Heshan court to Central Hospital
Publish: 2021-05-23 02:58:10
1. Order method
limit order: the user needs to specify the price and quantity of the order. Limit order can be used for opening and closing positions
order at opposite price: if you choose to order at opposite price, you can only enter the order quantity, not the order price. The system will read the latest competitor price at the moment of receiving the entrustment (if the user buys, the competitor price is the selling price of 1); If it is a sell, then the counter price is buy 1 price). Issue a price limit order for this counter price.
limit order: the user needs to specify the price and quantity of the order. Limit order can be used for opening and closing positions
order at opposite price: if you choose to order at opposite price, you can only enter the order quantity, not the order price. The system will read the latest competitor price at the moment of receiving the entrustment (if the user buys, the competitor price is the selling price of 1); If it is a sell, then the counter price is buy 1 price). Issue a price limit order for this counter price.
2. You should go to the rural cooperative medical management center of the insured area for reimbursement. Generally speaking, the reimbursement rate of medical treatment in other places will be slightly lower than that in local places. It is suggested that you go to the rural cooperative medical insurance management center of your insured place for consultation directly, because medical treatment in other places needs to go through relevant proceres, and the expenses of medical treatment in other places can only be reimbursed according to the regulations after being approved by the rural cooperative medical insurance management center of the insured place.
3. Project, management,
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help you, do it, do it
OK, I'll send it to you, do it,
help you, do it, do it
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5. Online direct search
6. Ah, we can't find 8000 words, mainly e to the lack of examples in the paper, so the number of words is relatively small
it seems that it's difficult for you to print directly. Here's a sample essay, which may be helpful for your paper< Abstract: This paper mainly discusses the construction project contract management, combined with practical experience, summarizes the construction project contract management skills
key words: construction project; Contract management; Management skills; Construction market
(1) contract management of construction project and its significance
construction project contract is an economic contract, which is an agreement between the contracting unit and the contractor in order to achieve the agreed project construction goals and the specific contents related to the project construction goals, and clarify the mutual rights and obligations of both parties. It is the highest code of conct of the parties to a contract in the process of construction project implementation, and it is the legal basis for standardizing the economic activities of both parties, coordinating the working relationship between both parties, and resolving contract disputes. Contract management is to organize, guide, coordinate and supervise the contract relationship by legal and administrative means in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and rules and regulations, so as to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to the contract, deal with contract disputes, prevent and sanction violations, A series of activities to ensure the implementation of contract terms
with the development of China's construction market, the importance of construction project contract management is becoming increasingly apparent< Strengthening contract management is in line with the requirements of socialist market economy. The use of contracts to guide and manage the construction market conforms to the general trend of the government's transformation of functions and the application of laws, regulations and economic means to regulate and manage the market. And the main body of the construction market must also improve the internal management system according to the requirements of the market law, one of the most important is the contract management
2. Contract management is the core of construction project management, and strengthening contract management is the need of effective project management. The implementation of any construction project is based on the signing of a series of contract. Ignoring the contract management means that the project quality, progress and cost cannot be effectively controlled, let alone the comprehensive management of human resources, work communication and project risk. Only by grasping the core of contract management, can the operation state of the whole construction project be regulated as a whole, and the construction goal be achieved
3. Strengthening the contract management is also the need to standardize the behavior of each construction subject. The construction project contract defines the basic rights and obligations of all parties of the construction subject. It is the legal basis for all parties of the construction subject to fulfill their obligations and enjoy their rights. At the same time, it is also the legal basis for correctly handling all kinds of disputes and disputes in the process of construction project implementation. Throughout the current economic activities and transactions in China's construction market, the credit crisis and unfair competition are mostly related to the weak legal concept of the construction subject and the weak contract management consciousness. To strengthen the contract management and urge the parties of the construction subject to fulfill their obligations in accordance with the contract and deal with the disputes and disputes can play a positive role in standardizing the behavior of the construction subject and promoting the rectification of China's construction market< 4. To strengthen the contract management is the need of our country to meet the international competition. So far, China's construction market has been fully open. Facing the impact and challenge from foreign construction enterprises, we must adapt to the international market rules and follow international practices. Only by strengthening contract management, can construction enterprises compete with foreign construction enterprises and win their own survival and development space< (2) construction project contract management
the scope of construction project contract management is wide, involving management from construction administrative departments, instrial and commercial administrative departments, construction units, supervision units and contractors. Combined with many years of project contract management practice, the author thinks that the project contract management must grasp the following aspects:
1. Pay attention to the formulation and analysis of construction project contract text
