Minimalist blockchain
blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database. The data or information stored in it is characterized by "unforgeability", "trace in the whole process", "traceability", "openness and transparency" and "collective maintenance". Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid "trust" foundation, created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, and has broad application prospects
on January 10, 2019, the state Internet Information Office issued the regulations on the management of blockchain information services. In October 24, 2019, ring the eighteenth collective learning of the Central Political Bureau, general secretary Xi Jinping stressed that "block chain as an important breakthrough in core technology and independent innovation", "accelerating the development of block chain technology and instrial innovation". "Blockchain" has entered the public field of vision and become the focus of social attention
on December 2, 2019, the word was selected into the top ten catchwords of "biting words" in 2019
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Application of blockchain Finance:
since 2016, the major financial giants have also carried out blockchain innovation projects to explore the possibility of applying blockchain Technology in various financial scenarios. In particular, Puyin group took the lead in creating a "blockchain +" standard digital currency
standard digital currency refers to the process of assets identification, evaluation, right confirmation and insurance completed by a third party organization, which is written into the blockchain through careful digital algorithm to form the standard corresponding relationship between assets and digital currency, which is called standard digital currency
in order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, promote the new development of China's economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the dream of rejuvenation that has been struggling for generations, Puyin group will hold the Guiyang strategic development ceremony of Puyin blockchain finance in Guizhou on December 9, 2016
the meeting will discuss the realization of digital circulation of assets by blockchain, the financial transaction mode of blockchain, and the application of blockchain services and social public instry. This conference will mark the beginning of the application of blockchain finance and the change and development of the new financial ecology
on June 1, 2020, Xinhua news agency was authorized to broadcast the "overall plan for the construction of Hainan free trade port" issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, which will "actively participate in the formulation of international rules for cross-border data flow, and establish standards and rules for data rights confirmation, data trading, data security and blockchain finance" as one of the key tasks of Hainan free trade port before 2035
Blockchain is a kind of technology, which solves the core "trust" problem in the market economy and reces the trust cost between strangers to a very low level
there is one crucial thing in the market economy, which is "trust". Without trust, no deal can be established. When you go to LAICHANG to buy vegetables, if you don't believe that the pesticide content in vegetable is up to the standard, you won't trade with that dealer; If you buy a bottle of water in a small shop, the clerk will not sell you the water if he doesn't believe that the money you give is real
the traditional small-scale peasant economy is acquaintance economy, and the transaction scale is limited to people who are familiar with each other nearby. If an acquaintance deceives you, he will lose your social relationship and damage his reputation in the whole circle of acquaintances. We believe that acquaintances are less likely to cheat us than strangers
therefore, once we are beyond the scope of acquaintances, we need to use a high cost to identify whether a stranger will cheat me and how to avoid the risk of being cheated. This situation will hinder the transaction and restrict the transaction
in addition, different races, nationalities, cultures, religious beliefs and so on will naturally have this kind of trust problem
in the market economy, why can there be so many transactions between strangers? Because of the birth of a new mechanism to solve the problem of trust in strangers
so far, the most important mechanism to solve the trust problem is the "trust intermediary" organization and mode
as long as you and strangers trust a third-party organization, the trust problem between you can be solved through this third-party organization
this third-party organization, we call it trust intermediary. Both the government and the bank are trust intermediaries
you can sell the goods you have worked hard to proce to a stranger in exchange for a stack of RMB banknotes. It's because the credit of the note issuing bank and the guarantee of the authority of the government guarantee the currency value and effectiveness of the banknotes. Otherwise, sell things, in exchange for a few ordinary paper, who would like to
in the era of global village and Internet, the people who buy your things may be strangers who will not meet and thousands of miles away. Trust is lower, so Alipay assumes the role of trust intermediation. Buyers first pay the goods to Alipay's account. When they receive the goods, they confirm that they are OK, then they agree to sell the goods to the seller. Taobao and other e-commerce have been booming rapidly in just over ten years
trust intermediary is in a central position in the transaction system. All transactions should solve the trust problem through it
