Pencil blockchain

1. Unknowingly, bitcoin has been in dispute for nearly eight years. Since its birth, people have loved and hated bitcoin. Supporters firmly believe that bitcoin can subvert the existing monetary system, while opponents think it is worthless<

recently, the identity of Satoshi Nakamoto, the father of bitcoin, was accidentally exposed, which made bitcoin, which had graally faded out of the public's view, hot again. However, Craig, an Australian businessman with low-key and simple daily behavior, is still in the market; It took only five days for Craig Wright to admit that he had no courage to give up and prove that he was Nakamoto

not surprisingly, the mystery of "Nakamoto Tsung" will continue

"the twists and turns of Zhongben Cong's identity have not brought significant impact on the bitcoin market," Li Qiyuan, President of bitcoin China (BTCC), said in an interview with the first Financial Daily yesterday (May 9). As an innovative thing, bitcoin has been able to survive and grow steadily in the past few years, marking a kind of success. Liu Shengjun, executive vice president of China Europe Lujiazui Institute of international finance, is worried about the development prospect of bitcoin. "At present, no government is willing to give up its management power and accept bitcoin to replace legal tender."< On November 1, 2008, Nakamoto published a research report in a secret cryptography discussion group, in which the concept of bitcoin was first proposed. In 2009, the world's first bitcoin algorithm software appeared. In just four years after that, the price of bitcoin increased by hundreds or even thousands of times, which eclipsed other investment targets

as the creator of bitcoin, "Nakamoto Tsung" not only grasps the most core technology, but also increases people's curiosity and speculation about his real identity because of its huge wealth brought by about 1 million bitcoins (the current price of one bitcoin is about 2970 yuan)< On May 2, Wright publicly told several major overseas media that he was the so-called "Nakamoto Tsung", the founder of bitcoin, which aroused heated discussion in the market<

(the price trend of bitcoin in the past year)

Wright, 46, is a computer scientist and an entrepreneur. When he introced himself at the 2015 bitcoin investor conference, he said that he was a scholar, engaged in business research, and had a doctor of law and a master's degree in statistics

according to foreign mainstream media, Wright confirmed his identity as "Nakamoto Tsung" from a technical point of view by using the bitcoin owned by the founder of bitcoin. Wright also said publicly that it was not easy to make a decision to disclose his identity, and the reason for his clarification was his love and concern for his work, which he "hoped to eliminate the false legends and worries surrounding bitcoin"

as the Internet world continues to argue about Wright's real identity, the plot takes a major turn< On May 6, Wright suddenly published an open letter entitled "I'm sorry", saying that he "has no courage" to continue to prove his identity as "Nakamoto Tsung"

"I believed that I could end the years of hiding and hiding. However, with the events of the past week fermenting, I was going to publish the evidence that I had the initial block, but I couldn't stand it. I don't have the courage. I can't do it. " Wright said<

Wright once said in his public identity that he did not want money, nor did he want to be famous, nor did he want to be worshipped, but only wanted to be alone. Li Qiyuan told China Business Daily that if he really wanted to live his own life, why did he suddenly choose to expose his identity

obviously, the emergence of Wright has not completely ended the mystery of "Nakamoto" and investors are more concerned about the impact of "Nakamoto" on the price of bitcoin

Gong Ming, the founder of blockchain pencil, told the first financial daily that the identity of "Zhongben cong" will not have a substantial impact on the market, but is more symbolic. Unless "Nakamoto Tsung" sells a lot of bitcoin, it will not have an impact on the price of bitcoin. "From 2009 to now," Nakamoto Tsung "is not a person who has a strong desire for money and will not buy or sell bitcoin because of the high or low value of the currency."< Recently, Zug, a small Swiss town, announced that from July 1 this year, buyers will be allowed to pay for its public services with bitcoin as the payment method. Although there are still great limitations in the scope and amount of this payment method, the small progress is enough to cheer bitcoin's staunch admirers

from the beginning, virtual goods can only be purchased on the Internet, to now, bitcoin can be converted into multi-national currencies, and there are many twists and turns along the way

in February 2014, Mt. GOx, the world's largest bitcoin trading platform at that time, said that bitcoin was stolen e to large-scale hacker attacks, with a total loss of $470 million, and the platform declared bankruptcy. Affected by this, the price of bitcoin plummeted from more than $600 to $102 in just a few seconds, a drop of 83%

