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What are Guizhou blockchain technology companies
Publish: 2021-03-27 10:37:23
1. Ink crystal should be a kind of crystal, a hard, transparent mineral, is a valuable instrial raw material
here are some descriptions of the inkstone carving http://www.sinoct.com/hometown/homeshow.asp?id=14924
here are some descriptions of the inkstone carving http://www.sinoct.com/hometown/homeshow.asp?id=14924
2. If it's raw stone, the general quality (small particles and soft cracks) of Baijing is about 20 yuan per kilogram. If it's bracelet, I bought a better Baijing bracelet, 12mm, 20 yuan, which is less than 1 yuan per gram based on 25g. If it is more high-end varieties, such as garnet, amethyst, green ghost, the lowest quality of about 3 yuan a gram.
3.
when it comes to bitcoin, it must be familiar to everyone. Bitcoin is not a real money, but a virtual currency. Although it is a virtual currency, the value of bitcoin has risen sharply in recent years. In China, there is such a richest man with more than 100000 bitcoins. Do you know who he is
maybe many people don't know that as early as 2017, the value of bitcoin has risen to 171. According to this calculation, Li Xiaolai's 100000 bitcoins can also be converted into hundreds of millions of assets. It can be said that he will become a billionaire in an instant, which is amazing
4. Your conclusion is not clear whether it is the thanks or the conclusion. In the conclusion part, I will write a summary of the whole thesis topic, and briefly express my feelings. Thanks is written in the graation project in the process of people who need to thank to say some words of thanks!
5. The currency of ancient China has a long history of using currency in China, which has graally developed into a unique style of currency culture in thousands of years of historical evolution, and has had a great impact on many surrounding countries and regions
it is generally believed that in the Xia and Shang Dynasties, China had money. The earliest currency in China was mainly physical currency. At that time, the currency with the widest circulation, the largest quantity and the longest time was shellfish. Shell, smooth and beautiful, strong and wear-resistant, easy to carry, easy to count. There are a large number of shells unearthed in the sites of Xia and Shang Dynasties, and there are also records about shells in the ancient documents of Shang and Zhou dynasties. In Chinese characters, most of the characters related to value begin with "Bei"
with the rapid development of commodity exchange, the demand for money is increasing, and seashells can not meet people's demand. In the late Shang Dynasty, people began to imitate seashells with copper, and bronze imitation became the earliest metal coin in China. With the extensive use of coinage by workers, seashells, as a kind of natural currency, graally withdrew from China's currency stage. From the appearance of Tongbei in Shang Dynasty to the Warring States period, e to the dominance of vassals, China's currency graally formed four unique currency systems, namely shovel coin, Dao coin, ring coin and Chu coin (yuan Jin and Yi Bi Qian)< After the unification of China by Qin Dynasty, the first emperor of Qin Dynasty promulgated the earliest monetary law of China in 210 B.C., which abolished the formal currency of various countries and designated gold and copper as the unified currency. Gold was used to pay for large transactions, while copper money, half of the round square hole of Qin, was used in daily life. The circulation of Qin banliang coins with round square holes in the whole country ended the disordered state of different shapes and great weight differences of ancient Chinese coins, which was a significant evolution from disordered shape to standard shape in the history of ancient Chinese coins. The shape of this round square hole determined by the Qin banliang coins continued until the early Republic of China
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty regained the minting right of the prefectures in the fifth year of Yuanshou (118 BC) and minted five baht coins by the central government. On the surface of the round square hole, the word "five baht" was cast, which determined the unified management of coin casting and issuance by the central government. Wuzhu money has been used in the period of emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty for more than 700 years. It is the longest used and most successful currency in ancient China< In 621, Li Yuan was determined to reform the currency system, abolish the five baht coin, and cast "Kaiyuan Tongbao" coin“ The four words "Kaiyuan Tongbao" were written by Ouyang Xun in the early Tang Dynasty. The so-called "Kaiyuan" means to create a new era, while "Tongbao" refers to the general treasure in a unified country. Kaiyuan Tongbao is a reverse of the old system of Qin and Han Dynasties. The weight of money is not written in the text (the weight of money is usually clearly indicated in the text of money since Qin and Han dynasties). It is the evolution of ancient Chinese money from the weight of documents to Tongbao and Yuanbao. Kaiyuan Tongbao coin is the earliest Tongbao coin in China. It was cast in July of the fourth year of Wude (621 A.D.) in Tang Dynasty. It has a history of about 300 years and has never been interrupted. This is also rare in the history of currency. Since then, copper coins in China no longer use money to mark the weight, but use Tongbao and Yuanbao. It has been used until the "Tongbao of the Republic of China" after the 1911 Revolution