However, the cost of trust intermediary itself is often hugeas a trust intermediary, how much transaction tax does the government charge each year? What is the most profitable instry? Financial services. The annual profits of Alipay's ant suit are over ten billion. p> What does this mean? Both sides of the market actually pay a huge trust cost
if there is any way to cancel or greatly rece the trust cost, the transaction cost of the general public can be reced, and the profits can be greatly increased
so in the Internet era, blockchain technology is on the stage
it allows the trading party to get rid of the intermediary, solve the problem of trust among strangers, and greatly rece the cost of trust
the blockchain can be expanded on a large scale, the data is open and transparent, the data of each client is consistent, and even if some clients are destroyed, the data security will not be affected. These highly reliable technical features can solve the trust problem of strangers with low cost
this technology can be extended to all fields that can be digitized, such as digital currency, payment and clearing, digital bills, proof of rights and interests, credit reference, government services, medical records, etc
in the medium and long term, blockchain will be a revolutionary technology, which will bring about great social changes like the existing Internet, and has great investment value and money making opportunities
in the future, the companies that can combine blockchain with different scenarios to promote applications may be the next group of bat, the next Google, Microsoft and apple
as the first practical application of blockchain technology, bitcoin has been widely accepted and used all over the world. Millions of users and tens of thousands of merchants have accepted the payment of bitcoin as a digital currency, and the exchange value of bitcoin as a currency is growing. Even e to the consensus that the total amount is fixed and the long-term value is bullish, bitcoin has become a hedge asset similar to gold, and the price has skyrocketed
etheric clown is a blockchain pet development game, which can easily make money. Make a real game to let players get a more comfortable experience, and combine with blockchain technology to ensure the interests of players. With the well-known proct form of game, we will spare no effort to promote blockchain technology and bring human beings into the era of full intelligence
we have repeatedly mentioned that blockchain is a decentralized system. Indeed, "decentralization" is a very important concept in the blockchain world. The design of many models (such as ledger maintenance, currency issuance, timestamp design, network maintenance, competition between nodes, etc.) depends on this central idea, So what is decentralization? Before we explain the real decentralization, let's have a brief understanding of what is centralization
centralization
recall the process of buying a book online:
first step, you place the order and pay the money to Alipay;
second step, Alipay will inform the seller that the seller can deliver the goods after receiving the payment.
third step, after the seller receives the Alipay notification, delivers the goods to you;
fourth step, after you receive the book, feel satisfied, choose to confirm receipt on Alipay;
fifth step, Alipay receives the notification, hits the seller to the money. The process is over
you will find that although you are dealing with the seller, all the key processes are dealing with Alipay. The advantage is that in case of any problems, sellers and buyers can seek help from Alipay and let Alipay make arbitration. This is the simplest transaction model based on centralized thinking. Its significant value is to establish authority, gain trust from multiple parties through authoritative endorsement, and ensure the reliability and security of data by relying on the capital and technical strength behind the authority
you are sure to put on a huge question mark face“ We can gain the trust of many parties through authoritative endorsement, and at the same time rely on the capital and technical strength behind the authoritative party to ensure the reliability and security of data
If Alipay's program has a significant BUG, resulting in the loss of the transfer records over a period of time, or more thoroughly, Alipay's server was destroyed by a missile from ISIS terrorist organization. And I just transferred out of the 100 yuan to whom to argue, at this time, you become a knife on the fish; Alipay has a conscience and will take the trouble to admit the fact that you have just transferred, but he does not admit that you are not, because he does not even know whether the transfer is real.
the above is the biggest drawback of centralization, that is, excessive reliance on the center and authority means graal loss of the right to speak
decentralization
what is the form of decentralization? Let's continue with the example just now. Let's build a minimalist decentralized trading system to see how we can buy a book from a seller we never know on the Internet
in the first step, you place an order and call the seller
the second step is to record the transfer information in your own account book
in the third step, you broadcast the transfer information
fourth step, seller and Alipay record their own accounts after receiving your transfer information.
in the fifth step, the seller delivers the goods and records the fact of delivery in his own account book
Step 6: the seller broadcasts this fact record
seventh steps, you and Alipay receive this fact record and record them on their own accounts.
