Where is the center of the earth in Xinjiang
Yaxin is located in baojiazaozi village, Yongfeng Township. At the beginning of the determination, Yaxin just put up a wooden marker post. Now it has developed into a scenic area, and there is an endless stream of visitors. From Yaxin, which stands at an altitude of 1280 meters, you can see Bogda ice peak in the East, Tianshan Mountains in the south, Toutun River torrent in the West and Junggar Basin in the north. That kind of mystery arises spontaneously. Around the square stands maps and flags of 49 countries. On both sides of the Asian Central Avenue are the famous sculptures of Asian countries: Iran's "lion hunt", "Tajikistan's" Eagle "," Kuwait's "boat", "Pakistan's" long live peace "," Iraq's "Hammurabi code column" and Laos's "blessing", all of which symbolize the spirit of all Asian nations, show the cultural pursuit of people of all countries, and embody the coexistence of multiple civilizations“ The determination of "Yaxin" established the status of Urumqi as the geographical center of the Asian continent - the capital of Yaxin, and further defined the Yaxin region with Urumqi as the center. Here is the world's farthest from the ocean, the strongest Continental, unique to China's special geographical environment. Urumqi is no longer a marginal City, Xinjiang is no longer a marginal region, but the center of the Asian continent.
Xinjiang is located in the northwest of China, in the upper left corner of the map of China
Xinjiang is located at 73 east longitude ° 40′~96 ° 18 ', 34 n ° 25′~48 ° It is located in the northwest of China. Located in the hinterland of the Eurasian continent, bordered by Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Mongolia, India and Afghanistan, it is an important passage of the ancient Silk Road in history, and is now the only way to pass the second "Eurasian land bridge"
the total area of Xinjiang accounts for one sixth of China's land area (1.631585 million square kilometers), and the length of its boundary line accounts for one fourth (more than 5000 kilometers), which is 40000 square kilometers more than eight times the total area of Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province
The geographical location of Xinjiang is called the western region in ancient times. The term "western region" refers to the region of Xinjiang from ancient times to the reign of Emperor Qianlong in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Emperor Qianlong referred to the area finally ruled by the Qing government as Xinjiang. After the Qing government calmed down the rebellion in Junggar, the northern and southern regions of Tianshan Mountains, which was called the western regions in ancient times, were also called Xinjiangthe name of Xinjiang has another meaning, that is, Xinjiang is an inherent territory of China since ancient times, but because it is the lost land newly recovered from akuba and tsarist Russia, Xinjiang is chosen as the name of the province, which means "new return of native land". In 1884, Xinjiang Province was established and officially named Xinjiang province. Xinjiang has become a special term for the western regions of China and is still in use today
Secondly, the topography of Xinjiang is arranged alternately by mountains and basins, and the basins are surrounded by high mountains, which is called "three mountains with two basins". Altai Mountains in the north and Kunlun Mountains in the south; Tianshan Mountains lie in the middle of Xinjiang, which divides Xinjiang into two parts: Tarim Basin in the South and Junggar Basin in the north. It is customary to call the south of Tianshan as southern Xinjiang, the north of Tianshan as northern Xinjiang, and the Hami and Turpan basins as eastern Xinjiang The climate of Xinjiang is far away from the sea, deep inland, surrounded by high mountains, and the ocean air flow is not easy to reach, forming an obvious temperate continental climate. The temperature difference is large, sunshine time is sufficient, precipitation is less, and the climate is dry. The annual average precipitation in Xinjiang is about 150 mm, but the precipitation varies greatly. The temperature in southern Xinjiang is higher than that in Northern Xinjiang, and the precipitation in Northern Xinjiang is higher than that in southern XinjiangXinjiang is located in the center of Eurasia, far away from the ocean