Which type of enterprise is suitable for decentralization
Publish: 2021-05-20 05:40:12
1. From the perspective of Internet development, decentralization is the form of social relationship and content generation formed in the process of Internet development, and is a new network content proction process relative to "centralization"
compared with the early Internet (WEB 1.0) era, today's Internet (Web 2.0) content is no longer proced by professional websites or specific groups of people, but is the result of the joint participation and equal power of all Internet users. Anyone can express their views or create original content on the Internet to proce information together
with the diversification of network service forms, the decentralized network model becomes more and more clear and possible. After the rise of Web2.0, the services provided by Wikipedia, Flickr, blogger and other network service providers are decentralized. Any participant can submit content, and Internet users can create or contribute content together
since then, with the emergence of more simple and easy-to-use decentralized network services, the characteristics of Web2.0 have become more and more obvious. For example, the birth of services more suitable for ordinary Internet users, such as twitter and Facebook, has made it easier and more diversified to proce or contribute content to the Internet, thus enhancing the enthusiasm of Internet users to participate in the contribution and recing the threshold of procing content. Eventually, every netizen becomes a tiny and independent information provider, making the Internet more flat and content proction more diversified
from the perspective of astronomy, decentralization refers to the fact that the universe has no center, that is, a boundless mass without a central point.
compared with the early Internet (WEB 1.0) era, today's Internet (Web 2.0) content is no longer proced by professional websites or specific groups of people, but is the result of the joint participation and equal power of all Internet users. Anyone can express their views or create original content on the Internet to proce information together
with the diversification of network service forms, the decentralized network model becomes more and more clear and possible. After the rise of Web2.0, the services provided by Wikipedia, Flickr, blogger and other network service providers are decentralized. Any participant can submit content, and Internet users can create or contribute content together
since then, with the emergence of more simple and easy-to-use decentralized network services, the characteristics of Web2.0 have become more and more obvious. For example, the birth of services more suitable for ordinary Internet users, such as twitter and Facebook, has made it easier and more diversified to proce or contribute content to the Internet, thus enhancing the enthusiasm of Internet users to participate in the contribution and recing the threshold of procing content. Eventually, every netizen becomes a tiny and independent information provider, making the Internet more flat and content proction more diversified
from the perspective of astronomy, decentralization refers to the fact that the universe has no center, that is, a boundless mass without a central point.
2. Decentralization is a phenomenon or structure, which can only appear in a system with many users or nodes, and each user can connect and influence other nodes. Generally speaking, everyone is the center, and everyone can connect and influence other nodes. This flat, open-source and equal phenomenon or structure is called "decentralization"< Br > at the same time, "decentralization" is one of the typical features of blockchain, which uses distributed storage and computing power. The rights and obligations of the whole network nodes are the same, and the data in the system is jointly maintained by the whole network nodes, so that the blockchain no longer relies on the central processing node to realize the distributed storage, recording and updating of data. Each blockchain follows a unified rule, which is based on a cryptographic algorithm rather than a credit certificate, and the data update process needs to be approved by the user, so that the blockchain does not need the endorsement of intermediaries and trust institutions< The characteristics of br> de centralization:
centralization is first reflected in diversification. In the Internet world, there are no more than several portals has the final say. Various websites have begun to voice their own voice, express different choices and different hobbies, and these websites are distributed in every corner of the Internet world. Br > decentralisation is followed by the centralization of people, and decentralisation of content has become a trend, and people have become the key force to determine the survival of websites. It's a great change to build a website with indivials who lack interaction to gather talents and contribute their wisdom in the form of a circle. That is user-oriented, humanized< < br > decentralized content: < br > decentralization is the form of social relationship and content generation formed in the development of the Internet, which is a new network content proction process relative to "centralization"< Br > compared with the early Internet (Web1.0) era, today's Web (Web2.0) content is no longer proced by professional websites or specific groups of people, but is created by all Internet users with equal rights. Anyone can express their views or create original content on the Internet to proce information together< Br > with the diversification of network service forms, the decentralized network model is becoming clearer and more possible. After the rise of Web2.0, the services provided by Wikipedia, Flickr, blogger and other network service providers are decentralized. Any participant can submit content, and Internet users can create or contribute content together< After that, with the emergence of more simple and easy-to-use decentralized network services, the characteristics of Web2.0 became more and more obvious. For example, the birth of services more suitable for ordinary Internet users, such as twitter and Facebook, made it easier and more diversified to proce or contribute content to the Internet, thus enhancing the enthusiasm of Internet users to participate in the contribution and recing the threshold of procing content. Eventually, every netizen becomes a tiny and independent information provider, making the Internet more flat and content proction more diversified.
