The difficulty of the whole network is greater than that of the

2. The desktop can't be g down at all. You can try something else. I'm just digging ITGC, which costs dozens of yuan a day.
the most important thing is that the ITGC client has built-in one click mining! One click mining! One click mining! Important things are to be repeated for 3 times. For Xiao, in fact, mining is not so difficult, as long as there is a computer, a mobile phone can, today teach you a key mining
first of all, we need to download ITGC's wallet client. We can search eppool, Download professional mining tools, and now support PC's win, Linux, MacOS's CPU and graphics card mining, as well as Android mobile phone mining! The second step is to download the official wallet client. After downloading and installing, we start ITGC wallet. Step three, start mining Mining command] enter go and enter to start your mining journey. It's so simple! It's amazing!

3.

At the end of March this year, bitmainland launched an ant miner X3 based on ASIC, which is mainly aimed at Monroe coin (XmR) and cryptonight algorithm dependent cryptocurrency. Monroe coin immediately issued a counter statement that it will change the core algorithm to fight against the invasion of ASIC computing power

what would be the result if it appeared in the world of digital cryptocurrency? That is, the wrong calculation results may be brought into the whole network without being discovered

More importantly, if a "calculator manufacturer" monopolizes the calculator market, it can also deliberately proce this kind of calculator with errors to change the mathematical rules

after all, the "calculation" in the field of crypto digital currency is not as simple as 1 + 2 + 3. You can't compare paper currency with special currency by hand

the practical significance of computing power monopoly in mainland China

we have learned about attacks based on 51% computing power in various articles

but the reality is that although the global power of 78% was in Chinese mainland, fortunately, they were scattered in different pools and controlled by different people. p>

although all POW based cryptocurrencies have the risk of being attacked by 51%, few people can really launch attacks e to the dispersion of computing power

but what if the miners themselves don't want to attack, but the mining machinery manufacturers attack

still using the analogy just now, although each miner subjectively wants to do the problem checking independently, their calculator is manipulated remotely and gives consistent wrong answers. This may pose a great threat to digital cryptocurrency

however, the manufacturer with the absolute voice of mining machinery had such a problem in mainland China

in April 2017, the back door of antbled came out. Although this is described as a "vulnerability" in Chinese, antbled is more like a function that has been implemented and designed

anonymous people found that after an ant miner made by bitmainland was connected to the network, it would communicate with a domain name held by bitmainland on a regular basis and return the miner's serial number, MAC address and IP address to bitmainland's server. If the server of bitcontinent gives a negative signal, the miner will stop running

although bitcontinental responded that they could not shut down any mining machines that did not belong to them. However, the bitcoin core team has proved in experiments that this function has no verification. Anyone can shut down mining machines by forging DNS - but it also means that bitcoin mainland has the ability to shut down any sold mining machines

After

, bitcontinent fixed this "loophole", but it caused heated discussion in the community. This has also set the tone that almost all pow blockchain communities are biased against mainland China

a few months later, under the leadership of bitcontinent, viabtc g out the first block and made a hard bifurcation with the blockchain of bitcoin. From then on, bitcoin BCH (bitcoin cash) appeared in the world

will the monopoly of mining machinery destroy the distributed system

facing this problem, we should have a clear answer now. That is, the monopoly of mining machinery will certainly affect the safe operation of pow digital cryptocurrency

the problem is not whether bitcontinental and its founder Wu Jihan are trustworthy, but that one of the values of any blockchain system is to operate safely without trust in any single company or indivial

even if the ASIC miner is not monopolized by bitmainland, the ASIC miner itself will increase the concentration of computing power

the ASIC used for mining has great requirements for ventilation, power and site, and has no use except for mining. At the same time, the calculation difficulty of the whole network is increased e to the powerful computing power

as a result, it is very difficult for external players to start mining in the next software on the computer as they did five years ago. And the recent centralized exchange is caused by frequent black incidents, which also proves that concentration in this unregulated market will definitely lead to insecurity

assuming that the bitcoin network runs on top of one million miners, no one can shut it down. And if the bitcoin network runs on 20 large mines, it's much easier to shut it down

and by the end of 2017, 78% of the effort was concentrated in mainland China, which led to a real possibility of Chinese mainland regulators' launching a deadly attack against the special currency. p>

moreover, most of the scenarios of using digital cryptocurrency are related to "decentralization". Once centralized, it means that these scenarios no longer exist. It turns a project that might have value into a pure waste of computing power