in January 2015, bitstamp, one of the most reliable bitcoin trading platforms in the world, was attacked by hackers, resulting in the theft of at least US $5 million of bitcoin, causing panic among some cryptocurrency holders. The openness and security of bitcoin cause instry concern. When the negative news came out, bitcoin was finally recognized by the regulatory authorities

in September 2015, the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) confirmed for the first time that bitcoin and other virtual currencies are defined as commodities, which means that bitcoin is classified as commodities like gold and oil, and trading behavior will comply with all commodity derivatives market rules; In October of the same year, the European Court of justice formally ruled that bitcoin and other virtual currencies in Europe should be exempt from VAT just like traditional currencies. Because according to the relevant provisions of the EU, "currencies, bank bills and coins used as legal tender" do not need to pay VAT. Bitcoin has taken a solid step towards legalization

nevertheless, the market is still worried about whether bitcoin, which reached a historical peak of more than 8000 yuan in 2013, can return to its former glory

at present, the price of bitcoin is hovering around 2900 yuan, which is much more stable than the previous ups and downs, and the trading volume of bitcoin has also dropped significantly

"I don't think bitcoin has changed from hot to cold. Compared with the sharp rise and overheating in 2013, I think it is now the normal price of bitcoin. In 2013, bitcoin rose from tens of dollars in January to thousands of dollars in less than a year, overdrawing the later increase, so it has been falling back after 2013." Gong Ming told the first financial daily

how much is bitcoin worth? It is estimated that bitcoin players, exchanges, mining machine manufacturers and even bitcoin creators can not give an accurate answer

although the value of bitcoin cannot be determined, one thing is certain that the number of bitcoins is certain. Because the "issuance" of bitcoin depends on complex calculation, it is essentially different from the "printing" mode of traditional currency issuance. The total amount of bitcoin graally increases according to the design predetermined rate, and the increase rate graally slows down, and finally reaches the limit of 21 million in 2140. The instry estimates that the total amount has reached 15.5 million

Li Qiyuan believes that the limited number of bitcoin is in sharp contrast to the inflation and the decline in the purchasing power of fiat money caused by the massive printing of money by central banks“ The goal of bitcoin is not to replace the existing currency, but to become a universal digital asset in the world and provide convenience for people's lives. "

it is generally expected that with the departure of short-term speculators, the continuous development of bitcoin related applications and the improvement of infrastructure, the digital currency represented by bitcoin will be in a benign development stage

in addition to bitcoin, there are also outstanding digital currencies such as lightcoin, Ethereum, dogcoin and Ruitai coin.

2.

On September 14, Shanghai blockchain Instry Development Research Alliance (hereinafter referred to as the alliance) was officially established. The alliance is an academic, public welfare, service-oriented and non-profit organization spontaneously and voluntarily composed of enterprises and institutions such as Shanghai urban blockchain policy research, technology research and development, business incubation, and relevant institutions

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the main sponsors of the alliance include Shanghai Institute of development and reform, China financial information center, Wanxiang blockchain laboratory and blockchain pencil; The co sponsors include bumeng (Shanghai) Technology Co., Ltd., bitse, Shanghai Juzhen Financial Information Service Co., Ltd., Shanghai Institute of science, Jiading Instrial Zone Economic Development Co., Ltd. and Lujiazui Internet Finance Association

with the rapid development of the Internet, the proportion of digital assets and digital assets in people's real life is increasing. The characteristics of blockchain, which can not be tampered with and shared, can solve the problems of data authenticity and data ownership, so it is regarded as the best solution for all data related instries, including the financial instry

the alliance is committed to building a platform for cooperation, exchange and dialogue between government departments, relevant enterprises, scientific research institutes, financial institutions and instrial parks, organizing in-depth cooperation among government, instry, University, research and finance, and promoting blockchain instry research, instrial policy support, technology research and development, standard formulation, business incubation, talent cultivation, etc, Attract high-end resource elements of blockchain to gather, promote self-discipline of instry development, create a good environment for the development of blockchain instry, and promote the development of Shanghai into a highland of blockchain technology R & D Application and instrial development with strong domestic and foreign influence

as the world's first commercial blockchain digital asset platform, bumeng actively responded to the call of the government and the needs of the instry and joined the alliance“ The mode of blockchain is free and democratic, but freedom and democracy need to be supervised. " Yang Fan, general manager of bumeng, said, "the reason why bumeng joined the alliance is that he hopes to have a platform for communication with government agencies, and promote the healthy development of the blockchain instry and financial market through communication with relevant government agencies."

as a hot topic of financial technology, Yang Fan provides a scene for the application of blockchain in the financial field: "blockchain technology can provide real and reliable data for the financial field, and has great potential in risk control, credit reference and other big data. At the same time, regulators can also become one of the nodes to better and lower the cost to achieve regulatory purposes and improve efficiency. "

"in the future, bumeng will actively participate in the alliance activities, actively communicate with alliance members through business sharing and other ways, show the public the innovative achievements of blockchain technology and application, and make its own contribution to the development of the alliance." Yang Fan concluded

3.

