Computing power TPS
POW: full name of proof of work
pos: proof of stake
both of them are the consensus mechanism of blockchain and the bookkeeping method of digital currency
the difference is:
1. POW mechanism: workload proof mechanism, that is, the proof of workload, is the requirement that must be met when generating a new transaction information (that is, a new block) to be added to the blockchain. In the blockchain network based on workload proof mechanism, the ability of nodes to obtain the correct numerical solution to generate blocks by calculating the numerical solution of random hash hash is the specific performance of node computing power
POS mechanism: the proof of rights and interests requires the certifier to provide a certain amount of ownership of cryptocurrency. The operation mode of the proof of rights and interests mechanism is that when creating a new block, the miners need to create a "currency right" transaction, and the transaction will send some coins to the miners themselves according to the preset proportion. According to the proportion and time of token owned by each node, the equity proof mechanism reces the mining difficulty of nodes proportionally according to the algorithm, so as to speed up the speed of searching for random numbersextended materials:
the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's ideas, the open source software and the P2P network on it were designed and released. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses the distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses the design of cryptography to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction
EOS is a public chain system at the bottom of blockchain developed by block. One, which is specially designed to support decentralized application of Commerce, and its code is open source
bitcoin is called blockchain 1.0 because it opens up the world of digital cryptocurrency and takes a decisive step from 0 to 1
ethereum is known as blockchain 2.0, because it provides Turing complete virtual machine that can run smart contracts, bringing unlimited possibilities
and EOS is called blockchain 3.0, why? Two words: performance
The positioning of EOS is the slogan of its home page:English: the most powerful infrastructure for decentralized applications
Chinese: the most powerful decentralized application infrastructure
EOS expects to be an enhanced version of Ethereum, a high-throughput intelligent contract platform
although Ethereum has complete functions, it is limited by its design choice. Due to the block output speed of 15 seconds, the transaction throughput is far from large-scale practical level, which is only about 30 ~ 40tps (transaction / s). EOS, on the other hand, has chosen a different technology route, with the goal of achieving a considerable million TPS, which is quite attractive considering visa's actual processing speed of 1700tps
consensus mechanism of EOS
the reason why the throughput of bitcoin and Ethereum is so low is that they are constrained by the application scenario they envision and the consensus mechanism they choose for the scenario - both of them assume that the environment in which the system runs is totally untrustworthy, so they both adopt the consensus mechanism of proof of work
consensus, as the name suggests, is to reach a unified understanding of something - for blockchain, something refers to the confirmation of the transaction - any node to submit a transaction needs everyone's approval
the pow mechanism currently adopted by bitcoin and Ethereum is the design of the legendary Nakamoto Tsung. Under this mechanism, in order to obtain the bookkeeping right and digital currency reward, miners need to constantly dig for the compliant hash value, and confirm and package the transaction data through the consensus of hash value. POW has no access threshold, and any node has equal rights to participate in bookkeeping. Of course, the probability of winning is related to computing power:
the price of ram is based on Bancor algorithm, that is, it is regulated by market supply and demand: if the supply of ram exceeds the demand, more EOS certificates are needed to buy ram, At this time, more EOS certificates can be obtained by selling ram
memory is a consuming resource, which cannot be redeemed and can only be bought and sold. Take the issue of currency on EOS as an example. At present, the issue of currency requires 20m of memory. An EOS can buy 20KB. According to the current storage price, issuing a currency will consume 1000 EOS. This is the source of EOS memory consumption
Course Overview
this course is for friends who are interested in the development of EOS decentralized application. The course covers the core concepts of EOS DAPP development, the development and deployment of smart contracts, and how the front page interacts with EOS blockchain. Finally, a complete DAPP development based on react and EOS is completed
Chapter 1: enter the world of EOS
to understand the core concepts of EOS, such as positioning and characteristics, consensus mechanism, payment computing model, etc
Chapter 2: Hi EOS
understand the overall framework of EOS node software and the functions of node server, wallet server and command-line tools, learn how to configure and start EOS node server and wallet server, and preliminarily understand the use of command-line tools
Chapter 3: wallet, key and account
understand the three core concepts related to personal identity in EOS: wallet, key and account, and learn how to use command-line tools to create wallet, key and account
Chapter 4: development and interaction of smart contracts
understand the concept and function of smart contracts, learn how to write and compile EOS smart contracts, and learn how to deploy and interact with contracts using command-line tools
