The training of thinking's de egocentricity

1. Parents' first EQ class, the baby's cognition of the surrounding is self-learning ability, but parents' planned interaction is the best ecation at this time
please describe all kinds of emotions and emotions of the baby itself and other people in the environment with words
start from simple: happy, sad, afraid, calm, angry
then further understand the advanced emotions accurately: sadness, fear, friendly
finally, to some higher emotions: embarrassment, withdrawal, Anger, etc.
remember not to think that children are born with a lot of knowledge. The baby can judge and analyze self-learning either from family ecation or from TV and other social ecation
distraction is the best intervention method
children aged 2-3 have incomplete cognitive system, and the best way is to divert their attention when their emotions are out of control. Use other more attractive things to save the child from the boring and noisy mood
remember: don't be angry with your child, and reason with your child, it's all the performance of parents with low EQ
how to & quot; Egocentrism & quot; It is the main task of the baby at this stage
(tapping the blackboard, which is the source of future EQ)
let the child know & quot; You & quot& quot; I & quot& quot; He & quot; There are also differences between & quot; Your & quot& quot; My & quot& quot; His & quot; The difference
can start with sharing:
for example, a beautiful little sister came to the family, and the baby was very happy, and took a small apple to give to her sister.
many parents may immediately criticize their children for doing wrong or even for being selfish in the face of this situation
it's only after decades of life that I have accumulated my right and wrong ideas. How can I ask a two or three-year-old child to have the same right and wrong ideas as myself
what can we do
baby: if someone gives you an apple, do you want a big one or a small one
he replied without thinking: big
Yes, you see, you want to get a big one. Do you think Miss would like to receive a big one or a small one
he thought about it and replied, "big one
are you happy if someone gives you a little apple
the baby thinks: not happy
do you think little sister will be happy to receive the apple you gave him
the baby shakes his head thoughtfully: unhappy
do you want your little sister to be happy or unhappy
baby: I hope my little sister is happy
do you think you should give the teacher a big apple or a small one
baby: Big Apple
when I have similar conflicts, please describe the thoughts, feelings and expectations of people from different positions and angles as comprehensively as possible, so that the baby can realize that different people will have different thoughts, feelings and expectations from an early age
this kind of & quot; Decentralization & quot; Thinking training will be the foundation of EQ in the future

2. Egocentrism refers to children's thinking deficiencies e to their low level of thinking development. It means that indivials tend to know things from their own standpoint and point of view, but not from the objective and other people's standpoint and point of view. From being unable to distinguish the self from the outside world to getting rid of the dependence on action and direct perception, being able to distinguish the self from the outside world, representing other people's psychological world, and acquiring the ability of opinion selection. In the early stage of sensorimotor, the egocentrism of children's thinking is that they can't distinguish themselves from the outside world. They live in the "here and now" world completely and don't realize that there is a broader world besides their feelings. At the end of the sensorimotor stage, with the emergence of symbolic function, children can distinguish themselves from the outside world, which is a manifestation of de egocentrism. In the pre operation stage, children's egocentrism of thinking is reflected in the representation level. At this time, although children have formed a representation of things, they can't represent other people's psychological world. What they think and feel is always the same as what they think and feel, and they don't have the ability of opinion selection. After entering the specific operation stage, children's thinking is further de egocentric, which shows that they can understand things from multiple dimensions, and they can realize that different people often hold different views and attitudes towards the same thing, that is, they have the ability of opinion selection. Therefore, Piaget believes that the development of children's thinking from low level to high level is a process of de egocentrism.

3. Childhood is 3-6, 7 years old, belongs to Piaget's cognitive development theory of pre operation stage, achievement 1, animism, think that everything has life 2, thinking is irreversible 3, self-centered 4, thinking has stereotyped defects: children have not yet acquired the concept of conservation of matter.