in the form of contract text, the contract demonstration text should be used as far as possible. In practice, there are many cases of economic disputes caused by the use of different forms of contract. Therefore, we should try our best to use the contract sample of construction and equipment installation of various public buildings, civil residences, instrial plants, traffic facilities and line management - "construction project construction contract (model text)". Except for special circumstances, do not use the contract text format prepared by both parties. This can effectively prevent the absence, omission and inequality of the proposed contract. At the same time, it is also helpful for the administrative organs to supervise the implementation of the contract, help the arbitration institutions or the people's court to judge the disputes in time, and safeguard the legitimate interests of both parties
in addition, when drawing up the content of the contract text, the contract management personnel must conct in-depth research on the current situation of the project, so as to make the drawing up of the contract predictable, and carry out detailed analysis on the contract, so as to avoid the ambiguity of the proposed terms. To draw up the contract text, we should grasp the following points: to make clear the time and priority of signing the contract; The time limit for checking the bill of quantities in the agreed price; The documents constituting the contract and the order of interpretation shall be specified in the special conditions; Pay attention to the formulation of claim clause. The legality and completeness of the draft contract should be analyzed. Confirm whether the employer and the contractor have corresponding qualifications; Whether the project has the conditions for signing and implementing the contract; Whether the bidding process conforms to the legal proceres; Whether the contract meets the requirements of current laws and regulations. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that all kinds of documents constituting the contract are complete, the contract terms are complete, the contract words are accurate, and there is enough predictability for the possible neglect of the project
2. Establish and improve the contract management system of construction projects and make good use of various contract management links, including contract negotiation, drafting, review, signing, release, disclosure, learning, responsibility decomposition, performance tracking, change, termination, termination, etc. the construction unit should standardize its contract management, We should first establish and improve a series of operable contract management systems for each link in the whole process of contract management, so that the contract management has rules to follow
the author believes that the contract disclosure system, responsibility decomposition system, daily work submission system and progress payment review and approval system are the contract management systems that every construction unit should establish. After the contract is signed, the contract management personnel should make contract disclosure to the project management personnel at all levels and the person in charge of each working group, explain and explain the main contents of the contract, and form the contract disclosure system. The responsibility decomposition system refers to that contract management personnel decompose and implement the responsibilities of various contract time to each working group, clarify their work scope and responsibilities, implement the tasks to each person through the decomposition of contract tasks, and coordinate all aspects to actively cooperate and jointly implement the contract. The daily work submission system requires each functional department to submit its work situation and work plan for the next week to the contract management office, which can ensure that the contract management personnel can timely grasp the project information and make correct decisions on various problems. In view of the current situation that the cost accounting personnel are not familiar with the on-site contract situation and can not timely include the cost claim items into the payment requirements of the current month, the establishment of the progress payment review and approval system is concive to the contract management department to review the progress payment from the perspective of the contract. As a contract manager, he should be able to skillfully use the contract management system set up by the construction unit, and implement the system as a powerful weapon to realize the contract management
3. Dynamic management of construction project contract
contract change is more frequent in construction project practice, and contract change often leads to claim disputes. Therefore, after the contract is signed, contract management personnel should also carry out dynamic management of construction project contract, focusing on four aspects< (1) pay attention to on-site visa. When paying in accordance with the terms of the contract, we should prevent premature and excessive visa. In particular, we should be very careful in signing the supplementary agreement on contract change. Visa must be measured according to the relevant terms of the contract, which plays a role of mutual restriction. In particular, attention should be paid to design changes and construction drawing errors. Such visa only needs to sign the changed or modified items. If the original drawing remains unchanged, do not repeat the visa. If the material has been cut and purchased, be sure to clearly sign the name, specification, model, quantity, change date, transportation, arrival, finished proct, recycling or substitution of the material
(2) timely record, collect and sort out various documents involved in the project (such as drawings, plans, technical specifications, specifications, change instructions, etc.), and review and analyze the contract changes. In practice, the contract change should be carried out at the same time as the claim, and the contract change should be carried out after the agreement between the owner and the contractor
(3) timely deal with the loss of work stoppage (including the loss of work stoppage caused by non contractor's responsibility), and both parties shall sign the specific content of work stoppage in written form according to the legal procere at the time agreed in the contract
(4) strictly implement the quota regulations. For the situation that the quota is not specified, compensation should be made according to the actual situation of the project or referring to the same kind of quota and relevant regulations<
4. Seriously carry out the evaluation of the performance of the construction project contract