Then, what measures should we take in the face of this situation

first of all, as the project side, it may be time to give up the pure POW mechanism. In fact, in many projects of issuing cryptocurrency, especially in asset securitization projects. Similar to the concept of stock in the real world, POS itself is more reasonable than pow

in the media that don't know about blockchain, we often hear such words as "bitcoin wastes a lot of computing power and has no value", which is reasonable to some extent. It is difficult for a POW based blockchain to bind the value of the project itself to the issued digital cryptocurrency - because the real value behind the price of the currency does not come from the project, but from the cost of maintaining computing power

and the hybrid mode of pow + POS is more like the future. In the hybrid mode, both coin holders and miners can participate in the major decisions of this community. If a decision is widely accepted, the blockchain will be soft forked to the latest state without excessive intervention of developers, and there will be almost no private resistance of miners or mining machines

secondly, as a retail miner, if you are still digging a pure POW mechanism currency, you should unconditionally support the bifurcation activities initiated by the community to resist the ASIC mining machine, even if it will lead to the failure of your mining machine

this may sound contradictory, but in the long run, it is better to promote the reform of the community and get more benefits in a currency controlled by the monopoly of computing power. Because in many conflicts between computing power and community in the past, the ultimate result is that the computing power owner will forcibly keep the old algorithm to hard fork the blockchain

just like Eth and etc, the classic Ethereum (etc), which belongs to the computing power master, has lost the support of developers and become an air coin with no vitality and impossible to develop applications

as a retail leek, you should be careful to trade the non mainstream digital currencies (except bitcoin) supported by bitmainland mining machinery, so as to avoid falling into a blockchain in which bitmainland controls the computing power completely

finally, if you are bitcontinent, what should you do

bitcontinent's goal is to become Intel, AMD and NVIDIA, make greater contributions to the whole computer instry, and become a great company, not just entangled in the immediate interests of mining

Wall Street financiers have long seen through the violence brought about by NVIDIA's video card mining. The rise and fall of the company's stock price has been consistent with the price of bitcoin, and even affected by the digital currency market. Citron, a well-known short seller, has recently been bearish on NVIDIA, arguing that the company has focused too much on providing services for digital currency miners rather than on serious businesses such as artificial intelligence, games and driverless driving

the mission of chip manufacturers is to provide more powerful chips to drive more intelligent services, and finally contribute to the real world, rather than become monopoly tycoons in the virtual world. When we no longer enter the gate of the virtual world, the only thing left is a deserted land

in an interview with US media last year, Wu Jihan disclosed that he would make an IPO with a market value of billions of dollars. As a company about to go public, bitmainland should not only be responsible to investors, but also accept investors' questions about the sustainability of its business. "If your mining machinery goes public, it will encounter a fork, what should you do?"

and this question, which needs to be asked after the listing, has already appeared: the current price of the split coin xmo after the Monroe team split is $7.50, while the current price of the real Monroe coin XmR is $194, and the split coin is completely abandoned by the Monroe community

before bitcontinent becomes the name of all blockchain communities, we can rely on the huge amount of capital accumulated in recent years to transform into an artificial intelligence chip company along the previous plan, rather than continue to develop a variety of digital currency mining machines to extract the last drop of oil before the ecological collapse

content source: phoenix.com

4. In January 2013, Avalon released the 60g / s miner specification and accepted the booking. In January 2013, Avalon delivered the world's first commercial bitcoin ASIC miner, and the core developer of bitcoin network, Jeff
garzik, was fortunate to be the owner of the first commercial ASIC miner.
the most difficult mining problem was 0, and the computing power was about 2p at the beginning of 2013, and now it has reached 100p

5. 0.03 bitcoin, about 17 yuan

6. Cloud Computing: one of the three carriages enabling the future
cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence are known as the three carriages driving the future and enabling the real economy! At present, 48 of fortune's top 50 companies have publicly announced their cloud deployment plans, and the IT departments of many of them have widely used cloud services

Adobe's market value has increased by 10 times in the past nine years when it transformed into SaaS service; In the nine years since its listing, the market value of salesforce has increased by 30 times. Microsoft's revenue in the third quarter was US $30.6 billion, and cloud computing became the biggest contributor to the revenue growth of Microsoft's business. The revenue of intelligent cloud services sector reached US $9.7 billion, an increase of 22%<

according to the data report given by canalys, a research institution, the global cloud computing market in 2018 exceeded US $80 billion, reaching US $80.4 billion, with a year-on-year growth of 46.5%. In 2018, AWS had a revenue of US $25.4 billion, accounting for 31.7% of the market share, while Microsoft azure ranked second in the market, with an annual revenue of US $13.5 billion and a market share of 16.8%. In addition, according to the latest report released by Bain company, the size of the global cloud computing market is expected to rise to US $390 billion by 2020, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17%, Forbes Online reported. The global cloud computing market scale accounts for 0.37% of GDP, while the domestic cloud computing market scale accounts for only 0.13% of GDP in the same period

