How to set up chicken block chain platform
Flat chicken raising is a kind of chicken raising form which is widely used in our country at present. Flat chicken house is generally required to face south. If possible, a sports ground with an area of 2.5 times that of chicken house can be set up in the south of the house
in daily management, in addition to improving the ventilation, cold insulation, light and reasonable feeding density of the chicken house, we should also pay attention to the use of the time of releasing and feeding chickens every day, carefully observe the health status of the chickens, and take measures as soon as possible. We should try our best to keep the relative stability of the environmental conditions, fix people and groups, release chickens regularly and feed them on time; When working, the breeders should be gentle. They should not catch the chicken or change the henhouse when the temperature is high. When catching the chicken, they should catch and put it lightly; The breeders in different chicken houses do not visit each other to avoid stimulation and shock; The chicken house should be equipped with enough feeding trough and water dispenser, and should be washed and disinfected frequently; Every 4-6 hens should have an egg nest. They should pick eggs frequently and change the straw in the box frequently. After the last egg picking in the afternoon, the egg box should be closed to prevent the hens from staying overnight in the box
chicken farm wastes mainly include: 1) chicken manure and sewage; ② Waste from proction process and proct processing, such as stillbirth, eggshell, feather, viscera, etc; ③ The carcasses of chickens were mainly those died of diseases; ④ Waste bedding material; ⑤ Harmful gases and st emitted from chicken farms and henhouses; ⑥ Dust discharged from feed processing plant. These wastes are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and all kinds of organic matter. They are easy to rot and often carry pathogenic microorganisms. If it is not handled properly, it will cause great pollution to water (surface water), soil, air and other environmental factors, which will not only worsen the sanitary condition of the small environment, but also cause serious pollution to the surrounding environment. For the treatment of chicken farm waste, we must follow the principle of combining development and utilization, turning harm into benefit and waste into treasure, which can not only improve the social benefits of chicken instry, but also increase economic benefits. The waste of chicken farm will be harmless and resourceful
1. The basic requirements of chicken manure processing
the chicken manure procts should be easy to store and transport, and should be processed and dried; It must be insecticidal and sterilized, meet the hygiene standard, and have no bad smell; The nutritional components of chicken manure should be preserved as much as possible; The processing of chicken manure can not cause secondary pollution
(1) livestock manure treatment facilities or livestock manure treatment farms must be provided for the construction, expansion and reconstruction of farms and breeding areas. If there is no treatment facility or treatment field in the established livestock and poultry farm, it shall be supplemented in time. It is forbidden to build livestock and poultry manure treatment farms in the following areas: domestic water source protection areas, scenic spots, core areas and buffer areas of nature reserves; Urban and urban residential areas, including cultural and ecational research area, medical area, commercial area, instrial area, tourist area and other densely populated areas; Prohibited areas designated by the people's government at the county level according to law; Other areas that need special protection according to national or local laws and regulations. Livestock and poultry manure treatment facilities and livestock and poultry manure treatment plants built by the unit alone near the forbidden area shall be located in the downwind or crosswind direction of the perennial dominant wind direction of the forbidden area, and the minimum distance between the field boundary and the boundary of the forbidden area shall not be less than 500 meters
(2) the layout of the treatment site should be designed in accordance with NY / T 682, and the facilities should be located in the downwind or crosswind direction of the annual dominant wind direction in the proction area and living management area of the farm, with a distance of more than 100 meters from the main proction facilities
(3) for the collection of feces, advanced fecal cleaning technology should be adopted in the construction, expansion and reconstruction of livestock and poultry farms and breeding areas, so as to avoid the mixing of livestock and poultry feces with flushing and other sewage, and rece the discharge of pollutants. The defecation technology should be improved step by step in the established farms and breeding areas. In the process of livestock manure collection and transportation, we must take measures to prevent environmental pollution, such as prevention of scattering, loss and leakage
