computing power. The tenth power computing power platform is the platform that provides such computing power support.
3. When talking about the origin of money, Marx said that gold and silver are not money naturally, but money is gold and silver naturally

Marx analyzed the origin of money from the relationship of commodity exchange, established the theory of money and commodity on the basis of labor value theory, and revealed the objective inevitability of the emergence of money from the development requirements of value form< The theoretical logic is as follows:

1. Commodity exchange and value form
commodity is the unity of opposites between use value and value. Use value is the natural attribute of commodity, which is used to meet people's needs. Value is the social attribute of commodity, which proves the existence of human general labor condensed in commodity. The basis of commodity exchange is the value of commodity, because the use value is different and cannot be compared with each other. Only the value has the commonality of quality and the comparability of quantity, the exchange of equivalent value becomes a natural exchange law. So, how can we know whether the goods have value and the size of the value? In other words, how does the value of goods show
use value appears directly in material form and can be directly perceived by people's senses, but value is an abstract labor embedded in commodities, which can not be expressed by commodities themselves, but relatively expressed in the process of commodity exchange. That is to say, through exchange, the value of one commodity is expressed in another. The latter commodity becomes the form of value expression of the former commodity, which proves the amount of labor contained in the former commodity exchanged with it by its own quantity. This is the manifestation of commodity value, referred to as the form of value. Money is proced in the development of the form of value determined by the development of commodity exchange. Money is just an advanced form of value expression
2. The development of the form of value and the emergence of money
(1) the equivalent in the form of simple value
before the great division of labor in human society, commodity exchange was only an accidental phenomenon. The extremely low level of proctivity determines that it is impossible for people to exchange surplus procts, let alone proce for exchange. But this kind of accidental commodity exchange already has a simple form of commodity value expression, that is, the value of commodity is relatively expressed through another kind of commodity. It shows that the commodity has the equivalent, the value is no longer completely abstract, but has the "form of matter". As an exchange, goods only meet the needs of different use values of the exchange. As an equivalent, its significance is not in use value, but in value. Once a commodity is regarded as an equivalent, it has the following characteristics:
first, use value becomes the manifestation of value. The value of equivalent can't show the value of other goods by its own value, because its own value is also internal and unpredictable, which can only be expressed by its own external form, that is, a certain amount of use value< Second, concrete labor becomes the manifestation of abstract labor. Equivalent is also the proct of concrete labor, but it is used to measure the quality and quantity of labor contained in other goods, and becomes the representative of abstract labor. The concrete labor of procing equivalent materializes the abstract labor condensed in the commodities exchanged with it< Thirdly, private labor has become the manifestation of social labor. The essence of the active exchange between a commodity and its equivalent is to make the private labor that proces the commodity obtain social recognition and transform it into social labor. But the labor of procing the equivalent is also private labor. Only because the equivalent is forced by others in the exchange relationship and has the ability to directly exchange with other commodities, this kind of private labor has direct sociality and becomes the representative of social labor
the above characteristics of the equivalent remind people that the germ of money has been bred in the simple form of commodity value. The characteristics of the equivalent contain the essence of money, and money is a mature equivalent
(2) the expanded form of value proves the indifference of value and exposes the defect of direct exchange of things
with the development of proctive forces, especially the emergence of social division of labor, commodity exchange is no longer an accident, but a regular phenomenon. In this way, each commodity is no longer accidentally exchanged with another commodity, but frequently exchanged with many other commodities; Its value is no longer simply expressed by another commodity, but by many kinds of commodities; There is more than one equivalent of each commodity, but a series. This shows that the value of a commodity has nothing to do with the special form of its use value, and every commodity entered into the exchange can act as the equivalent of other commodities. Value is the condensation of undifferentiated human labor, which has been proved in this expanded form of value expression. At this time, the exchange ratio between commodities is no longer determined by chance, but closer to the actual value contained in them
nevertheless, the performance of commodity value is still inadequate, especially not uniform. The fundamental reason is that the commodity exchange at this time is a direct exchange of things, and the material through which the commodity expresses its own value has not been separated from the direct demand of the exchanger for its use value. Therefore, many commodities can not act as equivalents in fact, which limits the expression of value. Moreover, the equivalent of one commodity may not be the equivalent of another commodity, because the former needs its use value, while the latter does not. There is no uniform scale of commodity value. The more the proction develops, the more the commodities are exchanged, and the more the defects of non-uniform value expression are exposed; The goods used for exchange must meet the needs of both sides in terms of variety, quantity and quality, and the value and quantity are equal in order to realize the exchange. This causes great difficulties to the further development of commodity exchange; In order to exchange for the needed goods, it is often necessary to carry out a number of twists and turns of the transaction. The difficulty in exchange calls for the further development of the form of value
(3) the emergence of general equivalent
when people encounter difficulties in direct barter, they begin to spontaneously or instinctively find a kind of commodity in the market. This kind of commodity enters the exchange most times, and its use value is what everyone needs. As long as they change their own commodity into this kind of commodity first, and then change the commodity they actually want, it will not be a problem. If everyone does this and regards this kind of commodity as equivalent, then this kind of commodity will actually become the public or general equivalent of all commodities. People finally get rid of the bondage of different use values in exchange, and make the direct exchange of things become the indirect exchange mediated by the general equivalent
obviously, the general equivalent is no longer an ordinary commodity, it has two important characteristics:
first, the general equivalent is no longer the object of consumption, but the medium of exchange. It shows that commodities as general equivalents are not the purpose of people's exchange, but the means of exchange
Second, the general equivalent does not use its natural use value, but uses the use value endowed by society - the ability to directly exchange with other goods - to express the value of goods. It shows that the manifestation of commodity value can be separated from the body of commodity and take any form
(4) the emergence of money
the emergence of general equivalent solved the contradiction and difficulty of direct barter exchange, and made the commodity exchange get new development under the medium of general equivalent. But at this time, the goods that act as the general equivalent are still not fixed, sometimes one kind, sometimes another kind. This situation will inevitably hinder the further development of commodity exchange. Therefore, it is natural for people to unify the general equivalent in a large range (such as a national market or even a country) to make it a long-term fixed general equivalent. This fixed general equivalent is money.