China has a consumer Internet giant with the same strength as the United States, but it is several times different from the instrial Internet. With the disappearance of Internet demographic dividend, the dividend of domestic 2C consumer Internet users has subsided, and 2b instrial Internet is on its way, the troika of cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence, It will witness the development of instrial Internet and usher in its own golden development. Instrial Internet acceleration, technology empowerment, China's 100 billion cloud computing market is waiting for its cultivators<

Cloud Computing: Top 10 development trends
here is a list of top 10 forecasts of the development trend of cloud computing instry in 2019 made by practitioners, analysts and enterprise decision-makers in the cloud computing instry for your reference<

participating in IDC circle: Top Ten Trends of cloud computing in 2019: cloud has become the main way to obtain artificial intelligence
1. Extensive use of intelligent decision-making has become an advanced symbol of enterprises

artificial intelligence has stepped out of the "entertainment world" and started to widely assist human decision-making in enterprise operation

in the future, whether an enterprise is advanced or not, one of the main measurement indicators is the proportion of intelligent assistance employees (not only serving executives) to make decisions. Cloud is no longer an issue discussed by technology circle, but more concerned by enterprise decision-makers

it is more urgent for enterprises to use artificial intelligence and other technologies for business innovation than ever before. At the same time, cloud based intelligent business will also trigger organizational change

2. Enterprises will graally give up the self built it infrastructure and move to the public cloud, resulting in "cloud based native enterprises"

the infrastructure of Netflix, an American video website, has been relocated to Amazon AWS. A small number of Chinese enterprises have realized such overall cloud relocation in 2018, and it is expected that a large number of cases of such overall cloud relocation will emerge in 2019

the cloud of means of proction means the opening of a new era

3. Cloud has become the most important path for enterprises to acquire AI

cloud naturally solves the unification of enterprise data and technology, and constitutes the most important path for enterprises to acquire AI capability< At present, public cloud platform has become the most important channel for customers to obtain AI services at low cost

in the business field, artificial intelligence technology that has been verified by cloud service providers' own business is favored by enterprise decision makers<

4. Hardware cloud service providers graally bid farewell to the public cloud market

in 2018, the traditional hardware start-ups encountered collective acclimatization in the era of public cloud

IBM's share of cloud computing has declined. Before that, HP, Cisco, Fujitsu and other enterprises had setbacks in entering the public cloud market with the help of open source openstack technology. The analysis shows that the hardware manufacturers' failure in the public cloud market lies in their failure to understand the nature of cloud computing

the essence of cloud computing is not a "computer" but a service. In addition, such enterprises are almost perfectly wrong with the Internet era. As a result, the hardware genes of the above-mentioned manufacturers are so powerful and the existing businesses are so successful that they are faced with the "innovator's dilemma"

5. The public cloud market is further concentrated

according to the statistics of authoritative market research institutions Gartner and IDC, four manufacturers, including Amazon AWS, Microsoft azure, Alibaba cloud and Google cloud, have become the leading forces in the global public cloud market, and their revenue growth rates are far faster than the average growth of the instry

Goldman Sachs, a Wall Street investment bank, predicts that Amazon, Microsoft, Alibaba and other giants will occupy about 84% of the core cloud computing market in 2019. These companies are significantly ahead of their competitors in talent, technology, operation, service, capital, ecology and other aspects. It can be predicted that the global cloud computing market concentration will be further improved in 2019, and will be more significant in the next few years

6. Enterprises prefer full stack solutions

in the past year, with the accelerated penetration of intelligent technology in the business field, many enterprises have realized intellectualization in some business links

however, more and more CEOs prefer comprehensive solutions than artificial intelligence technology to enhance a certain business or link. This kind of solution can not only realize the data of the company's business, but also provide a set of verified intelligent tools to help enterprises realize intelligent decision-making

in 2019, more comprehensive intelligent solutions will continue to appear and be welcomed by the market

7. Enterprises embrace cloud computing for security

in the past, security has become an obstacle

when many enterprises choose whether to go to the cloud, the most important concern is security, not only for their own information security, but also for the stability of business systems. However, with the digital transformation of the whole society, all kinds of business operations of enterprises will inevitably touch the Internet. In order to seek business security, they begin to become the driving factors for enterprises to actively go to the cloud

cloud computing manufacturers have a strong security team to serve too many types of customers, which can enable enterprises to obtain a strong security protection capability at low cost, which has changed the investment habits of enterprises in security in the past< After more than 10 years of development, cloud computing technology has graally matured, and the enterprise's acceptance of cloud computing is also further improved

as cloud computing can bring obvious utility to enterprise IT operation and business innovation, cloud computing has become the norm of enterprises

in 2019, the whole society will put more and more budget into the field of cloud computing, which will further enhance the proportion of cloud computing in the overall it expenditure. Goldman Sachs, a Wall Street investment bank, predicts that the market penetration rate of cloud computing will exceed 10% for the first time in 2019, and it will jump to 15% by 2021. This means that cloud computing will further erode enterprise IT spending and enhance its influence in the IT market< M & A activities in cloud computing instry will be more frequent

in 2018, there are many large-scale M & A transactions in the field of cloud computing, which are divided into different fields such as chip, security, artificial intelligence, developer community, cloud solutions, etc

in order to maintain the rapid growth, the mainstream cloud computing manufacturers need to launch more high value-added procts or services, and constantly expand the scale of paying customer groups. Mergers and acquisitions have become a means to achieve rapid results.