centralization is first reflected in diversification. In the Internet world, there are no more than several portals has the final say. Various websites have begun to voice their own voice, express different choices and different hobbies, and these websites are distributed in every corner of the Internet world. Br > decentralisation is followed by the centralization of people, and decentralisation of content has become a trend, and people have become the key force to determine the survival of websites. It's a great change to build a website with indivials who lack interaction to gather talents and contribute their wisdom in the form of a circle. That is user-oriented, humanized< < br > decentralized content: < br > decentralization is the form of social relationship and content generation formed in the development of the Internet, which is a new network content proction process relative to "centralization"< Br > compared with the early Internet (Web1.0) era, today's Web (Web2.0) content is no longer proced by professional websites or specific groups of people, but is created by all Internet users with equal rights. Anyone can express their views or create original content on the Internet to proce information together< Br > with the diversification of network service forms, the decentralized network model is becoming clearer and more possible. After the rise of Web2.0, the services provided by Wikipedia, Flickr, blogger and other network service providers are decentralized. Any participant can submit content, and Internet users can create or contribute content together< After that, with the emergence of more simple and easy-to-use decentralized network services, the characteristics of Web2.0 became more and more obvious. For example, the birth of services more suitable for ordinary Internet users, such as twitter and Facebook, made it easier and more diversified to proce or contribute content to the Internet, thus enhancing the enthusiasm of Internet users to participate in the contribution and recing the threshold of procing content. Eventually, every netizen becomes a tiny and independent information provider, making the Internet more flat and content proction more diversified.
3. It can be transferred by the will of the people around, not by the central opinion. Constantly make changes to achieve longer-term goals.
4. Decentralization of enterprise management is a phenomenon or structure, which can only appear in the system with many users or nodes. Each user can connect and influence other nodes. Generally speaking, everyone is the center, and everyone can connect and influence other nodes. This flat, open-source and equal phenomenon or structure is called "decentralization"
decentralized enterprise management mode: no management level or department is set, but the project is the goal. When there is a new project, everyone can apply to be the project leader and form a project team; In the process of the project, everyone fully plays their own role to ensure the smooth and best results of the project. After the completion of the project, team members will be rewarded according to the effect of the project
advantages of Decentralization: each node or member has strong initiative, real data and high trust
disadvantages of Decentralization: high requirements for members' ability and attitude, and the need for supporting management mechanism.
decentralized enterprise management mode: no management level or department is set, but the project is the goal. When there is a new project, everyone can apply to be the project leader and form a project team; In the process of the project, everyone fully plays their own role to ensure the smooth and best results of the project. After the completion of the project, team members will be rewarded according to the effect of the project
advantages of Decentralization: each node or member has strong initiative, real data and high trust
disadvantages of Decentralization: high requirements for members' ability and attitude, and the need for supporting management mechanism.
5. From the perspective of shareholder structure, there are many types of listed companies: first, hero type, which has absolute control and indisputable boss in equity and management, mostly entrepreneurs or family type. Generally speaking, there are many companies in a resource intensive instry, such as real estate, science and technology, new instries; The second is the decentralized type, where there is no major shareholder, and the largest shareholder is only about 10%. The efficiency may be high or low. Generally speaking, the instries with large scale and strong power, at least within the instry, such as finance, securities, insurance, etc; The third type is the parent company type, in which the controlling shareholder is the parent company and part of the assets are divested and listed in the current year. Most state-owned enterprises are of this type, except those listed as a whole; The fourth type is large shareholder type, which has large shareholders but non controlling shareholders, accounting for 20-30%. Generally, there will be at least two; From the company's development stage, entrepreneurial stage or early development stage, hero type and parent company type have the highest efficiency, and resource allocation should also be the most effective. In the stage of rapid development, the type of large shareholders is more appropriate. In the stage of large scale, diversification and more involvement in the capital market, decentralized companies are easy to avoid mistakes, but the efficiency is low. However, the competitors of such enterprises are also like this, so it has no impact. So PE tends to choose people, and in the secondary market, I agree with Mr. Buffett's view that "a fool can run an enterprise", and Mr. Munger also thinks so. I hate the type of parent company. Because of historical reasons, there are many such listed companies in China. Related party transactions and cheating seem to be inseparable from them. In this way, growth investment is more suitable to be found in the first and the fourth, catastrophic investment is more suitable to be found in the second and the fourth, and the third type is better not to be touched.