Bitcoin, English name bitcoin, is a digital currency based on blockchain technology, which is composed of a series of computer-generated complex codes. Like RMB's ￥ and US dollar's $, bitcoin has its own symbol, the "B" in the figure below

The inventor of

bitcoin is Nakamoto. Satoshi Nakamoto is the creator of bitcoin protocol and its related software bitcoin QT. In 2008, he published a paper called "bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system", describing an electronic currency and its algorithm that he called "bitcoin"

In 2009, he released the first bitcoin software and officially launched the bitcoin financial system

In 2010, he graally faded out and handed over the project to other members of the bitcoin community

Nakamoto is believed to hold about one million bitcoins. If the price of each bitcoin was $2W, it was worth $20 billion at one time. So far, his true identity is still unknown to the outside world, that is to say, no one knows who Nakamoto is

bitcoin appeared after the global financial crisis in 2008. In fact, before that, many people have tried electronic currency, digital currency and virtual currency, but they have not succeeded. There are not only technical reasons, but also social environment and economic background reasons. To some extent, it was the 2008 financial crisis that gave birth to bitcoin

4. ICO is a blockchain instry term, full name of initial crypto token offering, which refers to financing by issuing tokens. Because many blockchain projects can issue encrypted tokens to represent some of their project's revenue rights, shares or use rights, they can issue corresponding tokens according to the amount proportion of users, and these tokens can soon be traded in some digital currency exchanges. You can pay attention to the block chain pencil, which should help you understand the instry.

5. Blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm to establish trust and obtain interests between different nodes in the blockchain system
blockchain technology is considered to be the next generation of disruptive core technology after steam engine, power and Internet. If the steam engine has released people's proctivity, the power has solved people's basic living needs, and the Internet has completely changed the way of information transmission, then the blockchain, as a machine for building trust, may completely change the way of value transmission of the whole human society
first, the essence of blockchain is a distributed public ledger
take a popular example to explain that Mr. w's family, including Mr. W, Mrs. W, Mr. w's grandfather and Mrs. w's grandmother, all record their expenses in their respective books. Because Mr. w's family doesn't trust each other. Mr. W is diligent in raising his wife every month, but Mrs. w may receive 1000 yuan, but she receives 100 yuan. Isn't that a big loss
how to solve this problem with blockchain
if Mr. w gives Mrs. w $1000 one day, he just shouts at the whole family that Mr. w gives Mrs. w $1000. Please write down "Mr. w gives Mrs. w $1000" on their respective account books
so everyone in Mr. w's family becomes a node, and every transaction of Mr. w's family is recorded by everyone (each node)
every night who washes the dishes (proof of workload) can settle the bill in the public ledger, and there is a reward for washing the dishes. A new transaction must be added to the universally recognized ledger of the previous day, and other people will also participate in verifying the transactions of the day
Second, it seems very simple, but blockchain may bring revolutionary changes to human society
1. Machine trust
machine trust is actually trust without trust. For the first time in human history, a large-scale cooperation network unprecedented on earth can be established at near zero cost, which is bound to be a great mass movement
2. Value transfer
the emergence of the Internet has made the means of information dissemination achieve a leap, and information has realized efficient flow, but the efficiency of Internet value transfer is still very slow. At present, e-money on the Internet is still the traditional paper money in essence, and transnational payment is still a big problem
the birth of blockchain is the beginning of human value transmission network. It will enable people to transfer value as conveniently and cheaply as information on the Internet, which can be expressed as capital, assets or other forms
3. Smart contract
smart contract can replace all paper contracts, and more importantly, blockchain can perfectly connect the physical world and virtual world. The perfect combination of blockchain, Internet of things and artificial intelligence makes the imagination more huge
the blockchain itself is actually a super platform. The commercial characteristics of building machine trust, value transfer and smart contract on the blockchain are: ① close to zero trust cost. ② The marginal cost of constructing and trading assets tends to zero
so Mark Anderson, a web browser pioneer, said: in 20 years' time, we will talk about blockchain as we talk about the Internet today.