and surrounded by mountains, so the precipitation is rare. The annual average precipitation in Xinjiang is only 150 mm, and the spatial and temporal distribution is extremely uneven. Tianshan Mountains lie across the central part of Xinjiang, which makes great differences in temperature, precipitation, soil and vegetation between northern and southern Xinjiang. Due to the low altitude and high precipitation in the western mountainous area of Northern Xinjiang, the annual average precipitation is about 200 ~ 250mm. The precipitation in the middle and high mountains of Altai Mountain and Tianshan mountain can reach 500 ~ 600mm. The maximum precipitation zone in the western part of Tianshan Mountain is located at 1500 ~ 1800m above sea level, with a precipitation of about 800mm. The annual precipitation in the Gongnaisi river area of Ili can reach 900 ~ 1000mm, but only about 100mm in the middle part of Junggar basin; The average annual precipitation in the plain area is less than 100 mm. The average precipitation in Ruoqiang County in the east of Taklimakan desert from 1954 to 1970 is only 15.6 mm, of which only 3.9 mm in 1957; Turpan Basin in eastern Xinjiang is also a low value area of precipitation. According to the statistics of precipitation data in tuokesun county from 1961 to 1970, the annual average precipitation is only 3.9mm, which is the lowest record in China
e to the lack of precipitation and little cloud cover, the annual sunshine hours in Xinjiang are extended. The annual sunshine hours are 2550 ~ 3500hr, and the annual total radiation is 5000 ~ 6490mj / m2.yr, 620 ~ 640mj / m2yr more than that in North China and Northeast China at the same latitude, ranking second only to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau
generally, the temperature change in southern Xinjiang is higher than that in Northern Xinjiang, and the vertical decline in mountainous areas is obvious. From the perspective of average temperature, Tarim Basin is above 10 - ℃, Junggar basin is 5-7 ℃, winter is very cold, the average temperature in January in Junggar basin is below - 17 ℃, Tarim Basin is above - 10 ℃, the minimum extreme temperature in southern Xinjiang is - 20 ℃ to - 30 ℃, and that in Northern Xinjiang is almost below - 35 ℃; The average temperature in July is 20-25 ℃ in Northern Xinjiang, 25-27 ℃ in southern Xinjiang and 33 ℃ in Turpan Basin. The frost free period is about 160 days in southern Northern Xinjiang and Yili Valley, 200-220 days in most southern Xinjiang and 223 days in Turpan
"wear cotton padded jacket in the morning, wear yarn in the afternoon, eat watermelon around the stove" vividly describes the change of temperature in Xinjiang. Large temperature difference is an important feature of Xinjiang Climate. The annual temperature difference in Xinjiang is higher than 36 ℃ in Tarim Basin, 42 ℃ in Turpan Basin and 44 ℃ in Northern Xinjiang. The temperature difference in Chepaizi, located in the west edge of Gurbantonggut desert, reached 55 ℃ in 1956. The absolute annual temperature range is larger, such as andir in Taklimakan Desert, which reached 67.2 ℃ in 1967; The daily temperature range in Xinjiang is also significantly higher than that in other areas of the same latitude in China. The annual average daily temperature range in Tarim Basin is as high as 16 ℃, and the extreme diurnal temperature difference in Turpan Basin is more than 40 ℃
compared with the precipitation, the evaporation in Xinjiang is particularly strong, which is generally 1500-2000mm in Junggar basin, 2000-3000mm in Tarim Basin and 3000mm in Turpan Hami basin
it can be seen that the main characteristics of Xinjiang climate are sufficient light, large temperature difference, rare precipitation, strong evaporation, dry climate and obvious regional differentiation
the topography and geomorphology of Xinjiang
the topography and geomorphology have a profound impact on the formation and development of soil and vegetation through the redistribution of soil parent material and water, gas and heat. Therefore, to comprehensively and correctly understand the Halophytes in Xinjiang, the understanding of topography and geomorphology is indispensable. Surrounded by high mountains and alternated with basins, it is the basic outline of Xinjiang landform. From the vertical section, the Altai Mountains, Junggar basin, Tianshan Mountains, Tarim Basin and Kunlun Mountains are distributed from north to south