7. At present, the computing power of P2P pool nodes in the whole network is about 20t, but the actual utilization rate is only 10-15t, which wastes a lot of computing power
the computing power and block output of the whole network can be seen here http://www.taobtc.net/
a lot of computing power is wasted. The reason for this is also from the structure of the P2P pool. The P2P pool node will automatically adjust the difficulty of the pool according to the computing power of the workers' mining equipment. This process is quite fast, and the difficulty will be adjusted every few minutes, As a result, the mining equipment is easy to report errors, that is, it generates a lot of R, which reces the efficiency. The P2P pool is a PPLNs mode. You need to submit an effective share to get profit. After submitting an effective share, you can get all the blocks generated within 24 hours. The difficulty of effective share is relatively large. What I reflected in my pool is that 1g of computing power can't dig effective share at all
how to improve the efficiency of P2P pool

1. First of all, as a node mine pool, the mine pool construction itself needs to add node files, showing the number of connections under the bitcoin wallet. After adding nodes, the number of connections can reach dozens or even more, depending on how many nodes you add, effectively recing invalid share
2. How to fix the calculation difficulty of mining equipment for miners? Set it in your mining equipment startup bat
for example, if your single mining equipment is 10g, you can add
/ 1000 + 10 after the user name (wallet address) in the bat file. For example,
- U
/ 1000 + 10
- P
1 in my bat, what does that mean? That is to say, your device is 10g computing power, and you use a fixed difficulty of 10G for mining in P2P pool. If you are a 1g device, write / 1000 + 1 at the back, so the difficulty is fixed and the efficiency of the device is effectively improved.

8. I saw it on a forum and said it was two hours, but the details are not clear

9. Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Finland, Sweden, United Kingdom, Estonia, Latvian, Lithuanian, polish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, Slovenian, Maltese, Cyprus); Add the EFTA member states (Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway); It also includes countries that are preparing to join the EU (Turkey, etc.). How to get CE certification? The following is a series of steps to obtain CE certification. Considering the difference of procts and their dangerous characteristics, several corresponding steps should be paid attention to. First, find out if there are any instructions applicable to your proct. If there is more than one such directive, your proct must comply with one of them. Determine to what extent your proct design and proction must meet the main requirements of the required instructions. Choose a unified assessment process based on the options provided in the instruction. Usually you have to fill in a & quot; Unified evaluation process & quot; Table, which asks you to provide proct characteristics in the form of a series of questions in order to classify its hazard level; At the same time, it includes many options to require manufacturers to confirm their procts and affix CE certification. The unified assessment process table requires that procts with low risk should be provided with a unified statement of self-test and attached with CE certification; The procts with high risk can apply for testing, supervision or other certification from the announcement agency. Choose applicable proct standards and testing methods for procts. If the proct needs to be tested separately, an independent laboratory shall be selected for testing. Set up an authorized representative for your procts in EU countries. Some directives require the manufacturer to appoint a representative in Europe to provide technical documents in time when the customer needs them. These instructions require manufacturers to prepare technical documents. In this way, customers can learn from the documents that the target proct has passed the test and meets the required standards. Prepare a unified declaration, including a package of instructions and standards your procts comply with, proct certification, manufacturer name, address and signature. CE certification itself does not provide details of the proct to the authority. The information in the uniform declaration must be detailed. According to this table, the manufacturer or its authorized representative in the EU can be found. Pasting of CE certification mark. The paste of CE certification mark must be in accordance with the regulations. The regulations indicate the size and pasting position of CE certification mark; Attach the logo to the proct, packaging, materials or documents shipped with the proct; There are restrictions on when and who can paste the CE mark. Who will carry out CE certification? According to the general proct safety directive (92 / 95 / EC), each member state of the EU can use laws, regulations and administrative regulations to ensure the safety and reliability of procts put on the market. As for specific implementation, each country has its own set of methods. Many countries set up special personnel to carry out on-site inspection of the instructions, and accept and handle consumer complaints. In other countries, the return of goods to the place of origin and economic punishment are combined. However, most countries adopt the mechanism of monitoring and training procers and distributors rather than resorting to legal action. Generally, such training is provided by the customer to the manufacturer. EU law stipulates that importers are responsible for the safety of their imported procts, including the machines provided by importers to employees for proction.