Computational power of fractional multiplication distribution ra
abbr. 上表皮生长因素Epidermal Growth Factor
Chinese ancient coins are the proct of commodity exchange. At the end of primitive society, the earliest currency was physical currency. Generally speaking, nomadic people used livestock and animal skins to realize their monetary functions, while agricultural people used grain, cloth, agricultural tools, pottery, seashells, pearls and jade as the earliest physical currency. According to archaeological excavation, a large number of pottery pots were unearthed from late Neolithic sites such as Banpo as sacrificial objects; A large number of pig heads and mandibles were buried in Dawenkou Culture, which shows that pigs and pottery played the role of monetary wealth in the late primitive society. However, as we all know, the widely circulated ancient physical currency was "Bei". Because as physical currency, cattle, sheep, pigs and other livestock can not be separated, grains will rot, pearls and jade are too few, and knives and shovels are too heavy, so the final focus is on the seashells. Seashells can be used as necklaces. They are valuable and easy to carry and count. Therefore, they are selected as the main currency in long-term commodity exchange. In the archaeological excavation, a large number of natural shellfish were unearthed from the sites of Xia Dynasty and Shang Dynasty, and they were used as physical currency until the spring and Autumn period. Therefore, most Chinese characters related to wealth and value are related to "Bei". Such as: expensive, capital, greed, poverty, wealth, purchase, etc
China is the first country in the world to use coins. Three thousand years ago, the tombs of the late Shang Dynasty unearthed a lot of "bronze shells without inscription", which are the most primitive metal coins. By the late Western Zhou Dynasty, in addition to shell coins, there were some metal weighing coins, such as loose copper blocks and ingots, which were also unearthed in archaeological excavations
to sum up, from the late primitive society to the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the main form of money was physical money, and natural shellfish was widely circulated. A small amount of metal coins and coins appeared in the later period, which belongs to the period of currency germination and formation
money is a commodity (or special commodity) that serves as a general equivalent. Before money came into being, people mainly exchanged goods through barter. With the development of barter, the process of barter was too rigid. People graally found that there were some goods in the market, such as rable bronze, colorful pottery, or other things that people were willing to accept, In this way, the commodity became the original physical form of money. So which things or materials became money in ancient times
shellfish currency: shellfish and shellfish currency can be said to be the earliest and longest used physical currency in China. Until the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, this kind of currency was still used in Yunnan minority areas. The conditions for shells to become currency are as follows: first, they have practical functions (such as the use of ornaments); Second, it has natural units; Thirdly, it is strong and rable; Fourth, it is easy to carry. In particular, its natural unit had its unique natural advantages in the ancient times when the melting metal technology was not developed. In ancient times, people used seashells to wear them into a string with ropes, so each string became a unit. The earliest monetary unit of shell coin is "Peng", that is, ten pieces in a string, two strings for a friend. In ancient Chinese oracle bone inscriptions, the word "Bei Peng" is often linked together. The meaning of the word "Bei" is similar to that of the word "Cai" now. Up to now, many Chinese characters related to the meaning of money, such as wealth, expensive, poor, cheap and so on, are based on the character Bei
metal currency: (1) bronze tools: from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the spring and Autumn period, e to the continuous improvement of bronze proction technology, a large number of bronze proction tools appeared. The importance of bronze tools already lies in the shell used as decoration. Therefore, in the process of exchange and trade, some proction tools, such as knives, shovels The spinning wheel became the means of circulation and payment, and developed into a general equivalent. There are two reasons why bronze tools replace shells as currency. One is that the number of shells used as currency is not so large that it can no longer meet the increasing market demand. The second reason is that the practical value of proction tools is greater than that of shells which can only be used as decorations< (2) bronze currency: from the spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period, the tools made of bronze graally evolved into bronze currency, because it was too cumbersome and inconvenient to exchange tools as the general equivalent of market circulation. People began to accept bronze coins in the form of tools. During the Warring States period, there were three major systems of currency: cloth coin, knife coin and ring coin
cloth coin was not made of cloth. At that time, there was no cloth. Instead, it evolved into a kind of metal coin by imitating farm implements and shovels. The earliest cloth coin completely retains the shape of a spade. The circulation area of cloth coin is very wide, Jin in spring and Autumn period, Zhao, Han, Wei in Warring States period all use cloth coin