4. Marx studies the origin of money from the analysis of commodities. "As long as we understand that the root of money lies in the commodity itself, the main difficulties in monetary analysis will be overcome." As for the formation and development of money, Marx always focused on the internal contradiction and externalization of goods. Marx believed that in the history of commodity proction and commodity exchange for thousands of years, the value form of money has experienced four stages: simple value form, expanded value form, general value form and money form< (1) simple or accidental forms of value
the simple or accidental form of value refers to the fact that the value of a commodity is only expressed accidentally and simply through another commodity. For example: 1 sheep = 3 axes. This equation shows that the value of a sheep is expressed by three axes
(2) the form of expanded value. With the development of proctivity, exchange has become a common phenomenon. At this time, a commodity is not accidentally exchanged with the same commodity, but frequently exchanged with many commodities. In this way, the form of value will develop to the second stage, which is the expanded form of value. The expanded form of value refers to the value of commodities expressed through many commodities. This form of value can more fully reflect the nature of value than the simple form of value, that is, the condensation of undifferentiated human labor< (3) general form of value. From countless exchanges, people have realized what commodities are willing to accept in a certain regional market. In this way, as long as you exchange your own goods for the goods that you are more willing to accept, and then exchange them for the things you need, the exchange is not only successful, but also easy. In this way, a commodity will naturally be separated from many commodities and become the equivalent of all commodities. Value is expressed through this commodity. This form of value is called the general form of value. Its appearance is a qualitative leap in the development of value form< (4) monetary form. With the development of exchange, the common equivalent is assumed by gold and silver. The reason why gold or silver can undertake this important task is that it is also a commodity and has value; Secondly, because gold and silver have the characteristics of small size, high value, easy to carry, not easy to deteriorate and damage, uniform texture, easy to split and so on, it is most suitable to be used as currency materials. Therefore, Marx pointed out: "gold and silver are not money naturally, but money is gold and silver naturally.". When gold and silver are separated from the commodity world and monopolize the status of general equivalent, they become money
from the above analysis, we can see that money is the result of the development of the form of value, and it is a kind of special commodity separated from the commodity world in the long historical development process of commodity exchange. Money is the complete form of value form, which is the origin of money. Based on this, Marx thinks that the essence of money is nothing more than a special commodity that serves as a general equivalent, reflecting the proction relationship between commodity procers
the essence of money is a special commodity that serves as a general equivalent, which can only be fully expressed through the function of money. Money has five functions: value scale, circulation means, payment means, storage money and world money. The first two functions are basic functions, and the last three functions are generated with the development of commodity economy
(1) value scale. The so-called value measure is that money acts as a measure of the value of all other commodities. Money has the function of value measure because money itself is also a commodity, which also condenses general human labor and has value. The function of money to implement the value scale is to show the value of goods as a certain price, so there is no need for real money, as long as there is imaginary or conceptual money 2 Circulation means. Means of circulation refers to the function of money as the medium of commodity exchange. Commodity exchange with money as the medium is commodity circulation. The formula is: commodity currency commodity (w-g-w). The currency that carries out the means of circulation must be real. With the development of economy and the progress of science and technology, gold and silver are graally replaced by paper money, and tangible paper money is replaced by invisible electronic money 3 Storage means. Storage means means that money withdraws from circulation and is regarded as a general substitute for social wealth and an independent form of value. As a means of storage, money must be real and valuable 4 Means of payment. Means of payment refers to the function of money as exchange value to pay off debts, pay taxes and rents. In the proction and exchange of commodities, e to the different proction time and sales time of various commodities, the phenomenon of selling on credit is inevitable. Here, money is not directly used as the medium of commodity exchange, and the payment of money is only to repay the previous debts. When money implements the means of payment, it must be based on the credit of both sides of the exchange, and with the help of a certain form of contract 5 World currency. World currency refers to the currency that plays the role of general equivalent in the international market. The functions of the world currency are mainly manifested in three aspects: first, as a general means of payment, it is used to pay the balance of payments; Second, as a general means of purchase, it is used to buy foreign goods; The third is to act as the general representative of social wealth, transferring from one country to another. Such as paying war reparations and exporting monetary capital. With the development of monetary form and the deepening of international economic ties, the function of gold as the world currency has been greatly weakened, and the currencies of some countries with strong economic strength can also play the role of world currency to a certain extent. There are organic relations among the five functions of money, which embody the essence of money as a general equivalent
finally, Marx elaborated on the law of money circulation. The law of money circulation is the law of the amount of money needed in circulation in a certain period of time. The basic content is that the amount of money as a means of circulation depends on the total price of the commodities to be circulated and the speed of money circulation. The amount of money needed in circulation is directly proportional to the total price of goods and inversely proportional to the speed of money circulation. The formula is: the amount of money needed in circulation = the total price of goods for sale / the velocity of currency per unit. The total price of commodities in the formula depends on the proct of the quantity of commodities to be circulated and the price level of commodities. Therefore, the price level, the amount of goods to be circulated and the speed of money circulation determine the amount of money in circulation. After the function of money as a means of payment came into being, there appeared the phenomenon of selling and buying on credit. Under this condition, the above formula of money circulation should be supplemented appropriately. The formula is: the amount of money needed in circulation = (the total price of goods to be sold - the total price of goods sold on credit + the total price e - the total amount of offsetting) / the number of times of currency circulation of the same name
monetary theory is a very important part of the Marxist economic theory system. It has a very important practical guiding significance for the improvement and development of China's socialist market economy, especially for strengthening and improving macro-control, especially in the financial field. First of all, we must consciously follow the law of money circulation, strictly control the issuance of money according to the objective needs of commodity circulation, and maintain the general balance between money circulation and the supply of market commodities. Secondly, as for the credit function of currency execution, we can neither avoid the side that it is beneficial to the development of socialist market economy, nor let it develop freely. Especially when the socialist market economy has yet to be graally improved and mature, and China's financial system is still very fragile, we can only adopt the graal opening and reform of the financial sector. In addition, we should develop virtual economy reasonably and normatively. The development of virtual economy should be based on the real economy to prevent the blind expansion of virtual economy.
5.