4. First, accept your child's self-centered thinking. Self centered thinking is just a child's cognitive style, which is different from selfishness and is not a personality defect. Therefore, parents should respect their child's self-centered thinking rather than blame and criticism. In fact, alts are often self-centered. For example, some people will complain about why others don't help them; Some people don't respect other people's opinions in group discussion and think that only they are right... Therefore, parents need to treat them with a normal mind and don't need to force correction, otherwise it will only hurt their children's hearts. 2、 Don't spoil your child too much. Parents can understand how they love their child. But if they spoil their child too much, for example, they often say "all these are for you", "all these are bought for you" and "baby can play wherever you want", it will only make the child more self-centered and will not consider other people's feelings at all. You can tell your child "share some food with your grandmother", "play with other children", "let your mother have a rest", let him know that there are others, and put others in the "leading role" position appropriately. After a long time, the child can pay attention to others. 3、 Let children learn empathy. If children learn empathy, their egocentric thinking will change. For example, if he is sleepy and wants to sleep, his mother can pretend to pester him to play with him and not let him sleep, saying, "next time my mother is tired, do you want my mother to rest?" For another example, if he doesn't want to share food with others, his mother can say, "if his mother doesn't share it with you, where are you going to eat?" This kind of guidance will make children feel the same and know how to consider other people's feelings. 4、 Through the game, children learn to transpose thinking, why children have self-centered thinking, because no one teaches them how to consider things from the perspective of others, the game can make children learn to transpose thinking. Hands up game: mother and child stand face to face, let the child raise his right hand, and then ask him: "which hand should I raise?" At this time, the child needs to consider the problem from the position of the mother. Hide and seek: parents can first show their children where they will hide. In the process of playing, parents can hide for their children to find. At this time, the child has to think in another place: if I was a mom and Dad, where would I choose to hide? Role Playing: this kind of game is the most attractive for children, and it can also guide them to think in transposition. For example, "the wolf catches the lamb". If the child plays the wolf, he should consider the problem from the perspective of the wolf: where will the lamb hide? How to catch it? wait. These fun role-playing games can let children play a variety of roles in a short time, experience the inner world of different roles, so as to achieve the effect of learning transposition thinking. 5、 Let the child experience the result of self centeredness. For example, when Ann answers the phone, her father just nods and doesn't speak. Let Ann experience how it feels when she can't hear when she answers the phone. In this way, when she answers the phone next time, Ann will know that she has to speak out before she answers the phone. 6、 In practice, learning psychologist Burke has done three mountain experiment similar to Piaget's, and found that when children are familiar with the scene and the problem is relatively easy to understand, children can consider other people's feelings. It can be seen that children's self-centered tendency is related to the familiarity with the scene and the degree of life. Therefore, children can graally get rid of the self-centered thinking by providing rich materials and environment for them to observe and operate by themselves
extracted from the Internet, for reference only!