the content of the construction project contract is rich, which truly reflects the whole process of the whole construction project. Seriously carry out the evaluation of the performance of the construction project contract can summarize and summarize the experience and lessons in the process of reconstruction. After the termination of the contract, the contract management personnel should do a good job in the collection, preservation, sorting, classification, registration, numbering, binding, filing and filing of the construction project contract data, so as to realize the proceral and standardized management of the project contract archives. At the same time, it analyzes and compares the performance of the construction contract with the specific project implementation plan, makes an objective evaluation of the performance of the contract, finds out the differences and interference factors, and analyzes the reasons. Through the evaluation of contract performance of construction project, the experience and lessons of contract performance and management are summarized, which can be used to guide the future contract management and achieve the goal of improving the turnover rate of construction contract negotiation and the modern management level of contract< In a word, contract management is the core of construction project management, and all aspects of project management should be carried out around this core. Contract management of construction project has become an important content of sustainable development and scientific management of China's construction instry. The contract management of construction project can not fall into rigid formalization, it is a dynamic process. In the management, we should pay attention to ways, methods and management skills. Therefore, it is necessary to attach great importance to the contract management of construction projects
it seems that it's difficult for you to print directly. Here's a sample essay, which may be helpful for your paper< Abstract: This paper mainly discusses the construction project contract management, combined with practical experience, summarizes the construction project contract management skills
key words: construction project; Contract management; Management skills; Construction market
(1) contract management of construction project and its significance
construction project contract is an economic contract, which is an agreement between the contracting unit and the contractor in order to achieve the agreed project construction goals and the specific contents related to the project construction goals, and clarify the mutual rights and obligations of both parties. It is the highest code of conct of the parties to a contract in the process of construction project implementation, and it is the legal basis for standardizing the economic activities of both parties, coordinating the working relationship between both parties, and resolving contract disputes. Contract management is to organize, guide, coordinate and supervise the contract relationship by legal and administrative means in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and rules and regulations, so as to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to the contract, deal with contract disputes, prevent and sanction violations, A series of activities to ensure the implementation of contract terms
with the development of China's construction market, the importance of construction project contract management is becoming increasingly apparent< Strengthening contract management is in line with the requirements of socialist market economy. The use of contracts to guide and manage the construction market conforms to the general trend of the government's transformation of functions and the application of laws, regulations and economic means to regulate and manage the market. And the main body of the construction market must also improve the internal management system according to the requirements of the market law, one of the most important is the contract management
2. Contract management is the core of construction project management, and strengthening contract management is the need of effective project management. The implementation of any construction project is based on the signing of a series of contract. Ignoring the contract management means that the project quality, progress and cost cannot be effectively controlled, let alone the comprehensive management of human resources, work communication and project risk. Only by grasping the core of contract management, can the operation state of the whole construction project be regulated as a whole, and the construction goal be achieved
3. Strengthening the contract management is also the need to standardize the behavior of each construction subject. The construction project contract defines the basic rights and obligations of all parties of the construction subject. It is the legal basis for all parties of the construction subject to fulfill their obligations and enjoy their rights. At the same time, it is also the legal basis for correctly handling all kinds of disputes and disputes in the process of construction project implementation. Throughout the current economic activities and transactions in China's construction market, the credit crisis and unfair competition are mostly related to the weak legal concept of the construction subject and the weak contract management consciousness. To strengthen the contract management and urge the parties of the construction subject to fulfill their obligations in accordance with the contract and deal with the disputes and disputes can play a positive role in standardizing the behavior of the construction subject and promoting the rectification of China's construction market< 4. To strengthen the contract management is the need of our country to meet the international competition. So far, China's construction market has been fully open. Facing the impact and challenge from foreign construction enterprises, we must adapt to the international market rules and follow international practices. Only by strengthening contract management, can construction enterprises compete with foreign construction enterprises and win their own survival and development space< (2) construction project contract management
the scope of construction project contract management is wide, involving management from construction administrative departments, instrial and commercial administrative departments, construction units, supervision units and contractors. Combined with many years of project contract management practice, the author thinks that the project contract management must grasp the following aspects:
1. Pay attention to the formulation and analysis of construction project contract text
in the form of contract text, the contract demonstration text should be used as far as possible. In practice, there are many cases of economic disputes caused by the use of different forms of contract. Therefore, we should try our best to use the contract sample of construction and equipment installation of various public buildings, civil residences, instrial plants, traffic facilities and line management - "construction project construction contract (model text)". Except for special circumstances, do not use the contract text format prepared by both parties. This can effectively prevent the absence, omission and inequality of the proposed contract. At the same time, it is also helpful for the administrative organs to supervise the implementation of the contract, help the arbitration institutions or the people's court to judge the disputes in time, and safeguard the legitimate interests of both parties