at first glance, Dao coin is a practical tool, evolved from Dao, which was a kind of fishing and hunting tool at that time. The circulation range of Dao coin is not as wide as that of Bu coin, but in the eastern countries such as Qi and Yan. This is because most people in the ancient western region were mainly farmers, so they used farm implements as currency. In the eastern part of China, there are many coastal waters and rivers, so people are mostly engaged in fishing and hunting, so they use DAO coin as currency
the ring coin is round with a hole in the middle. There are stone beads drilled in Paleolithic period, stone rings and stone beads in Neolithic period. On the ancient Yangshao cultural site in China, many spinning wheels made of clay and stone were excavated, all of which were round and perforated in the middle, similar to the early ring coin. Therefore, the ring coin was probably evolved from the spinning wheel. The ancient Bi is the jade ring. According to experts' research, Huanqian was the early currency of Qin state
knife coin, cloth coin and ring coin are all tangible metal coins. Letter currency initially reced its weight and kept its form, but later changed its form and only kept its name. This kind of currency is a tendency system of transition from natural form currency such as shell coin to metal coin. In our country, their appearance has the historical function of connecting the preceding and the following, carrying forward the past and opening up the future< (3) Qin banliang coin: after Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, the currency system of Qin state was carried out in the whole country, with gold as the upper coin, the unit of which is long, that is, twenty Liang, and copper as the lower coin, that is, "banliang" coin. The reason why gold is the top currency is that it is limited to a large number of payments, such as the emperor's reward. The appearance of "half Liang" money in Qin Dynasty marks a new era of Chinese metal currency, that is, the heavy currency with unified weight name and currency name< (4) wuzhu coin of Han Dynasty: after the establishment of Han Dynasty, wuzhu coin was cast in the fifth year of Yuanshou (118 BC) of Emperor Wu. It was not until the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty that the wuzhu money disappeared. The five baht coin is the most successful and longest used coin in Chinese history. In terms of its weight, the five baht coin is the standard currency. Even after the fourth year of Wude in Tang Dynasty, the weight of the new coin was still based on the five baht coin< (5) Tongbao of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty: it is recorded in shihuo, an old book of Tang Dynasty: "when Emperor Gaozu ascended the throne, he still used the five baht money of Sui Dynasty. In July of the fourth year of Wude (621), the five baht coin was discarded and the Kaiyuan Tongbao coin was used. It was eight cents in diameter and weighed two baht and four cents. The accumulated ten Wen weighed one or two, and one thousand Wen weighed six Jin and four Liang. "“ From then on, "money" became the unit of weight, and the carry system of "ten money or two" was born“ "Kaiyuan" Tong Bao often makes us think that it was made in the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty. In fact, "Kaiyuan" means "opening a new era"“ "Tongbao" is the meaning of "popular treasure goods in China". The appearance of Kaiyuan Tongbao coin ended the tradition of naming coins with five baht in weight for more than 700 years since the Western Han Dynasty, and created Tongbao and Yuanbao coin systems. Since the Tang Dynasty, coins were no longer named with weight, but were renamed "Bao", or Tongbao, or Yuanbao, or chongbao, or other treasures. From the founding of Kaiyuan Tongbao coin in the fourth year of Wude to "Hongxian Tongbao" in 1916, Tongbao and Yuanbao coin systems have been in use for nearly 1300 years, and their long vitality is rare in the history of world currency< (6) silver became legal tender in Ming Dynasty. With the recovery and upsurge of commodity economy, and the huge trade surplus since the middle and late Ming Dynasty, a large number of overseas silver flowed in. Silver was used more and more widely and became the main legal tender, forming a currency circulation system with silver as the main and money as the auxiliary. There are two kinds of silver coins: silver and silver dollar. Silver has been used for a long time in our country, which is a kind of weighing currency. It has various shapes, such as silver cake, silver ingot, silver ingot and silver pieces. When using it, we should depend on the quality and weight. Most of the silver inflows from overseas are silver dollars, which have a stable value and are welcomed and widely used by businessmen in coastal provinces. After the Opium War, all provinces cast silver coins with dragon pattern. The price of silver is moderate and stable. Its wide use facilitates commodity trade and promotes the accumulation of commercial capital
paper money: in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the commodity economy had a great development, and the trade also increased, "every transaction is 100000", so the demand for money was also increasing. At that time, copper coins, silver coins and iron coins were popular in the market, and iron coins were also popular in some areas. Because iron coins were very heavy (the large ones weighed 25 Jin, and the medium ones also weighed 13 Jin), it was extremely inconvenient to carry and use, which seriously affected the circulation of money and the development of commodity economy. In the early years of emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, 16 wealthy merchants in Cheng, Sichuan Province jointly issued a paper currency, jiaozi, which is more convenient to carry than metal currency“ "Jiaozi" is Sichuan dialect, "Zi" is the usual ending of Sichuan dialect, "Jiao" means "meet" and "coincide", which means that two coupons can be exchanged