5. Adolescence is a period of great changes in physiology and psychology, from about 10 to 19 and 20 years old. It is a transitional period from childhood to althood. It is a complex contradictory period full of independence and dependence, consciousness and childishness
1. The development of self-consciousness refers to an indivial's understanding and attitude towards himself. Self consciousness is the unique subjective initiative of human beings. It is not only a part of personality, but also an important guarantee for indivials to achieve the goal of socialization and improve their personality characteristics. Adolescence is a period of self-consciousness mutation, which is mainly affected by the following three reasons:
(1) physiological reasons: adolescence is at the peak of physical growth and development, height and weight increase. At the same time, sexual maturity begins and sexual consciousness awakens. These rapid changes make children begin to realize that they are no longer children, and there is a "sense of maturity"
(2) psychological reasons: with the rapid development of the body, children and adolescents acquire a new thinking ability, a thinking ability that can analyze and evaluate their own psychological process and inner activities, which is called reflective thinking. They think about themselves through introspective thinking, analyze their own psychological activities, and examine their personality characteristics, moral conct and emotional state
(3) social reasons: parents and teachers begin to put forward higher requirements to them. At the same time, adolescence is facing many problems that need to be decided by itself. All this means that teenagers have to face themselves, introspect themselves and understand themselves. On the other hand, they must constantly adjust the relationship between themselves and their peers in order to occupy a certain position in the group, be recognized and respected by their peers, and be eager to find confidants and friends. In dealing with peers, teenagers not only like to pay attention to and comment on the psychological characteristics and qualities of others, but also like to compare themselves with peers to find out their own advantages and disadvantages. This creates favorable conditions for teenagers' self-ecation< The self-consciousness of adolescents has the following characteristics:
① the development of maturity and independent intention: e to the rapid development of physiology, adolescents begin to realize that they have grown up. With the emergence of this sense of maturity, they hope to participate in alt activities, hope to be respected by others, hope others treat him as an alt, and let themselves enjoy the same rights as alts. In fact, they still need to be attached to their families and alts, so there is often a contradiction between independence and attachment. If parents or alts still treat them as children at this time, they will have dissatisfaction and resistance, and think that it is alts' restraint and surveillance on them. Because of this, adolescents often "confront" their parents and teachers in adolescence, often deliberately showing resistance and alienation intention< (2) self differentiation: there are two kinds of self: one is the self with perceptual ability, thinking ability and behavior ability; The other is the self which can be regarded as the object of objective observation, that is, subjective self and objective self. These two kinds of selves began to differentiate from the initial chaotic state. When adolescence begins to recognize itself, it tries to shape itself and unify itself according to its own wishes, which is the manifestation of adolescent personality reorganization. Therefore, the subjective self contains the idealized self, which can be realistic or fantasy. Clinical psychology believes that the distance between objective self and ideal self is too far, which may be the manifestation of mental health. Some teenagers will inlge in self observation and self intoxication, which will make them divorced from reality, isolated, and even doubt their own authenticity, leading to the disintegration of personality
③ the intensity and depth of self-awareness are increasing: teenagers are eager to know themselves. They often look in the mirror, study their appearance and posture, pay attention to their clothes and appearance, and care about others' opinions and comments on themselves. When young people gather together, they often regard themselves as an object to be observed by others, and less as an observer. Therefore, they like to focus on their own feelings, often exaggerate their emotional feelings, think that his (her) emotional experience is unique. They often think that some laws of nature and society only work for others, but are an exception to themselves. This idea may encourage teenagers to take risks< (4) self evaluation is becoming more and more mature: self evaluation refers to self-evaluation of one's ability and behavior, which is an important mechanism of indivial self-regulation. The development of teenagers' self-evaluation is shown in three aspects: first, the independence of evaluation is increasing; Second, self-evaluation has graally developed from one sidedness to comprehensiveness; Third, the evaluation of oneself has changed from physical characteristics and specific behavior to personality
2. The development of sexual consciousness and the graal maturity of sexual development promote the rapid development of juvenile sexual consciousness. They began to realize the difference between the two sexes, from the curiosity of the opposite sex graally transformed into a hazy attachment to the opposite sex, yearning and approaching tendency. The sexual consciousness is powerfully turbulent and reorganizes the psychological content and structure of teenagers, while the social living conditions and environment restrict and influence their psychological level and behavior style. Therefore, on the surface, there is a boundary between boys and girls, but on the inside, they all have a sense of mystery about the opposite sex, eager and imagining to get close to each other; On the surface, they avoid and alienate each other, but in fact, they are keenly paying attention to each other's behavior, words and deeds and physical changes; On the surface, he is formal and shy in front of the opposite sex. In fact, he often attracts the attention of the opposite sex by loving beauty, being in the limelight, taking risks and even playing pranks. They began to enjoy doing some fine arts, photography, music, dance, watching movies and literary works to cultivate their own sentiment
3. Children with cognitive development enter the stage of formal operation when they are 11 or 12 years old. At this time, their thinking activities have gone beyond specific and perceptual things, freeing form from content, and solving abstract problems by dective reasoning, law inction and factor decomposition
junior high school age is an important period of intellectual development. Perceptual activities have been quite accurate and generalized, comprehensible memory has replaced mechanical memory in the dominant position, the development of abstract logical thinking ability is more rapid, can correctly grasp the concept, and make judgment and reasoning, although the independence and criticality of thinking is not stable and comprehensive, but the unique and creative views on some issues are sometimes more profound than alts. Learning has been able to think independently and process learning materials logically by itself; Learning attitude is more voluntary, assious and active; Learning motivation of specific social significance plays a major role in learning activities
the intelligence of senior high school students is close to maturity, and their intelligence activities are obviously random, that is, they can concentrate and stabilize their attention on the more abstract, boring and difficult learning tasks without direct interest, and can allocate their attention in the more complex learning activities; The observation ability is sometimes more precise, profound and comprehensive than that of ordinary alts; Learning motivation is more far-reaching, learning interest is obviously divided, learning can be summarized according to the system, meaning, classification and cross comprehensive memory of various disciplines, grasp the key and central link of teaching content< However, the speed of psychological development is relatively slow, which makes the physical and mental development in a non-equilibrium state and causes various contradictions in psychological development
(1) the impact of physiological changes on psychological activities: the sense of maturity makes young people want to get rid of everything in childhood as soon as possible, find a new code of conct, and obtain a new social evaluation. And because of the maturity of sexual development, breeding the desire for sex. But it's impossible to express this desire and emotion in public. Under the psychological and physiological driving force, they will feel a strong impact and depression, and thus feel all kinds of confusion and trouble< (2) the contradiction between psychological maturity and childishness: the level of psychological activity in adolescence is often semi mature and semi childish. This is mainly manifested as: 1) resistance and dependence: the strong sense of independence often makes teenagers unwilling to obey the requirements of their parents or teachers, and often in an emotional state of conflict with alts. However, they don't completely get rid of their dependence on their parents. They need help and support from alts in many aspects. ② Closeness and openness: when children enter adolescence, they graally close their hearts and are unwilling to reveal their feelings to others, but at the same time they feel lonely and lonely, hoping to get other people's care and understanding. ③ Bravery and cowardice: in psychological behavior, there are often brave thoughts and behaviors, and even rash impulses, but sometimes they are very shy and retreat, and they are not calm enough in public. ④ Arrogance and Inferiority: it's easy to draw a conclusion on oneself by feeling for a while, and it's easy to overestimate or underestimate oneself if you don't grasp the degree of self-confidence properly; They have a poor tolerance to setbacks, and can have extreme inferiority complex e to accidental failures and setbacks. ⑤ Negation of childhood and attachment to childhood: alt consciousness makes adolescents try to deny their childhood from all aspects, but they also cherish the carefree mentality and simple and clear way of emotional catharsis in childhood, especially when they encounter failures or setbacks, hoping to get the care and protection of their childhood
(3) prone to psychological and behavioral bias: adolescents in adolescence have unbalanced physical and mental development, and will feel a lot of psychological contradictions, pressure and psychological conflicts. If these problems can not be solved smoothly, there may be various problems in emotion, personality characteristics and daily behavior, and even more serious psychological and behavioral bias.