in addition, when drawing up the content of the contract text, the contract management personnel must conct in-depth research on the current situation of the project, so as to make the drawing up of the contract predictable, and carry out detailed analysis on the contract, so as to avoid the ambiguity of the proposed terms. To draw up the contract text, we should grasp the following points: to make clear the time and priority of signing the contract; The time limit for checking the bill of quantities in the agreed price; The documents constituting the contract and the order of interpretation shall be specified in the special conditions; Pay attention to the formulation of claim clause. The legality and completeness of the draft contract should be analyzed. Confirm whether the employer and the contractor have corresponding qualifications; Whether the project has the conditions for signing and implementing the contract; Whether the bidding process conforms to the legal proceres; Whether the contract meets the requirements of current laws and regulations. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that all kinds of documents constituting the contract are complete, the contract terms are complete, the contract words are accurate, and there is enough predictability for the possible neglect of the project
2. Establish and improve the contract management system of construction projects and make good use of various contract management links, including contract negotiation, drafting, review, signing, release, disclosure, learning, responsibility decomposition, performance tracking, change, termination, termination, etc. the construction unit should standardize its contract management, We should first establish and improve a series of operable contract management systems for each link in the whole process of contract management, so that the contract management has rules to follow
the author believes that the contract disclosure system, responsibility decomposition system, daily work submission system and progress payment review and approval system are the contract management systems that every construction unit should establish. After the contract is signed, the contract management personnel should make contract disclosure to the project management personnel at all levels and the person in charge of each working group, explain and explain the main contents of the contract, and form the contract disclosure system. The responsibility decomposition system refers to that contract management personnel decompose and implement the responsibilities of various contract time to each working group, clarify their work scope and responsibilities, implement the tasks to each person through the decomposition of contract tasks, and coordinate all aspects to actively cooperate and jointly implement the contract. The daily work submission system requires each functional department to submit its work situation and work plan for the next week to the contract management office, which can ensure that the contract management personnel can timely grasp the project information and make correct decisions on various problems. In view of the current situation that the cost accounting personnel are not familiar with the on-site contract situation and can not timely include the cost claim items into the payment requirements of the current month, the establishment of the progress payment review and approval system is concive to the contract management department to review the progress payment from the perspective of the contract. As a contract manager, he should be able to skillfully use the contract management system set up by the construction unit, and implement the system as a powerful weapon to realize the contract management
3. Dynamic management of construction project contract
contract change is more frequent in construction project practice, and contract change often leads to claim disputes. Therefore, after the contract is signed, contract management personnel should also carry out dynamic management of construction project contract, focusing on four aspects< (1) pay attention to on-site visa. When paying in accordance with the terms of the contract, we should prevent premature and excessive visa. In particular, we should be very careful in signing the supplementary agreement on contract change. Visa must be measured according to the relevant terms of the contract, which plays a role of mutual restriction. In particular, attention should be paid to design changes and construction drawing errors. Such visa only needs to sign the changed or modified items. If the original drawing remains unchanged, do not repeat the visa. If the material has been cut and purchased, be sure to clearly sign the name, specification, model, quantity, change date, transportation, arrival, finished proct, recycling or substitution of the material
(2) timely record, collect and sort out various documents involved in the project (such as drawings, plans, technical specifications, specifications, change instructions, etc.), and review and analyze the contract changes. In practice, the contract change should be carried out at the same time as the claim, and the contract change should be carried out after the agreement between the owner and the contractor
(3) timely deal with the loss of work stoppage (including the loss of work stoppage caused by non contractor's responsibility), and both parties shall sign the specific content of work stoppage in written form according to the legal procere at the time agreed in the contract
(4) strictly implement the quota regulations. For the situation that the quota is not specified, compensation should be made according to the actual situation of the project or referring to the same kind of quota and relevant regulations<
4. Seriously carry out the evaluation of the performance of the construction project contract
the content of the construction project contract is rich, which truly reflects the whole process of the whole construction project. Seriously carry out the evaluation of the performance of the construction project contract can summarize and summarize the experience and lessons in the process of reconstruction. After the termination of the contract, the contract management personnel should do a good job in the collection, preservation, sorting, classification, registration, numbering, binding, filing and filing of the construction project contract data, so as to realize the proceral and standardized management of the project contract archives. At the same time, it analyzes and compares the performance of the construction contract with the specific project implementation plan, makes an objective evaluation of the performance of the contract, finds out the differences and interference factors, and analyzes the reasons. Through the evaluation of contract performance of construction project, the experience and lessons of contract performance and management are summarized, which can be used to guide the future contract management and achieve the goal of improving the turnover rate of construction contract negotiation and the modern management level of contract< In a word, contract management is the core of construction project management, and all aspects of project management should be carried out around this core. Contract management of construction project has become an important content of sustainable development and scientific management of China's construction instry. The contract management of construction project can not fall into rigid formalization, it is a dynamic process. In the management, we should pay attention to ways, methods and management skills. Therefore, it is necessary to attach great importance to the contract management of construction projects
7. Unknown_Error
8. 1. Research on the application of project management in scientific research project management