the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" in the Tang Dynasty ushered in a new era in the monetary history of China. From then on, the bronze coinage broke away from the tradition of renaming with banliang and wuzhu, and began to transform to abstraction and symbolization“ "Kaiyuan Tongbao" also sets up the standard image of Chinese currency in shape and weight. It takes one coin as the legal weight unit, and weighs one or two for every ten coins. The decimals of ten yuan or two came into being and had a profound influence on later generations
in the Northern Song Dynasty, e to the shortage of copper materials, there was a shortage of money. In order to make up for the shortage of copper money, the government cast a large number of iron coins in some areas, and iron coins and copper coins coexisted. According to the records of the history of Song Dynasty, the cast iron coins in Sichuan at that time always weighed 25 Jin and 8 Liang. To buy a piece of silk in Sichuan, you have to pay 130 Jin of iron. Iron money is so heavy and inconvenient that paper money "Jiaozi" came into being in Sichuan“ Jiaozi uses a unified paper, has a certain shape, is printed with complex patterns, and has anti-counterfeiting secret records“ The appearance of "Jiaozi" is an important evolution from metal currency to paper currency in ancient Chinese currency history“ Jiaozi is not only the earliest paper currency in China, but also the earliest paper currency in the world
Kublai Khan, the emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, established a unified banknote system and issued "Zhongtong Yuanbao banknotes", which made the Yuan Dynasty the first dynasty to adopt a unified banknote as its basic monetary system< In the early Ming Dynasty, silver was not a legal currency, and gold and silver trading was forbidden. During the reign of emperor Yingzong of Ming Dynasty, the ban on using silver was lifted. So far, silver, as a currency and a measure of value, officially gained its legal status. In the late Ming Dynasty, silver was popular in the whole society and occupied a dominant position in the field of currency circulation
in the first 100 years of the Qing Dynasty, the ingot shaped silver ingots cast in the late Ming Dynasty were still used in various places. At that time, there were various shapes and qualities of silver in circulation on the market. Those weighing less than one or two were called scattered silver pieces, while those weighing from one or two to five Liang were called small pieces, which were used for general trading; For bulk trading, it is a kind of national fake standard silver, which weighs about ten liang of ingots and fifty liang of Yuanbao. When paying, it must be converted into silver and then converted into pure silver, so as to complete the exchange of value for money. It is very inconvenient to use
before and after the outbreak of the Opium War, foreign silver dollars were successively imported into the mainland of China. There were dozens of silver dollars in circulation in the local market, such as Benyang in Spain, Ma Jianyang in the Netherlands, zhanrenyang in Britain, Yingyang in Mexico, Longyang in Japan, etc. As foreign silver counts the value of a piece, it is not necessary to weigh it when it is used, so the people are willing to accept it. For most of the 19th century, it became a choice of currency in China, and also became the catalyst of China's self casting silver dollar. In the years of Daoguang and Xianfeng, imitation silver rose from coastal cities with frequent trade with foreign merchants, and then spread to all parts of the country. It is called Guangban in Guangzhou, fuban in Fuzhou and Hangban in Hangzhou. Among them, the one supervised by Shanghai Daotai is the most regular, with the weight roughly in line with foreign silver dollars. In this situation, in order to maintain national dignity and maintain the monetary system, the Qing government began to plan to cast its own silver< During the reign of Guangxu, Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Guangdong and Guangdong provinces, founded the Guangdong money Bureau in Guangzhou, bought British machines and began to cast silver yuan called Guangxu Yuanbao, which was worth 1 million yuan that year. This is the beginning of China's official casting of silver dollar by machine, and also the origin of modern monetary unit system. The back of Guangxu Yuanbao is decorated with flat dragon pattern, which is also made of imitation silver, so it is called Longyang. After that, the Qing government set up a general foundry of silver coins in Tianjin to manufacture silver coins. The emergence of mechanism currency in the late Qing Dynasty is an important evolution from hand coinage to machine coinage. From then on, not only did great changes take place in the process of casting coins, but also the round square hole coins that had been in circulation for more than 2000 years died.