(4) special storage facilities should be set up for livestock manure proced by livestock farms; Storage facilities for liquid and solid wastes should be set up respectively in livestock farms, breeding areas or livestock manure treatment farms. The storage facilities for livestock manure must be located more than 400 meters away from the surface water; Obvious signs, fences and other protective facilities should be set up in livestock manure storage facilities to ensure the safety of human and livestock; The storage facilities must have enough space to store feces. The reserved space shall be set under the following conditions of minimum storage volume. Generally, the depth or height shall be increased by 0.5m on the premise of meeting the minimum capacity (for solid feces storage facilities, the minimum volume is the sum of total feces proction and bedding volume ring the storage period; For liquid feces storage facilities, the minimum volume is the sum of feces proction and sewage discharge ring the storage period. For open-air liquid feces storage, the precipitation ring the storage period must be considered; When using farmland, the minimum volume of livestock manure storage facilities should not be less than the total amount of manure proced in the longest interval of local agricultural proction and use; Anti seepage treatment must be carried out for livestock manure storage facilities to prevent groundwater pollution; Rain (water) proof measures should be taken for livestock manure storage facilities; There should be no secondary pollution ring storage, and its odor emission should comply with GB 18596
(5) it is forbidden to apply livestock manure without harmless treatment directly into farmland. After composting, livestock manure must meet the hygienic requirements of table 6-7; The solid manure of livestock and poultry is cheap, and the technologies such as strip pile composting, mechanically enhanced trough composting and closed bin composting are used for harmless treatment. The livestock and poultry manure treatment farms, breeding areas and livestock and poultry manure treatment farms can choose according to the actual situation of funds and land occupation (strip pile composting is adopted, and the fermentation temperature is above 45 ℃ for no less than 14 days; the fermentation time is not less than 10 days); The time of keeping fermentation temperature above 50 ℃ should not be less than 7 days, or the time of keeping fermentation temperature above 45 ℃ should not be less than 14 days; Biogas fermentation, high efficiency anaerobic, aerobic, natural biological treatment and other technologies can be used for harmless treatment of liquid livestock manure. After treatment, the supernatant and sediment should be comprehensively utilized in agriculture to avoid secondary pollution; The treated supernatant should meet the requirements of GB 5084 when used as irrigation water; When the treated sewage is directly discharged, it shall comply with the provisions of GB 18596); When the livestock manure after harmless treatment is used in farmland, the comprehensive utilization planning should be carried out according to the local environmental capacity and crop demand; The proction of commercial organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer from harmless treated livestock manure must meet the requirements of NY 525 and GB 18877; Second pollution should be avoided when livestock manure is used to proce other biomass energy or to recycle other types of resources.
Flat chicken house has the advantages of less investment, simple drinking and feeding equipment, high utilization rate and convenient observation of chickens. It is suitable for professional chicken raising. It is a common feeding method for broilers in China. There are two kinds of feeding: flat feeding and high bed feeding
(1) flat rearing on the ground is a common way to raise broilers, which is suitable for small and medium-sized broiler farms and chicken farmers. The method is to lay a layer of 5-10 cm thick bedding material on the ground of the chicken house. It should be noted that the bedding material should not be too thick, so as not to hinder the activities of the chickens, or even the chickens may be covered by the bedding material and cause accidents. With the increase of chicken age, the bedding material was trampled, the thickness decreased, and the feces increased. Generally, after 2-3 weeks of age, it is added every 3-5 days to make the thickness of bedding material reach 15-20 cm. Because of less padding and more feces, the henhouse is easy to be wet, and the ammonia concentration will exceed the standard, which will affect the growth and development of broilers, and easily cause disease outbreaks, and even cause a large number of deaths. At the same time, the wet and thin padding is easy to cause breast cyst of broilers. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to supplement new bedding materials at any time. For bedding materials caked e to feces, it is necessary to loosen them with a rake in time to prevent hardening. Special attention should be paid to prevent the mat material from being wet. First, there should be a waterproof layer on the ground structure. Secondly, the management of the water dispenser should be strengthened to control any water leakage and wet the mat material when the chicken drinks. Commonly used as bedding materials are sawst, chaff, bagasse, dry weeds, straw and so on. In a word, the cushion material should be water absorbent, dry and clean, non-toxic, non irritating, no mildew and so on. After each batch of broilers are put on the market, the padding should be completely removed and replaced. The advantages of flat rearing on the ground are as follows: first, the heat proced by the fermentation of bedding material and feces can increase the room temperature, which is beneficial to the resistance of broilers to cold; Second, the activity of microorganisms in the bedding can proce vitamin B < sub > 12 < / sub >, which is one of the indispensable nutrients for broilers. When broilers dig over the bedding, they can get vitamin B < sub > 12 < / sub > from the bedding; The third is that the thick bedding feeding method does not have high requirements on the construction equipment of chicken house, which can save investment and rece costs, and is suitable for professional households; Fourth, the chickens move on the soft cushion. The incidence of leg diseases and chest cysts was low, and the qualification rate of broilers was high. The disadvantages of ground level rearing are as follows: first, chickens are easy to develop coccidiosis, pullorum and other diseases e to contact with feces; Second, it covers a large area, and it is difficult to source and deal with padding materials; Third, the labor intensity is high and the proction efficiency is low. On the ground of the ordinary chicken house, the feed trough and sink are placed, the bedding is laid, and the temperature supply equipment is installed