6. Because of the limited capital strength, small and medium-sized enterprises are not suitable for the total cost leadership strategy, but for Michael Porter's differentiation strategy and specialization strategy
differentiation strategy
differentiation strategy is to differentiate procts or services provided by companies, and establish some unique things in the whole instry. There are many ways to realize differentiation strategy: design famous brand image, technical uniqueness, performance characteristics, customer service, business network and other aspects of uniqueness. The most ideal situation is that the company has its differentiation characteristics in several aspects. For example, caterpillar is not only famous for its business network and excellent parts supply service, but also enjoys a high reputation for its high quality and rable proct quality
if the differentiation strategy is successfully implemented, it will become a positive strategy to win high-level profits in an instry, because it establishes a defensive position against five competitive forces, although its form of defense is different from that of cost leadership. Porter believes that the implementation of differentiation strategy sometimes conflicts with the activities of striving for a larger market share. The implementation of differentiation strategy often requires the company to be prepared for the exclusivity of this strategy. This strategy and increasing market share can not be taken into account. There is always a high cost in the process of establishing a company's differentiation strategy. Sometimes, even if customers in the whole instry understand the unique advantages of the company, not all customers will be willing or able to pay the high price required by the company
specialization strategy
specialization strategy is to focus on a special customer group, a segment of a proct line or a regional market. Just like differentiation strategy, specialization strategy can take many forms. Although the low-cost and differentiation strategy is to achieve its goal in the whole instry, the whole specialization strategy is built around the center of serving a special goal. Every functional policy it develops and implements should consider this central idea. This strategy relies on the premise that the specialization of the company's business can serve a narrow strategic target with high efficiency and better effect, so as to surpass the competitors in a wider range. Porter thinks that the result of this is that the company either realizes differentiation by meeting the needs of special objects, or realizes low cost when serving this object, or both. Such a company can make its profit potential exceed the general level of the instry. These advantages protect the company against the threat of various competitive forces.
differentiation strategy
differentiation strategy is to differentiate procts or services provided by companies, and establish some unique things in the whole instry. There are many ways to realize differentiation strategy: design famous brand image, technical uniqueness, performance characteristics, customer service, business network and other aspects of uniqueness. The most ideal situation is that the company has its differentiation characteristics in several aspects. For example, caterpillar is not only famous for its business network and excellent parts supply service, but also enjoys a high reputation for its high quality and rable proct quality
if the differentiation strategy is successfully implemented, it will become a positive strategy to win high-level profits in an instry, because it establishes a defensive position against five competitive forces, although its form of defense is different from that of cost leadership. Porter believes that the implementation of differentiation strategy sometimes conflicts with the activities of striving for a larger market share. The implementation of differentiation strategy often requires the company to be prepared for the exclusivity of this strategy. This strategy and increasing market share can not be taken into account. There is always a high cost in the process of establishing a company's differentiation strategy. Sometimes, even if customers in the whole instry understand the unique advantages of the company, not all customers will be willing or able to pay the high price required by the company
specialization strategy
specialization strategy is to focus on a special customer group, a segment of a proct line or a regional market. Just like differentiation strategy, specialization strategy can take many forms. Although the low-cost and differentiation strategy is to achieve its goal in the whole instry, the whole specialization strategy is built around the center of serving a special goal. Every functional policy it develops and implements should consider this central idea. This strategy relies on the premise that the specialization of the company's business can serve a narrow strategic target with high efficiency and better effect, so as to surpass the competitors in a wider range. Porter thinks that the result of this is that the company either realizes differentiation by meeting the needs of special objects, or realizes low cost when serving this object, or both. Such a company can make its profit potential exceed the general level of the instry. These advantages protect the company against the threat of various competitive forces.
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