2. Research on comprehensive evaluation of project management effect
3. Research on scientific research project management of wcri
4. Research on enterprise project management mode based on informatization
5. Research on the application of financial control in project management
6. Research on project management mode of Beijing Xinglong Real Estate Co., Ltd.
7. Research on project management in the long term Application Research on ERP project of chunchangke Bombardier company
8. Application of project management in the implementation of laboratory information management system
9. Analysis, research and application of power generation equipment manufacturing project management
10. Problem analysis and Countermeasures Research in current government investment project management
2. Research on comprehensive evaluation of project management effect
3. Research on scientific research project management of wcri
4. Research on enterprise project management mode based on informatization
5. Research on the application of financial control in project management
6. Research on project management mode of Beijing Xinglong Real Estate Co., Ltd.
7. Research on project management in the long term Application Research on ERP project of chunchangke Bombardier company
8. Application of project management in the implementation of laboratory information management system
9. Analysis, research and application of power generation equipment manufacturing project management
10. Problem analysis and Countermeasures Research in current government investment project management
9. As the main form of project contracting, bidding system has been widely implemented in international and domestic project construction. It is a competitive procurement method and an important adjustment means of market economy. It not only selects good suppliers and contractors for the owners, but also optimizes the allocation of resources and forms a market mechanism of survival of the fittest. Its essential feature is "open and competitive" "Fair, just" and "full competition". Practice has proved that the bidding system is a relatively mature and scientific way of project contracting, and it is also the best way to ensure project quality and speed up project progress. However, e to the imperfect mechanism and legal system, there are still many problems that can not be ignored< First, the problems existing in the current bidding work. Second, the phenomenon of accompanying bidding: because the current capital construction management system has not completely shifted from the "plan" to the "project" as the center, some departments abuse their rights and assign the construction project to some construction units to win the bid, while others are just the foil; Or the bidders collude with each other to increase or lower the bid price, so as to obtain the qualification of winning the bid, which makes the bidding become a mere form of empty shell, unable to be open, fair and just.
2. Subcontracting problem of contractors: the existence of "subcontracting" phenomenon is a root cause of the existence of "bean curd dregs project". After winning the bid, some enterprises directly subcontract or illegally subcontract to other units, collect management fees from them, and take charge of them by subcontracting, but they are not engaged in management or responsible for project quality and safety. This phenomenon of subcontracting makes some enterprises with insufficient qualification and no construction experience enter the construction site, laying hidden dangers for quality and safety problems< 3. The evaluation method is not scientific enough, and the level of experts needs to be improved: at present, we have not established a set of scientific evaluation method, so that some units only focus on the level of quotation, and the whole evaluation method focuses on qualitative evaluation rather than quantitative evaluation. The evaluation level and professional quality of experts need to be improved
4. The behavior of bidding agency needs to be further standardized: because the supervision mode of project bidding activities has been changed from approval management to process supervision, registration and filing according to law, and investigation and punishment of illegal and disciplinary behaviors, the operation of bidding project is completed by bidding agency. Due to the late start of the bidding agency business in China, the imperfect development of the bidding agency market and some related supporting systems, some agencies lack self-discipline in their actual work and go into the wrong area. They use their special identity to help owners choose the preferred bid winner. Secondly, there is not a good operational and quantitative evaluation standard for the agency's work results
5. The law enforcement and supervision on the illegal and disciplinary phenomena in the bidding process is not strong< (1) implement the lifelong responsibility system of the person in charge of bidding to solve the problem of bid stringing and accompanying.