Step 8, you receive the book. So far, the transaction process is over
the situation of "artificial fish for fish" is hard to happen in this system, because everyone has a completely identical transaction record on the books. Alipay's account server is broken. Sorry, seller's account still exists, and my account still exists. These are hard evidence that the deal really happened
of course, in this minimalist trading system, you have found many loopholes and misunderstandings. For example, one of the three parties is a villain who intentionally records the transfer information that is more beneficial to him; Another example is how to deal with the message tampered by hackers in the process of transmission. This may have been mentioned in the previous introction to computer or computer network books, such as "quasi two armies" and "Byzantine Generals". I'm not going to repeat it here, because it's not related to the main line for the time being. Interested students can go to Google or the Internet. You just need to know that in the blockchain system we're going to talk about next, smart design is enough to solve the above-mentioned bugs
the ether clown can be so hot only when he understands these!
With all walks of life have begun to enter the blockchain instry, blockchain has undoubtedly become the world's largest wind in 2018. Since 2014, more than a dozen top universities in Europe and America, including MIT, Stanford University and Princeton University, have successively opened blockchain courses
now, it is no longer limited to the teaching of blockchain technology, and some people are ready to challenge the traditional ecation mode with blockchain technology. According to the times of higher ecation, a group of scholars from Oxford University announced that they would establish the world's first blockchain University, Woolf University
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Course Platform demo according to the official website of Woolf University
actively promote the block chain credit certification
"hope the degree certificate will be widely recognized in the future"
however, there are no doubt many problems to be solved when applying an emerging technology to a new concept. Professor Michael sharens, a professor at the Open University of the UK, said that although the founding of Woolf university is a subversive force in the field of ecation, how to ensure high standards of teaching is a big problem. Although blockchain can ensure the teaching interaction between teachers and students, it can not guarantee the quality of teaching
in this regard, Dr. blocky told the media that the key to the quality of ecation is not whether there is a physical campus, but the ability of teachers. Of course, the school will also have relevant teaching quality supervision measures. First of all, only scholars with real doctoral degrees can join the platform as teachers, and they must upload certificates for verification
secondly, the top five colleges of the university will be composed of scholars with doctoral degrees from world-class universities. After the establishment of five high-quality colleges, Woolf will be open to other scholars one after another
in addition, a ranking system was established among colleges according to the number of teaching and the average score of students. Finally, the university will set up a review system for academic fraud and cheating, which will be regularly reviewed by the dean of the college
then, in addition to ensuring the quality of teaching, how can the academic records of blockchain obtain formal academic recognition
Dr. brocky said that blockchain can help the credit certification process, because the information records it provides are highly accurate and completely reliable. The European Commission has recently published a report on blockchain in ecation, but it will take some time to complete this process
before obtaining official permission, blockchain records will be temporarily used as a part of the application process. For the degree certification of early-stage students, the university will cooperate with existing universities and still use the traditional way to certify credits. In addition, at the initial stage of its establishment, the university will invite ecational institutions such as Oxford college to join the platform and make full use of their existing degree certification mechanism. At the same time, the University of Virginia Woolf has begun to actively seek ecation certification in the European Union and the United States, hoping that in the next 10 years, the degree certificate of Virginia Woolf University will be widely recognized
Dr. blocky said that Woolf university is the future ecation model, which combines online and offline ecation, and connects the world's outstanding students and teachers by building a global talent network“ I hope this model can improve the overall quality of ecation and provide a new way for students to acquire knowledge and achieve success, no matter where they are
for players, as community users, they can get high-quality game proct resources provided by blockgame. The core advantage of blockgame is the redefinition of player identity. In the decentralized system, players are not only consumers, but also decision-makers, investors and promoters. In the global free economic ecology of blockgame, the community will be the basis for decision-making. The launch, adjustment and distribution of procts will be based on community player voting, and players will really "participate" in all aspects of procts.
at the same time, the proct will also obtain a considerable number of high-quality users from the blockgame community and its diffusion promotion energy, so as to enhance the proct exposure
for players, as community users, they can get high-quality game proct resources provided by blockgame. The core advantage of blockgame is the redefinition of player identity
in a decentralized system, players are not only consumers, but also decision makers, investors and promoters
in the global free economic ecology of blockgame, the community will be the basis for decision-making. The launch, adjustment and distribution of procts will be based on community player voting, and players will really "participate" in all aspects of procts.