Blockchain Technology Foundation

1. First of all, we can take a look at the official website explanation of blockchain technology. In a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential way according to the time sequence, and it is a distributed account book that can not be tampered with and forged by means of cryptography
broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm, which uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contract composed of automated script code to program and operate data
as we all know, blockchain technology is an independent underlying architecture from bitcoin system. From the perspective of architecture model, it is a set of distributed ledger, which is naturally used for bookkeeping
in the blockchain technology, if you want to generate accounting records, you need to have the transaction and flow of funds. Therefore, in the initial blockchain technology, the cryptocurrency corresponding to the main network is used as circulation goods, and the circulation transaction records of cryptocurrency between the accounts of the main network of the blockchain will be recorded on the main network
different from other transaction record databases, transaction records on the main network of blockchain technology will be recorded on all block nodes (i.e. all data blocks) in the main network, which is the so-called decentralization principle. That is to say, in blockchain technology, there is no central database to store all records, Every block on the chain has the transaction data of the whole chain, that is to say, every data block is the center
another feature of blockchain technology is that it can't be tampered with, because every transaction on the blockchain will be recorded in all blocks on the chain, so no single data block can change the record. Even if you change it, all other data blocks will also record real data, and each group of data can be traced back to the first time
because of these characteristics of blockchain technology, after the advent of bitcoin, blockchain has also attracted a lot of attention, and many people also began to want to use blockchain technology to make a centerless, traceable and unchangeable data, so as to ensure the credibility of the data
however, blockchain technology also faces many problems, such as single application scenario, non modifiable original error data, non recoverable currency stolen by hackers, etc.

2.

From the perspective of technology and architecture, I will tell you my understanding of blockchain in common language

what is blockchain? In a word, blockchain is a storage system. To be more specific, blockchain is a distributed storage system without an administrator and each node has all the data

What are the common storage systems like

first, how to ensure high availability

the common storage system usually uses "rendancy" to solve the problem of high availability. As shown in the figure above, if the data can be copied into several copies and rendant to multiple places, high availability can be guaranteed. The data in one place is hung, and there is data in other places. For example, the master-slave cluster of MySQL is the same principle, and the raid of disk is also the same principle

two points need to be emphasized in this place are: data rendancy often leads to consistency problems

1. For example, in the master-slave cluster of MySQL, there is actually a delay in reading and writing, which means there is a inconsistency in reading and writing in a short period of time. This is a side effect of data rendancy

The second point is that data rendancy often reces the efficiency of writing, because data synchronization also consumes resources. If you add two slave libraries, the write efficiency will be affected. The common storage system is to use rendancy to ensure the high availability of data

so the second question, ordinary storage system, can write more

the answer is yes, for example, take this graph as an example:

in fact, MySQL can do a master-slave synchronization of al masters, master-slave synchronization of al masters, two nodes can be written at the same time. If you want to do a multi room multi live data center, in fact, multi room multi live data synchronization. What we should emphasize here is that multi-point writing often leads to the consistency problem of writing conflicts. Take MySQL as an example, suppose that the attribute of a table is self incrementing ID, then the data in the database is 1234 now. If one of the nodes writes and inserts a piece of data, it may become 5, and then these 5 pieces of data are synchronized to another master node, Before synchronization, if another write node inserts a piece of data, a piece of data with self incrementing ID of 5 will be generated. Then, after the generation, synchronize to another node, and the synchronized data will conflict with the two local 5's after it arrives, which will lead to synchronization failure and write consistency conflict. This problem will occur in the case of multi-point writing

how to ensure consistency in multi-point writing

the reform "Swan class" gives you more technical work

3.

1. Application of blockchain technology in the banking instry the biggest feature of blockchain technology is decentralization, which will rece a lot of costs for the banking instry. The development of digital currency will make it possible for banks to realize real-time digital transactions. For example, in bill transaction, bank bill transaction always relies on the third party to realize the transfer of valuable documents. Even in electronic bill transaction,

also needs to be authenticated through the information of central bank ECDs system. The blockchain technology can realize the point-to-point value transmission, which no longer needs centralized system control. This not only speeds up the bill transmission speed, but also reces the mistakes caused by human factors. The rection of process will naturally rece the demand of the bank for personnel and save the labor cost of the bank

2, the application of blockchain technology in the insurance instry

blockchain technology also has incomparable advantages in the insurance instry. From the perspective of data management, the application of blockchain technology can effectively improve the risk management and control ability of insurance companies, including the risk supervision of insurance companies and the risk management of policyholders

the application of blockchain technology in the insurance instry can strengthen the internal risk supervision of insurance companies. Blockchain technology can record the daily operation process of insurance company on the node, realize the in-process control of the company's capital flow, investment situation, compensation amount and other business, and improve the company's risk management and control ability

3. Application of blockchain technology in the securities instry

4, blockchain technology and financial infrastructure

blockchain technology is a decentralized mechanism for value exchange, which will lead to earth shaking changes in the existing financial infrastructure characterized by centralization

5. Application of blockchain technology in supply chain, It has become an effective guarantee for enterprise bank's loan credit, financing credit and transaction credit

4. The era of blockchain 1.0 is the era of digital currency, and its technical basis is as follows:
1.
Lianzhuang data block structure based on blocks
2.
network wide shared ledger
3.
asymmetric encryption
4.
source code open source
the technical basis of blockchain 2.0 era is as follows:
1.
smart contract; It is an application in the blockchain system. It is a business logic that can run automatically by coding. It usually has its own token and special development language<
2
3.
virtual machine: it is used to execute the compiled code of smart contract. Virtual machine is Turing complete
with the application and deepening of blockchain technology, the era of blockchain 3.0 has come. The mode of blockchain cooperation can be seen from behind the operation of all walks of life. Therefore, blockchain will change the way of human life widely and profoundly, so the whole life service will enter the era of blockchain. In the process of Internet development, blockchain + physical instry, blockchain e-commerce and blockchain community operation can be applied to blockchain technology
of course, 3.0 came into being with the development of modern cryptography. Today's applied cryptography is the result of cryptography 20 years ago. Therefore, in order to apply blockchain technology to more participation scenarios, especially in Internet economy and other aspects, more verification is needed to verify whether the existing encryption technology can meet the demand, and more in-depth integration of cryptographic frontier technology and continuous innovation are needed.

5.

A: the basic characteristics of blockchain

I. decentralization
blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage

Second, openness

the foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of all parties involved in the transaction is encrypted, the data of blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent

Third, independence

based on consensus specifications and Protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as hash algorithm used by bitcoin), the whole blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and safely verify and exchange data in the system without any human intervention

Four, safety

as long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, the network data cannot be arbitrarily controlled and modified, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes

5. Anonymity

unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and the information transmission can be anonymous

6. GT has no erc20 token on Ethereum

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