understand the persistence mechanism of state in EOS smart contract, and learn to use multi index table to save contract state
Chapter 5: issue your own tokens
learn the principle and implementation mechanism of issuing tokens on EOS, and master how to use command-line tools to issue, transfer and view the balance of tokens through practical operation
Chapter 6: use code to interact with smart contract
understand the principle of interaction between application and EOS blockchain, and learn to use JSON RPC interface and eosjs encapsulation library to access EOS blockchain
Chapter 7: DAPP development of practical notes
comprehensively use EOS knowledge, use react to complete a decentralized application of EOS notes, and learn the complete process from requirement analysis to code implementation
The above course address is as follows: EOS tutorialEthereum uses fog computing. The data processing and applications of fog computing are concentrated in the devices at the edge of the network, rather than almost all stored in the cloud, which is an extension concept of cloud computing, which is more in line with the spirit of decentralization of blockchain. If all the storage and operations still stay on the centralized server, then it will not be a real blockchain
recently, the hot "ethereal cat" on Ethereum network has led to the congestion of Ethereum network. The problem is that the TPS concurrency per second of Ethereum is too low. The emergence of ethereumfog with fog computing will break the embarrassing situation of Ethereum network congestion, and add powerful decentralized storage and additional computing power to the chain
the concept of fog computing may be unfamiliar to many chain friends, but it is the most important aspect of ether fog to attract investors. In fact, I have heard about the concept of fog computing for a long time, and I have always thought that fog computing is the future development direction. When it comes to fog computing, we should start with cloud computing. In fact, the cloud computing we see now evolves from the cluster of independent servers, that is, from the original centralized independent servers to large server clusters, but in the final analysis, it is still a form of centralized computing. Compared with cloud computing, which is the evolution of centralized computing, fog computing is to share computing tasks with various computing power devices around us, and realize the evolution of decentralized and distributed computing, which coincides with the philosophy of blockchain itself.
POC consensus mechanism integrates the advantages of pow / POS / dpos, and achieves better coordination of decentralization, efficiency and consistency in different directions, which are difficult to unify in blockchain< br />
1. Decentralization: in the POC consensus mechanism, there is no rigid limit on the number of nodes. The number of nodes is dynamic, and anyone who meets the conditions can join the nodes. Here, each outgoing node is similar to the mine pool in the pow, and can join the consensus in the mine pool by holding interests. In the pow, the pool obtains the bookkeeping rights according to the computing power. In the POC, the chance of all the pools to obtain bookkeeping rights is random and equal, which makes the node distribution of the consensus mechanism of POC more decentralized< br /> < br />
2. Efficiency: the two key factors affecting the efficiency of blockchain network are the degree of wide distribution of nodes and the hardware network resources provided by nodes. In the coordination of these two parameters, POC consensus mechanism introces the credit coefficient mechanism, which directly affects the stability of the node. Therefore, each node and the principals participating in the node will make the most favorable choice for the network to ensure that the node can provide services efficiently and stably. In addition, they will join the node consensus by means of rights and interests, The number of nodes will float in a certain range, which can be adjusted by changing the incentive parameters. When the parameters are fixed, the market will adjust automatically. In these nodes, the dpos principle of random sorting out blocks is integrated, which ensures the security and efficiency of the network and provides higher TPS carrying capacity< br />
3. Consistency: in the POC consensus mechanism, all members can participate in the consensus, and the node can only charge a certain fee to the participants. All people have equal opportunities to participate in the consensus, and the incentive is determined by the equity and node credit coefficient. Nodes and all participants will reach a consensus in order to provide stable node services.
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Zilliqa's positioning is the bottom public chain , and its core competitiveness is to greatly improve the throughput of TPS (i.e. transaction processing speed) through fragmentation technology. In the latest experiment, the processing capacity of zilliqa test network reaches 2488 TPS, which is more than 100 times of Ethereum's maximum speed of 20 TPS and 355 times of bitcoin! Through fragmentation technology, when there are more nodes in the network, the transaction processing speed will be higher. When the number of nodes reaches tens of thousands, transaction speed is very likely to reach the speed of visa, a centralized organization zilliqa project's token name is ZIL, which has been circulated and traded on 23 exchanges. Mainstream exchanges such as fire coin and coin security support it, so it is very convenient to participate. ZIL's maximum supply is 21 billion, of which 12.6 billion will be released directly through contracts, and the other 8.4 billion will be released in the form of mining awards within 10 years
follow " zilliqacn " to learn more about project progress