it is generally believed that in the Xia and Shang Dynasties, China had money. The earliest currency in China was mainly physical currency. At that time, the currency with the widest circulation, the largest quantity and the longest time was shellfish. Shell, smooth and beautiful, strong and wear-resistant, easy to carry, easy to count. There are a large number of shells unearthed in the sites of Xia and Shang Dynasties, and there are also records about shells in the ancient documents of Shang and Zhou dynasties. In Chinese characters, most of the characters related to value begin with "Bei"
with the rapid development of commodity exchange, the demand for money is increasing, and seashells can not meet people's demand. In the late Shang Dynasty, people began to imitate seashells with copper, and bronze imitation became the earliest metal coin in China. With the extensive use of coinage by workers, seashells, as a kind of natural currency, graally withdrew from China's currency stage. From the appearance of Tongbei in Shang Dynasty to the Warring States period, e to the dominance of vassals, China's currency graally formed four unique currency systems, namely shovel coin, Dao coin, ring coin and Chu coin (yuan Jin and Yi Bi Qian)< After the unification of China by Qin Dynasty, the first emperor of Qin Dynasty promulgated the earliest monetary law of China in 210 B.C., which abolished the formal currency of various countries and designated gold and copper as the unified currency. Gold was used to pay for large transactions, while copper money, half of the round square hole of Qin, was used in daily life. The circulation of Qin banliang coins with round square holes in the whole country ended the disordered state of different shapes and great weight differences of ancient Chinese coins, which was a significant evolution from disordered shape to standard shape in the history of ancient Chinese coins. The shape of this round square hole determined by the Qin banliang coins continued until the early Republic of China
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty regained the minting right of the prefectures in the fifth year of Yuanshou (118 BC) and minted five baht coins by the central government. On the surface of the round square hole, the word "five baht" was cast, which determined the unified management of coin casting and issuance by the central government. Wuzhu money has been used in the period of emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty for more than 700 years. It is the longest used and most successful currency in ancient China< In 621, Li Yuan was determined to reform the currency system, abolish the five baht coin, and cast "Kaiyuan Tongbao" coin“ The four words "Kaiyuan Tongbao" were written by Ouyang Xun in the early Tang Dynasty. The so-called "Kaiyuan" means to create a new era, while "Tongbao" refers to the general treasure in a unified country. Kaiyuan Tongbao is a reverse of the old system of Qin and Han Dynasties. The weight of money is not written in the text (the weight of money is usually clearly indicated in the text of money since Qin and Han dynasties). It is the evolution of ancient Chinese money from the weight of documents to Tongbao and Yuanbao. Kaiyuan Tongbao coin is the earliest Tongbao coin in China. It was cast in July of the fourth year of Wude (621 A.D.) in Tang Dynasty. It has a history of about 300 years and has never been interrupted. This is also rare in the history of currency. Since then, copper coins in China no longer use money to mark the weight, but use Tongbao and Yuanbao. It has been used until the "Tongbao of the Republic of China" after the 1911 Revolution
the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" in the Tang Dynasty ushered in a new era in the monetary history of China. From then on, the bronze coinage broke away from the tradition of renaming with banliang and wuzhu, and began to transform to abstraction and symbolization“ "Kaiyuan Tongbao" also sets up the standard image of Chinese currency in shape and weight. It takes one coin as the legal weight unit, and weighs one or two for every ten coins. The decimals of ten yuan or two came into being and had a profound influence on later generations
