How can Guangzhou special certificate making center get to Zhuji
then, what impact will inflation have:
first, the cost of leather shoes
that is, people need to quickly and frequently convert the money they have obtained into physical objects or other relatively strong currencies. Therefore, people may need to frequently travel between the bank and the market, and they will grind up the leather shoes, which is commonly called the cost of leather shoes. Of course, it actually refers to the cost (material consumption, time cost, etc.) caused by the exchange and purchase behavior
Second: menu cost
because the change of price will make the enterprise change its price continuously, and this kind of price change will cause the cost of changing the menu, price label, price announcement and transmitting this kind of price change in the commercial field
thirdly, improper allocation of resources is caused by incorrect display of prices.
the price of an enterprise is usually set at the beginning of operation. Due to the cost of menu, the price may not be adjusted in time, which will lead to the illusion of relative prices of different procts, resulting in improper allocation of proction resources. For example, the original relative price of a pencil and a bowl of noodles is 1:6, Now that we have made face-to-face adjustments, but those who sell pencils have not, we will increase the sales face and decrease the sales of pencils. However, the imbalance of this proportion is not e to the relationship between supply and demand, but only the market inefficiency caused by the change of currency
Fourth: distorting tax
take personal income tax as an example, a person with an original monthly income of 10000 needs to pay 20% tax (simplified period, 20% tax rate at 10000 yuan), that is, 2000 yuan, and the indivial gets 8000 yuan; Now, because of inflation (double the price), the personal wage rises to 20000 yuan (30% of the tax rate), 6000 yuan of tax is required, and 14000 yuan of tax is paid to the indivial
fifthly: confusion and inconvenience
because of inflation, when making financial calculation and settlement, it is necessary to constantly adjust its costs and benefits according to time, so that people can not accurately judge the advantages and disadvantages of enterprise operation< Sixth, it causes the redistribution of finance
seventh: inflation tax
inflation proces a kind of inflation tax, that is, the government solves government expenditure by issuing excess currency, which makes the taxpayer's currency depreciate and his wealth shrink
finally, it should be noted that the above only explains the impact of inflation, but so does deflation. In addition, deflation will slow down the economic development. For example, deflation will increase the money demand, which will lead to the rise of interest rate, increase the borrowing cost of investment, rece the scale of proction, and increase the price e to the influence of supply and demand, which will lead to the decline of people's living standard
in short, inflation and deflation make the allocation of resources inefficient. If inflation is not good, deflation will be worse.
1. Accelerating economic recession the economic recession caused by deflation is manifested in three aspects: first, the continuous and general decline of prices makes the proct prices of enterprises fall, and the profits of enterprises decrease or even lose, which will seriously hit the enthusiasm of procers and make them rece proction or even stop proction, resulting in the inhibition of social economic growth. Second, the continuous and general decline of prices will increase the real interest rate, which will benefit creditors and damage the interests of debtors. Most of the debtors in the society are procers and investors, and the increase of debt burden will undoubtedly affect their proction and investment activities, which will have a negative impact on economic growth. Third, the decrease of enterprise profits and the decrease of proction enthusiasm caused by the fall of prices will increase the unemployment rate, lower the real employment rate than the full employment rate, and lower the real economic growth than the natural growth
When deflation occurs, the total price level of the whole society will decline, so will the proct price of enterprises, and the profits of enterprises. The decline of enterprise profitability makes the market price of enterprise assets decrease accordingly. Moreover, the decline of proct price makes it difficult for a single enterprise to sell its procts. In order to maintain proction turnover, enterprises have to increase liabilities. The increase of debt ratio further reces the price of enterprise assets. The decline of enterprise asset price means the decline of enterprise net value and wealth. Under the condition of deflation, the relative surplus of supply will inevitably make many workers unemployed. At this time, the oversupply of labor market will rece workers' wages and personal wealth. Even if the wages do not decrease, the increase in the number of unemployed people will also rece the overall income of social residents, resulting in the shrinkage of indivial wealth The distribution effect of deflation can be divided into two aspects: the distribution of social wealth between debtors and creditors, and the distribution of social wealth between government, enterprises and residents. Generally speaking, the debtors in the economy are enterprises, while the creditors are residents. Therefore, the distribution of social wealth between debtors and creditors is also the distribution between residents and enterprises On the contrary to inflation, deflation benefits creditors and harms debtors. Deflation makes money more and more expensive. This actually increases the debt burden of borrowers and makes them unable to repay their loans, resulting in the formation of a large number of non-performing assets in banks, and even the collapse of banks and the collapse of the financial system. Therefore, many economists point out that "currency appreciation is the common cause of all economic problems in a country"