(2) the high bed was raised at a height of 60-80 cm above the ground, and the bed frame was set up with wooden strips, bamboo strips or small round bamboos. The wooden strips were covered with plastic nets, and the bed frame was surrounded by plastic nets to prevent chickens from falling from the frame. The palisade gap was 1-1.5 cm in the young stage and 2-2.5 cm in the fattening stage; The mesh of plastic mesh is 2.5cm × 2.5 cm. Chickens feed, drink and rest on the bed frame. There are four advantages in raising broilers on the Internet: first, it can save bedding material; Second, the chicken body does not touch the feces, and the feces leak from the grid or mesh, so there is no need to clean the feces every day, and the chicken does not touch the feces, so the chance of infection is greatly reced. It is convenient for epidemic prevention and can effectively control the occurrence of some diseases; Third, it can improve the utilization rate of the field; Fourth, broilers have small range of activities, less energy consumption and fast growth. The disadvantage of high bed feeding is that it is prone to chest cyst and leg disease, which should be paid attention to. Many specialized households adopt the way of raising young in high bed and fattening on the ground, which is very effective in preventing the occurrence of chest cyst and leg disease and can be popularized
The biggest characteristics of large-scale pig breeding are large quantity, high density, limited space and high feeding density, which aggravate the decrease of pig's adaptability to the environment and immune ability to diseases. Health is not only the basis of pig breeding, but also an important factor to ensure the proctivity of pigs and the economic benefits of pig farms
in order to maintain the health and normal proction of pigs, pig farms generally adopt measures to control the occurrence of epidemic diseases, such as strengthening feeding management, immune injection, medication and so on. However, e to this passive defense method, the phenomenon of out of control often occurs in pig farms, especially in piglet proction, every time new diseases are encountered, heavy losses are caused, causing serious economic losses to the pig instry
therefore, it is a new task for the pig instry to build a biosafety system in large-scale pig farms, prevent the invasion and spread of harmful pathogens, rece the use of drugs and vaccines, provide a safe and comfortable living environment for pigs, improve the sub-health status of pigs, improve the proction performance of pigs, and improve the economic benefits of the breeding instry
the biosafety system of pig farms is the integration of various methods to eliminate the threat of epidemic diseases and protect animal health. It is an overall management strategy for Disease Control of pig farms. It can rece the possibility of introcing pathogenic pathogens as much as possible, remove pathogens from the existing environment and cut off transmission routes. It is a systematic and continuous management method, and also the most effective The most economical way to control the occurrence and spread of epidemic disease. Therefore, we must emphasize the concept of "biosafety" and fundamentally rece and rely on the idea of using drugs to prevent and control animal diseases
(1) the site selection of pig farm must meet the requirements of pig growth and disease control. The living area, proction area, feed processing area, sewage treatment area and harmless treatment area should be reasonably set up in the pig farm, and each functional area should be separated by a certain distance, and each functional area should be separated from the surrounding by its own wall(2) the facilities of piggery are different with different herds, but they must meet the needs of growth and proction of all kinds of herds
(3) for the disinfection facilities of large-scale pig farms, the corresponding disinfection proceres must be formulated and strictly implemented from outside to inside, and different disinfection methods should be adopted for different objects (4) to establish and improve the immunization system, the formulation of the scale field immunization program should be flexibly determined according to the incidence and epidemic situation of the region and the field(5) strictly control the use of drugs in pig farms, and strictly control the type and dosage of veterinary drugs in order to rece drug resies
(6) improving the epidemic prevention infrastructure, comprehensive and effective disinfection, effective and safe immunization, and strictly controlling the use of drugs in pig farms are important parts of the current biosafety system in large-scale farms
in a word, the whole process of biosafety is around the prevention of infectious sources entering the pig farm and the control of the spread of epidemic disease in the pig farm, and the key is the control of pigs and the environment. With the establishment of biosafety system in pig farms, the occurrence and development of epidemic diseases will be effectively controlled, and the biosafety of pig farms will be ensured, so as to make the sustainable development of pig farms
if you want eggs, you have to wait for the chickens to grow and pick them up
the more advanced ones need a lot of eggs and emitters.