for cash together. It is on a small piece of paper, printed with pictures of houses, trees and people, and made a code to prevent others from ing: jiaozi replaced iron money. This is the beginning of the use of paper money in China and the earliest paper money in the world. It is a great progress in the history of currency development in China. Jiaozi can not only be used in the market, but also be exchanged for cash at jiaozi shop. The old and new jiaozi can be exchanged once every three years. In the first year of emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty (A.D. 1023), jiaozi was issued by the government. The amount of each issue was limited, and iron money was used as reserve fund. In 1105 ad, it was renamed "Qian Yin" to replace the devalued "Jiao Zi". In the Southern Song Dynasty, jiaozi was renamed Guanzi and Huizi. In the Yuan Dynasty, paper money was used as the main currency, which was the unprecedented prosperity of paper money circulation in Chinese history. It was also the first regime in the world to implement pure paper money circulation. In the first year of Zhongtong in the Yuan Dynasty (1260 A.D.), the paper currency "Zhongtong Baochao" appeared for the first time and was used for a long time in the Yuan Dynasty. In 1294 A.D., this kind of "Zhongtong banknote" spread to Persia, and from Persia to other countries. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, paper money was still issued, but it was not widely circulated because it was used together with metal money. In modern times, paper money was widely circulated and graally replaced metal money< From the above, we can conclude the evolution rules of ancient Chinese currency as follows:
first, the evolution from natural currency to artificial currency: Bei is the earliest currency in China. With the rapid development of commodity exchange, the demand for money is increasing. Seashells have been unable to meet people's needs. People began to imitate seashells with copper. With the extensive use of artificial coinage, seashells have become more and more natural
How much does an app mall cost
in recent years, the development of domestic e-commerce instry is booming, with the addition of big data, blockchain technology and social media, the mode of e-commerce instry has also been unprecedented development and transformation, such as the transformation from traditional B2C to C2C, consumers can become buyers and promoters, so as to stimulate consumption. So what is the development logic behind the mall app? How much does it cost to make an e-commerce app? Next, let's understand from the following aspects one by one
professional level affects the price of mall app proction to a certain extent
we all know that when making a quotation of mall app, the most important thing is manpower allocation. The higher the manpower allocation, the higher the quotation of Mall app
take a simple app as an example, you need at least one Android front-end development engineer, one apple development engineer, one Java or C + + back-end development engineer, plus an art designer and a proct manager to spend 100000 + per month in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou
therefore, the quotation of professional companies is generally on the high side, but the result is expected, while the quotation of better and simple small teams is relatively balanced, and the effect is relatively poor
in addition, geographical selection is also a point for consideration. For example, the development level of mall app in the first tier cities, especially in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, is higher. First, it gathers the best talents from all over the country. Second, it is the technology research and development ability and the trend of mall app leading more cutting-edge
The key can be obtained by opening the iron box, because players will consume a key when they fail to play a small game. Therefore, it is recommended that you use the S / L method to open the iron box, which is to use the save / load technique, that is, repeatedly use & quot; Archive & quot& quot; Reading files & quot; Function, by saving and rereading files in time to achieve the similar effect of time reversal. But the iron box is not the mechanism box... The mechanism box is more advanced than the iron box
in addition, players can also get a pile of iron keys and dig out a lot of interesting things by digging mines and treasures! But you need to hit a hamster with a high number of combos. Fortunately, this little game is not difficult. The quick buddy Kwai Xiao partners can play 26 or 27 hits. p> The detailed operations are as follows:
after mining 100 (or not 100, but as high as possible), in the game of playing hamster, if you hit continuously (after the number of combos specified in the game), there will be a hamster holding a treasure box. If you hit it, you will add a key. If you want to get more keys, you can play more times and play more hamsters
in the prequel to the legend of swordsman, if you want to get the key, you can go to find Shi Yan. After all, she is a famous thief, and you can't forget a few keys. If you want to have a good relationship with her and develop her into a teammate, you can say what you want, martial arts secrets, weapons and equipment
the above is the detailed method to obtain the key props. After mastering it, players can try it on their own
1、 First of all, go to the wild to look for jars, which can be found in many places
You need a saddle to ride on a pig. The original saddle can't be synthesized. It can only be found in ngeons, lower fortresses, desert temples, jungle temples and blacksmith's boxes in NPC villages. If you want to control the direction, you have to have a carrot fishing rod, a fishing rod and a carrot. If you want to breed pigs, use carrots