6. Piaget believes that egocentric behavior refers to the lack of identification ability in some aspects of subjective and objective interaction. In essence, it is a tendency to give priority to the indivial and not consider others in behavior or concept, which is manifested as bad personality characteristics, such as selfishness, willfulness, overbearing, complacency, etc.
egocentrism is the necessary stage of indivial psychological development, and it changes from one form to another in every stage of psychological development, That is, the higher form replaces the lower form. The infant stage is characterized by "the conquest of the object", which can clearly identify the symbol and the east-west direction represented by the symbol. For children aged 2-6, egocentrism is manifested as the conquest of the object.
egocentrism refers to the thinking process or thinking state in which the subject forcibly integrates and assimilates the object into the subject's cognitive schema, driven by the mechanism of interpenetration (believing in the principle of thinking relevance of mutual inclusiveness of all things), It is self-centered and spontaneous

7.

There are many ways to train logical thinking, such as the following methods:

1. Exercise logical thinking ability through "self questioning"

in daily reading, study and work life, no matter when you see, hear or read some "important information and touching information", you can guide yourself to think and exercise your logical thinking through some deliberate self questioning

for example, when you come to an important point or conclusion in reading, you can ask yourself: why does the author cut in from this angle? How did the author come to this conclusion? What are the disadvantages of this conclusion? If I write, how can I write better

here, I'm talking about memorizing a deck of playing cards, not rote memorization. It's meaningless to memorize a deck of playing cards by rote. I'm talking about using memory skills such as association and image to memorize, such as the training of playing cards in "elite special speed reading memory software". I've talked about this in the previous video, and interested friends can have a look at it by themselves. In addition to memory, the software can also train fast reading to help you improve the efficiency of reading and learning