Altai mountain is located in the northernmost part of Xinjiang, with a northeast southwest trend, with a total length of more than 2000 km. Only the middle part is in China, with a length of more than 500 km, belonging to the south slope of the middle part. The height of the ridge is more than 3000 m, the mountain is wide in the west, narrow in the East, and about 150 km in the northwest. It is about 80 km wide in the southeast. Due to the influence of the Arctic ocean current, the climate of the Altay Mountains is humid and the vegetation is dense. The mountain area with an altitude of about 2000m is an important pasture in Xinjiang
Junggar basin is located between Altay Mountain and Tianshan Mountain. The west part of Junggar basin is the western mountain of Junggar, and the east part reaches the foot of Beita mountain, which is roughly triangular. It is about 700km long from east to west and 450km wide from north to south, covering an area of about 200000 km2. The Gurbantunggut Desert is located in the middle of the desert, covering an area of about 45000 km2. It is mostly fixed and semi fixed sand nes. The precipitation in the desert area is about 100 mm, and the vegetation coverage is 20 ~ 40%; The northern part of the basin, from the southern foot of Altay Mountain to the northern edge of desert, is the northern plain with obvious wind erosion and large scale of wind erosion depressions; The southern plain of the basin, which starts from the southern edge of the desert in the north and ends at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain in the south, is the main agricultural area in Northern Xinjiang. In the west of Junggar basin, the water vapor from the Atlantic Ocean can enter the northern Xinjiang e to the lower mountain altitude and the Alashan pass and Erqis estuary. Therefore, the precipitation in Junggar basin is significantly higher than that in Tarim Basin< The Tianshan Mountains, stretching between the Junggar Basin and the Tarim Basin, are composed of a series of East-West parallel mountains and basins and valleys between them. Generally, the mountain height is 4000-5000m, and the snow line height is 3500-3800m on the north slope and 4000-4200m on the south slope. The water condition of mountain streams, valleys and canyons is good, and elms, poplar trees and undergrowth meadows grow. There are many valleys and basins among the mountains, including Yanqi Basin, Hami basin, Turpan Basin, Baicheng basin, Yili Basin and Wushi basin. These mountain basins and valleys are the main places for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Xinjiang, and also the main places for people to live
Tarim Basin, located in the south of Tianshan Mountain and the north of Kunlun Mountain, is an inland basin surrounded by high mountains and is also the largest inland closed basin in China. The basin is about 1400km long from east to west and 550km wide from north to south, covering an area of 560000km2, accounting for about 1 / 3 of the total area of Xinjiang. The central part of the basin is the famous Taklimakan Desert, covering an area of 337600 km2, mainly composed of crescent mobile nes. Because it is located in the center of the continent, the climate is dry, the precipitation in the center of the desert is only 10 mm, and the natural scenery is distributed in a ring. A series of alluvial and proluvial gravelly Gobi with a width of about 30 ~ 50km were formed around the basin e to a large amount of sand and gravel accumulated in the front of the mountain by the river out of the mountain; In the western part of the basin, a modern alluvial plain with a width of about 60-80 km is distributed from south to North and from the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain to the north. The edge of the basin is dotted with arc-shaped and beaded oases. The precipitation at the edge of the basin is generally 20 ~ 40mm
Kunlun Mountains, including Karakorum, Kunlun, Altun and Pamir Plateau, are located in the southern margin of Tarim Basin. It is about 1800km long from east to west and 60 ~ 300km wide from north to south. The terrain is high in the West and low in the East. The average ridge line is more than 5000 ~ 6000m. The mountain is covered with ice and snow. The melting ice and snow has become part of the water source for the irrigation of the Piedmont oasis.