as the representative of the bidding party, most of them are leaders of the construction units, the money used for investment is national, and the quality of construction projects is good or bad, The amount of the project price has nothing to do with their own vital interests. So as to give some construction enterprises an opportunity. Due to various benefits, it is impossible for the person in charge of bidding to have sufficient understanding of the quality and cost of the project, so that the construction party can invite some peers to bid for the projects that have actually been "determined", which is also the "Crux" of the phenomenon of "accompanying bidding". In my opinion, to put an end to such problems, the person in charge of bidding should be responsible for the quality of the project for life. If there are problems in the quality of the project, they can be punished. In this way, we can prevent some factors of administrative intervention and avoid the phenomenon of "accompanying bid" in bidding. From the source to eliminate the formation of Engineering corruption, rece similar Hongqiao "bean curd resie" project< (2) adjust the way of supervision and give full play to the macro management function of the bidding management organization< Article 7 of the law of the people's Republic of China on Tendering and bidding stipulates that "the parties involved in tendering and bidding activities shall accept the supervision implemented according to law". One of the main tasks of the supervision and management of bidding activities is to protect fair competition and strengthen the supervision and management of bidding activities. At the same time, illegal activities including unfair competition in bidding activities shall be investigated and dealt with according to law
1. Strengthen the filing system of bidding, implement the written report system of bidding, the publicity system of bidding results, and the approval system of inviting bidding
2. Establish and improve the enterprise credit management system, comprehensively establish the credit files of market subjects in the bidding supervision link, record the performance and bad behavior of market subjects, and publish them to the public. The bidding office and the construction instry management section of the Construction Bureau jointly issued a special document to incorporate the credit status of enterprises into the project bidding management. The bad behavior of the market subject is directly connected with the bid evaluation, so that those who violate the credit can not get a foothold; At the same time, through the establishment of complaints and reports to investigate and deal with illegal acts in bidding, to achieve the purpose of supervision
through the construction project application, the qualification examination of the construction unit, and the supervision of the bid opening and evaluation process, we can give full play to the macro functions of the bidding management organization, standardize the project bidding activities, and truly ensure the benefits of project construction< (3) improve the effect of supervision and eliminate the problem of "subcontracting"
in view of the "subcontracting" phenomenon in the current construction market, the supervision engineer should give full play to the supervision function. From the two aspects of quality and quantity to analyze, determine whether the successful bidder has subcontracting phenomenon< (4) adopt new bid evaluation methods to rece collusion
according to the different types of projects, Lin'an bidding office sets different weights for technical bid and commercial bid. For municipal infrastructure without special requirements for technology and performance, the method of winning the bid by drawing lots on site is implemented: the bidder does not need to make the technical and commercial bid, but only needs to fill in the quotation rate on site within the preferential range determined by the bid evaluation expert committee. The method of bid evaluation is also decided by the bidding representatives at the time of bid opening. The implementation of this method has played a certain role in curbing collusion< (5) strengthen the cultivation and development of the bidding agency
1. Take advantage of various business training opportunities to strengthen the legal ecation and professional ethics ecation for the staff of the bidding agency< 2. It is necessary to strengthen the restriction on the bidding agency and promote its standardized practice. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the bidding procere and process in accordance with the law, strictly grasp the important terms of the bidding documents, prevent the establishment of the bid inviting party from deviating from the principle of "three public", promptly investigate and deal with all kinds of illegal acts, and ensure that the bidding work is carried out in accordance with the law. The bidding Office of Lin'an City has asked the agency to put the project into the assessment scope of the bidding agency's professional level after the owner signs the agency level
3. Give full play to the supervision function of the Supervision Bureau, further standardize and restrict the behavior of the owners, rece the interference to the bidding agency, standardize the behavior of the state-owned investment and state-owned investment dominated project owners, and promote the orderly competition and development of the bidding agency instry< (6) further improve the tangible construction market, promote fair competition, break the regional and instrial protection
further improve the construction market, the core of which is to separate the trading center from the government functional departments, and clarify the service responsibility of the construction market. Strengthen the standardization of entry trading. All construction projects are included in the tangible construction market transactions. It can also promote fair competition, break the phenomenon of regional and instrial protection, and rece the phenomenon of collusion. Construction units can find good construction units in the trading center, construction enterprises increase the chance of winning the bid with strength, and foreign enterprises are no longer troubled by local protection. The improvement of the tangible market will further break the monopoly of the instry and local barriers, and realize the real principles of fairness, justice and openness. In 2004, there were 105 public bidding projects in Lin'an City, 38 of which were won by foreign enterprises< (7) strengthen the system of administrative responsibility investigation, strengthen the cooperation of departments, and increase the punishment for violations of laws and regulations