6. I think knowledge is the combination and summary of people's experience and information. When you don't know anything, you should learn more. For example, we have been learning for more than 20 years from a child who knows nothing, from learning to speak, walk, dress and eat, to learning theoretical knowledge of various disciplines and knowledge of various kinds of life. Learn how to live in this world and live better. But when experience accumulates to a certain extent, it will shackle our ideas and creativity. Because a lot of experience has timeliness, it is not necessarily suitable for the present. Especially now the world is changing so fast

so how can we avoid the shackles of thinking because of knowing the stock and improve the dimension of thinking? Hsigu Gong's "high dimensional Thinking: how to solve problems and evolve to find problems" has specific methods to improve the dimension of thinking

"high dimensional Thinking: how to evolve from problem solving to problem finding" clarifies the dilemma of "problem solving" and the thinking of ants from the structure of "knowledge", "ignorance" and "unknown"; This paper introces the "meta thinking method" which is needed to find problems, and describes the understanding of thinking dimension and the methods to improve thinking dimension step by step from four aspects

1 structure elucidation of "knowledge", "ignorance" and "unknown"
known and unknown can be divided into three categories: known known, known unknown and unknown unknown<

known: the answer can be known based on previous knowledge and experience. For example, when we study in the exam, it is proposed that there are standard answers. No matter who remembers the knowledge in the book, they can get good grades. It's standardized
known unknowns: "find answers to questions that have been raised.". For example, if you don't know a word, you just need to look it up in a dictionary to get an accurate answer. It also belongs to those with correct answers. As long as we focus on "how to answer effectively, quickly and accurately", it also belongs to standardization
unknown unknown: starting from the problem itself, find the problem and define it. Starting from the source, we can find the most essential problem in a matter, and focus on the problem itself
this book emphasizes two modes of thinking: "problem solving" and "problem finding"
if the boundary of "problem-solving" is in the known and unknown field, it is difficult to make a breakthrough, because the focus of problem-solving is on the knowledge already mastered, and the process of thinking and solving problems is the combination of all kinds of knowledge. So it's hard to break through the wall of knowledge and think from a higher perspective. People with this mode of thinking often have high efficiency in solving problems, but it is difficult to make any breakthrough in innovation. That's why children are usually more imaginative than alts. Children are in an empty cup state and don't have previous experience to judge things
the starting point of "problem finding" thinking is to explore the essence of things without the influence of existing rules. There is no boundary, so "unknown unknown unknown" is dotted line
remember that brain twister
how to put an elephant in the refrigerator
the standard answer is:
1) open the refrigerator door< 2) put the elephant in the refrigerator
3) close the refrigerator door
how to put giraffes in the refrigerator
the standard answer is:
1) open the refrigerator door
2) take out the elephant
3) put giraffes in
4) close the refrigerator door
have you ever thought of another answer? This book gives another answer
1) buy a new refrigerator< Open the refrigerator door
3) put giraffes in
4) close the refrigerator door
the purpose of this topic is to put giraffes in the refrigerator. In addition, buying a refrigerator can also achieve the goal. It doesn't have to be in the refrigerator before, right. But our thinking is easily affected by the previous refrigerator
the old saying "looking at the old at the age of three" also shows that our thinking is influenced by the environment and personality, and it is difficult to change any more. Hard to change doesn't mean you can't change. The purpose of this book is to improve the dimension of thinking. Let's see more blind areas of our thinking and make changes
2 "thinking of ants" vs "thinking of insects"
the story of the ant and the goblin originated from Aesop's fable. Ants like to store represent problem-solving thinking mode. He who lives in the present represents the thinking mode of discovering problems