The main areas and ports in Xinjiang need to apply for border control certificates:
1. Huocheng County Horgos port
2. Tacheng city baktu port
3. Chabuchar Autonomous County tala port
4. Burjin County Kanas Lake
5. Jimunai County Jimunai port
6. Qinghe County takshiken port
7. Habahe County ahitubuick port
8 Zhaosu County muzaerte port
9. Bole City Alashankou port
10. Qitai County wulastai port
11. Wuqia County turgat port
12. Kashgar tashkergan Autonomous County
13. Tashkergan Autonomous County hongqilap port
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frontier defense certificates are some of citizens' rights in and out of the country A certificate issued by the local frontier defense brigade in border areas. The content of the certificate is mainly the place you want to go and the time you need to stay in the border areas
proceres:
first of all, bring your valid ID card to the police station under your jurisdiction to issue a certificate, which mainly includes the place you want to go and the time you need to stay in the border area
then, bring the ID card and the certificate issued by the police station to the frontier defense brigade for the frontier defense card
generally 3-4 working days
1. Go to the local police station and get an application form for frontier defense card
When filling in the personal data, the most important thing is to specify which area of Tibet you are going to arrive in, and then ask the Security Department of the unit to write opinions and seal Take back the local police station and seal it4. Apply for the frontier defense Certificate (free of charge) at the frontier defense Certificate Office of the Public Security Branch Bureau (such as the Public Security Branch Bureau of XX District) under the jurisdiction of the registered permanent residence
5. The whole process requires personal ID card and household register, as well as two bareheaded one inch photos, the rest are free of charge
Xinjiang is located in the hinterland of the Eurasian continent, with a land border of more than 5600 kilometers, bordering Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Mongolia, India and Afghanistan. It is an important passage of the ancient Silk Road in history, and now the only way to pass through the second "Eurasian land bridge". Its strategic position is very important. Xinjiang has 47 ethnic groups, mainly living in Uighur, Han, Kazak, Hui, Mongolia, Kirgiz, Xibe, Tajik, Uzbek, Manchu, Daur, Tatar, Russia and other ethnic groups. It is one of the five ethnic autonomous regions in China.
there are Grape Valley, Karez and Flame Mountain in Turpan
Urumqi, international bazaar, Urumqi night market is very prosperous, oh, Tianchi, water is very blue, Tianshan ranch
Kanas, the scenery is very beautiful. It is said that there is a water monster, a beautiful and mysterious lake. The color of the water will change
the scenery of Southern Xinjiang is also very beautiful. There is a desert highway in Korla Bazhou. You can see the second largest desert in the world. That's the boundless view. The Gobi desert is also boundless. If you take photos, I suggest you go to the Populus euphratica forest reserve. My God! The golden leaves are not beautiful. There are Tarim River, Hejing, grassland and Swan Lake, which are different from Inner Mongolia grassland. There are Hualing mountains, which are mountains of wild flowers. It's very beautiful. The river water flows from the mountains, and the melting water is clean and drinkable. You can also go to Yuli County to eat xiaobalangzi roasted whole sheep. This shop is very famous. It has a lot of delicious food, such as big plate chicken, lasiaozi, red willow barbecue and hand pilaf... If you want to shoot pure customs, Kashgar can also go. Go to Hotan to buy jade. Ghost city is OK
itinerary: 1 day in Turpan - 2 days in Urumqi - 1 day in Tianchi - 1 day in Altay - 1 day in Kanas - 2 days in Karamay - Bayinbuluke - 1 day in Swan Lake - 1 day in Kuqa - Aksu - 1 day in Kashgar - 1 day in Hotan - 1 day in Yuli County - 1 day in Korla City - 1 day in Bosten Lake - 1 day in Urumqi back
note: it's cold in winter, wear down jacket, and pay attention to sun protection in summer, Wearing a sun hat and drinking more water, Xinjiang is much drier than Sichuan. Don't mention pig in front of Uygur villagers. Respect national customs and habits, to Xinjiang you will know the vast motherland, so on the journey will spend a lot of time, take a book to do recreation is good, the rest is nothing, Xinjiang people are very hospitable, people are very good