for the illegal behaviors found out, we must investigate the illegal behaviors and enforce the law strictly. The people's Government of Lin'an City has issued a special document to deal with the bids with collusion and affiliation as abandoned bids. According to the situation, the bidders can stop their trading activities in the construction market of Lin'an City for one to two years< Conclusion a healthy bidding system should be based on the principles of "openness, impartiality, fairness" and good faith to establish a unified, open, competitive and orderly construction market. In view of the problems existing in the current bidding process, measures such as perfecting laws and regulations, clarifying responsibilities, perfecting institutions and strengthening process supervision can be taken to better regulate the construction market order, curb corruption from the source, purify the construction market, promote the construction market order to graally move towards the track of standardization and legalization, and constantly improve the quality and level of project bidding
resources: more details: http://www.xue360.com
2. Subcontracting problem of contractors: the existence of "subcontracting" phenomenon is a root cause of the existence of "bean curd dregs project". After winning the bid, some enterprises directly subcontract or illegally subcontract to other units, collect management fees from them, and take charge of them by subcontracting, but they are not engaged in management or responsible for project quality and safety. This phenomenon of subcontracting makes some enterprises with insufficient qualification and no construction experience enter the construction site, laying hidden dangers for quality and safety problems< 3. The evaluation method is not scientific enough, and the level of experts needs to be improved: at present, we have not established a set of scientific evaluation method, so that some units only focus on the level of quotation, and the whole evaluation method focuses on qualitative evaluation rather than quantitative evaluation. The evaluation level and professional quality of experts need to be improved
4. The behavior of bidding agency needs to be further standardized: because the supervision mode of project bidding activities has been changed from approval management to process supervision, registration and filing according to law, and investigation and punishment of illegal and disciplinary behaviors, the operation of bidding project is completed by bidding agency. Due to the late start of the bidding agency business in China, the imperfect development of the bidding agency market and some related supporting systems, some agencies lack self-discipline in their actual work and go into the wrong area. They use their special identity to help owners choose the preferred bid winner. Secondly, there is not a good operational and quantitative evaluation standard for the agency's work results
5. The law enforcement and supervision on the illegal and disciplinary phenomena in the bidding process is not strong< (1) implement the lifelong responsibility system of the person in charge of bidding to solve the problem of bid stringing and accompanying.
as the representative of the bidding party, most of them are leaders of the construction units, the money used for investment is national, and the quality of construction projects is good or bad, The amount of the project price has nothing to do with their own vital interests. So as to give some construction enterprises an opportunity. Due to various benefits, it is impossible for the person in charge of bidding to have sufficient understanding of the quality and cost of the project, so that the construction party can invite some peers to bid for the projects that have actually been "determined", which is also the "Crux" of the phenomenon of "accompanying bidding". In my opinion, to put an end to such problems, the person in charge of bidding should be responsible for the quality of the project for life. If there are problems in the quality of the project, they can be punished. In this way, we can prevent some factors of administrative intervention and avoid the phenomenon of "accompanying bid" in bidding. From the source to eliminate the formation of Engineering corruption, rece similar Hongqiao "bean curd resie" project< (2) adjust the way of supervision and give full play to the macro management function of the bidding management organization< Article 7 of the law of the people's Republic of China on Tendering and bidding stipulates that "the parties involved in tendering and bidding activities shall accept the supervision implemented according to law". One of the main tasks of the supervision and management of bidding activities is to protect fair competition and strengthen the supervision and management of bidding activities. At the same time, illegal activities including unfair competition in bidding activities shall be investigated and dealt with according to law
1. Strengthen the filing system of bidding, implement the written report system of bidding, the publicity system of bidding results, and the approval system of inviting bidding
2. Establish and improve the enterprise credit management system, comprehensively establish the credit files of market subjects in the bidding supervision link, record the performance and bad behavior of market subjects, and publish them to the public. The bidding office and the construction instry management section of the Construction Bureau jointly issued a special document to incorporate the credit status of enterprises into the project bidding management. The bad behavior of the market subject is directly connected with the bid evaluation, so that those who violate the credit can not get a foothold; At the same time, through the establishment of complaints and reports to investigate and deal with illegal acts in bidding, to achieve the purpose of supervision
through the construction project application, the qualification examination of the construction unit, and the supervision of the bid opening and evaluation process, we can give full play to the macro functions of the bidding management organization, standardize the project bidding activities, and truly ensure the benefits of project construction< (3) improve the effect of supervision and eliminate the problem of "subcontracting"