in the Northern Song Dynasty, e to the shortage of copper materials, there was a shortage of money. In order to make up for the shortage of copper money, the government cast a large number of iron coins in some areas, and iron coins and copper coins coexisted. According to the records of the history of Song Dynasty, the cast iron coins in Sichuan at that time always weighed 25 Jin and 8 Liang. To buy a piece of silk in Sichuan, you have to pay 130 Jin of iron. Iron money is so heavy and inconvenient that paper money "Jiaozi" came into being in Sichuan“ Jiaozi uses a unified paper, has a certain shape, is printed with complex patterns, and has anti-counterfeiting secret records“ The appearance of "Jiaozi" is an important evolution from metal currency to paper currency in ancient Chinese currency history“ Jiaozi is not only the earliest paper currency in China, but also the earliest paper currency in the world
Kublai Khan, the emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, established a unified banknote system and issued "Zhongtong Yuanbao banknotes", which made the Yuan Dynasty the first dynasty to adopt a unified banknote as its basic monetary system< In the early Ming Dynasty, silver was not a legal currency, and gold and silver trading was forbidden. During the reign of emperor Yingzong of Ming Dynasty, the ban on using silver was lifted. So far, silver, as a currency and a measure of value, officially gained its legal status. In the late Ming Dynasty, silver was popular in the whole society and occupied a dominant position in the field of currency circulation
in the first 100 years of the Qing Dynasty, the ingot shaped silver ingots cast in the late Ming Dynasty were still used in various places. At that time, there were various shapes and qualities of silver in circulation on the market. Those weighing less than one or two were called scattered silver pieces, while those weighing from one or two to five Liang were called small pieces, which were used for general trading; For bulk trading, it is a kind of national fake standard silver, which weighs about ten liang of ingots and fifty liang of Yuanbao. When paying, it must be converted into silver and then converted into pure silver, so as to complete the exchange of value for money. It is very inconvenient to use
before and after the outbreak of the Opium War, foreign silver dollars were successively imported into the mainland of China. There were dozens of silver dollars in circulation in the local market, such as Benyang in Spain, Ma Jianyang in the Netherlands, zhanrenyang in Britain, Yingyang in Mexico, Longyang in Japan, etc. As foreign silver counts the value of a piece, it is not necessary to weigh it when it is used, so the people are willing to accept it. For most of the 19th century, it became a choice of currency in China, and also became the catalyst of China's self casting silver dollar. In the years of Daoguang and Xianfeng, imitation silver rose from coastal cities with frequent trade with foreign merchants, and then spread to all parts of the country. It is called Guangban in Guangzhou, fuban in Fuzhou and Hangban in Hangzhou. Among them, the one supervised by Shanghai Daotai is the most regular, with the weight roughly in line with foreign silver dollars. In this situation, in order to maintain national dignity and maintain the monetary system, the Qing government began to plan to cast its own silver< During the reign of Guangxu, Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Guangdong and Guangdong provinces, founded the Guangdong money Bureau in Guangzhou, bought British machines and began to cast silver yuan called Guangxu Yuanbao, which was worth 1 million yuan that year. This is the beginning of China's official casting of silver dollar by machine, and also the origin of modern monetary unit system. The back of Guangxu Yuanbao is decorated with flat dragon pattern, which is also made of imitation silver, so it is called Longyang. After that, the Qing government set up a general foundry of silver coins in Tianjin to manufacture silver coins. The emergence of mechanism currency in the late Qing Dynasty is an important evolution from hand coinage to machine coinage. From then on, not only did great changes take place in the process of casting coins, but also the round square hole coins that had been in circulation for more than 2000 years died.
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