1) stock vs flow
stock can be used to describe human, financial, material, rights, knowledge and other resources. Here we focus on knowledge. I always thought that we were all accumulating knowledge. When we were studying, what the school taught us was also accumulating knowledge, reciting and doing exercises. The acquisition of knowledge is from human activities, reading, acting, communicating with people and other channels, and the acquired knowledge needs to be stored. Because it's more difficult to find out if you don't store it< However, the invention of the Internet makes it much easier to acquire conventional knowledge. The open social environment of Internet makes everyone a procer of content. We need to know what, just input keywords on the search engine to get the answer. You can throw it away when you use it. It's easy to search again when you use it again next time
moreover, the world today is not changing fast enough to express how fast the world is changing. A lot of previous knowledge may be out of date in the next second. It's meaningless to remember. Therefore, the slogan of many knowledge payment platforms is "lifelong learning". We need lifelong learning,. Knowledge also becomes the flow of time. The questions that have been answered are flowing in the river of time. We only need to search again to get the answers
the storage and dissemination environment of knowledge in modern society makes knowledge change from stock to flow
2) closed system vs open system
ants with nest is a closed system, with Queen as the center of the system, with clear division of labor and system of workers and soldiers. A closed system has rules, boundaries and assets. For people, they usually have knowledge, assets and status. Only those who have property dare not take the risk of losing it. They have knowledge to form fixed values. They have status and dare not overthrow everything they had before. Otherwise, they will lose everything. As a result, they are more stable and less energetic
there is no nest for Cotinus coggygris, and they live everywhere. It belongs to an open system, without assets, knowledge and status. There is nothing to lose, so they are more adventurous. Without the support of knowledge, there is no fixed value system. On the contrary, it is easier to treat problems objectively from a neutral perspective. Although it gives people a sense of instability, it is full of vitality
a closed system is a world with rules, while an open system is a rebellion against rules. Generally speaking, openness can and is bound to be closed, but closed is difficult to open again
3) fixed dimension vs variable dimension

the physiological structure of ants determines that they can only live on the ground and can't see their own world from the perspective of overlooking. When they encounter a wall they can't cross, they have no way to get out
the back legs and wings with bouncing power can be used to cross the wall. They can also move in a two-dimensional world without hind legs and wings. You can overlook your previous world from a higher dimension. The feature of dimension elevation is that the number of variables increases, and the dimension may be more abstract. Imagine it as a mathematical coordinate. There are only two variables X and Y in two dimensions, and three variables X, y and Z in three dimensions
taking the purpose and means as an example, problem-solving ants focus on means and make efforts to cooperate with them to achieve the purpose. We should find the problem-based problem, focus on the purpose, and find the best way to solve the problem around the purpose
looking down on yourself from a higher dimension and finding your own problems is the highest rank in solving problems. It's also the ultimate goal of this book
3 "meta thinking method" needed to find problems
"Yuan" has the meaning of beginning and source in Chinese. January is called January. In a dream of Red Mansions, Jia Yuanchun was born on the first day of the first month, so he is called Yuanchun
I think "meta thinking" here also means thinking from the source and tracing back to the source. The high dimensional thinking advocated in this book is to start thinking from finding problems. Finding problems is the most effective way to find the essential purpose< This book shares three ways to improve dimensions:
1) "abstraction and analogy" to improve dimensions
the so-called abstraction is to extract concrete concepts for easy understanding
for example,
a math problem, 3 ballpoint pens and 2 pencils, 8 yuan, 5 ballpoint pens and 4 ballpoint pens, 14 yuan. What's the unit price of ballpoint pen and pencil
we can quickly establish a binary linear equation. This equation is an abstract concept. It's much easier to set up an equation to solve a problem than to count with fingers. The introction of two hypothetical variables X and Y in the equation makes things much easier, and it is better to solve the values of the two variables clearly
analogy is to get inspiration from things that seem to be different. Radar, for example, is inspired by bats. Analogy is to find things under the surface, the relevant place
2) the axis of thinking can be thought of as the coordinate axis in mathematics. If you increase the number of variables on the axis, the dimension increases. By classifying the variables with similar characteristics, the analysis is easy to sort out the problem
3) the essence of problem discovery is to find out the real problem and ask "why" at least five times
asking more questions about why can promote our in-depth thinking and understand the essence of the problem. Break away from the bondage of superficial problems and examine things with a broader vision. In order to find the best way to solve the problem.

7. Yes, Wang Feng said: Wang Donglin is a well-known scientist and successful entrepreneur. He has created many milestones in China's IT instry and won many national honors. He has strong research ability and a deep understanding of the integration of blockchain technology and business. He has led the yottachain team out of the road of success. Blockchain practitioners should learn from him. Looking at the history of Zhongguancun, Wang Donglin is a "technology champion" recorded in it. He was the pioneer of China's digital document technology, and now his scholar technology is fighting in the wave of digital transformation.