in view of the "subcontracting" phenomenon in the current construction market, the supervision engineer should give full play to the supervision function. From the two aspects of quality and quantity to analyze, determine whether the successful bidder has subcontracting phenomenon< (4) adopt new bid evaluation methods to rece collusion
according to the different types of projects, Lin'an bidding office sets different weights for technical bid and commercial bid. For municipal infrastructure without special requirements for technology and performance, the method of winning the bid by drawing lots on site is implemented: the bidder does not need to make the technical and commercial bid, but only needs to fill in the quotation rate on site within the preferential range determined by the bid evaluation expert committee. The method of bid evaluation is also decided by the bidding representatives at the time of bid opening. The implementation of this method has played a certain role in curbing collusion< (5) strengthen the cultivation and development of the bidding agency
1. Take advantage of various business training opportunities to strengthen the legal ecation and professional ethics ecation for the staff of the bidding agency< 2. It is necessary to strengthen the restriction on the bidding agency and promote its standardized practice. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the bidding procere and process in accordance with the law, strictly grasp the important terms of the bidding documents, prevent the establishment of the bid inviting party from deviating from the principle of "three public", promptly investigate and deal with all kinds of illegal acts, and ensure that the bidding work is carried out in accordance with the law. The bidding Office of Lin'an City has asked the agency to put the project into the assessment scope of the bidding agency's professional level after the owner signs the agency level
3. Give full play to the supervision function of the Supervision Bureau, further standardize and restrict the behavior of the owners, rece the interference to the bidding agency, standardize the behavior of the state-owned investment and state-owned investment dominated project owners, and promote the orderly competition and development of the bidding agency instry< (6) further improve the tangible construction market, promote fair competition, break the regional and instrial protection
further improve the construction market, the core of which is to separate the trading center from the government functional departments, and clarify the service responsibility of the construction market. Strengthen the standardization of entry trading. All construction projects are included in the tangible construction market transactions. It can also promote fair competition, break the phenomenon of regional and instrial protection, and rece the phenomenon of collusion. Construction units can find good construction units in the trading center, construction enterprises increase the chance of winning the bid with strength, and foreign enterprises are no longer troubled by local protection. The improvement of the tangible market will further break the monopoly of the instry and local barriers, and realize the real principles of fairness, justice and openness. In 2004, there were 105 public bidding projects in Lin'an City, 38 of which were won by foreign enterprises< (7) strengthen the system of administrative responsibility investigation, strengthen the cooperation of departments, and increase the punishment for violations of laws and regulations
for the illegal behaviors found out, we must investigate the illegal behaviors and enforce the law strictly. The people's Government of Lin'an City has issued a special document to deal with the bids with collusion and affiliation as abandoned bids. According to the situation, the bidders can stop their trading activities in the construction market of Lin'an City for one to two years< Conclusion a healthy bidding system should be based on the principles of "openness, impartiality, fairness" and good faith to establish a unified, open, competitive and orderly construction market. In view of the problems existing in the current bidding process, measures such as perfecting laws and regulations, clarifying responsibilities, perfecting institutions and strengthening process supervision can be taken to better regulate the construction market order, curb corruption from the source, purify the construction market, promote the construction market order to graally move towards the track of standardization and legalization, and constantly improve the quality and level of project bidding
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10.
Shipping is the stock market term, shipping refers to the high price, quietly sell, known as shipping. It's not terrible for some stocks to fall for no reason. What's terrible is the enlargement of trading volume. In particular, there should be no huge turnover for the varieties with more shares held by the makers. If there is any, nine times out of ten it will be the main shipment
is opposite to sucking. For those who hold down the market and suck up the goods, the big sales list is usually at the top and the fifth level, because they are not really selling; And the real sales are generally in the second to third gear. Suction goods generally fast small amount of pressure, and then the horizontal plate does not rise; Shipment is just the opposite, a small amount of sharp pull across the board, which is often accompanied by a large number of pressure, small pick-up. Generally speaking, the quantity of goods will not be increased; Shipment is generally large
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extended information:
Common Shipping techniques
1. Stock review shipping techniques
2. Stop shipping techniques, drop limit trading, extreme shipping techniques that institutions have no choice but to use, desperate shipping, the future trend will basically be very tragic
3. Dome shipping graphics
4. Fake breakthrough shipping
5. Small double head shipping graphics
6. Large double head shipping graphics
7. Single head shipping graphics (for example: G COSCO, Shixian paper) typical single head shipping techniques, it seems that the main stock is like single head shipping
8. Head shoulder top shipping graphics
9. Large volume shipping graphics
10 "broken end smashing knife" shipping graphics
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