bus line: no.707, the whole journey is about 1.5km

1. Walk about 440m from Xi'an railway station to the railway station

2. Take no.707, pass by 2 stations, and reach revolutionary Park Station (you can also take no.8/610, 103)

3. Walk about 240m to Shaanxi Convention and Exhibition Center

6.

bus line: no.230 → Metro Line 1 → Metro Line 2 → No.408, the whole journey is about 24.0km

1. Take no.230 from Baqiao railway station, pass 5 stations, and reach baozicun station (or take No.233)

2. Walk about 250m to Banpo station

3. Take Metro Line 1, pass 8 stations, and reach Beidajie station

4. Take Metro Line 2, pass 7 stations, Arrive at the exhibition center station

5, walk about 330 meters, arrive at the National Exhibition Center Station

6, take bus 408, pass 2 stops, and arrive at the South passenger station

6

7.

bus line: no.907 → no.910, the whole journey is about 17.5km

1. Walk about 970m from Baqiao railway station to No.34 middle school station

2. Take no.907, pass 12 stations, and reach cement plant station

3. Walk about 240m to cement plant station

4. Take no.910, pass 8 stations, and reach No.62 middle school (automobile College) station

5. Walk about 1.1km, Arrive at Bailu warehouse in Bailuyuan

8. No, there's only line 2, which is on the North-South main road
9. Of course, it's circling road. Yuzhong campus is from freshman to junior, and senior students are all in medical campus or other downtown campuses...
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