What are the illegal blockchains
(1) distributed ledger, that is, transaction bookkeeping is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records complete accounts, so they can participate in monitoring the legitimacy of transactions, At the same time, they can testify together
different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of distributed storage of blockchain is mainly reflected in two aspects: one is that each node of blockchain stores complete data according to block chain structure, while traditional distributed storage generally stores data in multiple copies according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has the same status, which relies on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while the traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data from the central node to other backup nodes[ 8]
no single node can record the account data separately, so as to avoid the possibility that a single bookkeeper is controlled or bribed to record false accounts. In theory, unless all the nodes are destroyed, the accounts will not be lost, so as to ensure the security of the account data
(2) asymmetric encryption and authorization technology, the transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but the account identity information is highly encrypted, which can only be accessed under the authorization of the data owner, thus ensuring the data security and personal privacy
(3) consensus mechanism is how to reach a consensus among all accounting nodes to determine the validity of a record, which is not only a means of identification, but also a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and achieve a balance between efficiency and security
the consensus mechanism of blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority is subordinate to the majority" and "everyone is equal", in which "the minority is subordinate to the majority" does not completely refer to the number of nodes, but also can be the computing power, the number of shares or other characteristics that can be compared by computers“ "Everyone is equal" means that when the nodes meet the conditions, all nodes have the right to put forward the consensus results first, and then directly recognized by other nodes, and finally may become the final consensus results. Taking bitcoin as an example, the workload proof is adopted. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the whole network are controlled can a nonexistent record be forged. When there are enough nodes in the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.
(4) smart contract, which is based on these trusted and tamperable data, can automatically execute some pre-defined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and reliable, it is easy to carry out automatic claim settlement in some standardized insurance procts
Chinese Mahjong: the world's earliest blockchain project
first of all, a initiates an application. I want to play mahjong and set up a mahjong Bureau, which is equivalent to creating a block, and this block will be broadcast to B, C, D, a, B, C, C, C, C, C, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D D...
in the process of playing mahjong, the above four people constantly play cards, which can be understood as mining, through what to mine? Mahjong machine can understand the mineralization machine. These four miners are the so-called miners. These four miners collide from 144 mahjong, and any right card can be Hu card. We can understand the 144 mahjong as a series of hash values (numbers). The process of Hu card is called computational power. Until Hu card, it means that the right hash value is collided and you can get a reward, Each person will pay the corresponding chips to C and put them in the blockchain. The reward is bitcoin or other virtual coins
Why do the other three people take the initiative to reward C? That's because these people have automatically reached a consensus that C has indeed won, and everyone has recorded the account, including the family members who are sitting next to buy horses. It's not good to deny it, otherwise when it comes out that the character is not good, no one will play with him again. After all, the circle is very important
when we reached a consensus, we didn't see any intermediary or third party judging that C had won, and the rewards given to C didn't need to be transferred to C through the third party. All of them were direct point-to-point transactions. This process was decentralization. The card players (miners) recorded their own achievements in the first game, and the third team won the first game, After the record is completed, a complete block is generated. But remember, this is only the first round. In the whole blockchain, this is just a node. The first eight rounds are finished, that is, eight nodes (blocks). Eight blocks are connected together to form a complete account book, which is the blockchain. Because everyone has one account book, it is a distributed account book. The purpose is to prevent someone from tampering with records. In the end, it is clear who wins or loses.
Blockchain itself is not illegal, but if it is used illegally, it is illegal
Li Bin, deputy director of Chongqing big data application and development administration, said that as a disruptive innovative frontier technology in the field of big data intelligence, the Chongqing municipal government attaches great importance to active layout, and the municipal government and Yuzhong District Government jointly build a blockchain base. In the second half of last year, the government issued the opinions on accelerating the cultivation and innovative application of blockchain instry, It has officially launched the construction of a place for strategic innovation of blockchain
while actively encouraging the technological progress and instrial development of blockchain, we will resolutely prohibit the illegal use of blockchain technology in accordance with the requirements of relevant national policies
at present, China's blockchain technology and application continue to innovate, and are graally applied in supply chain finance, credit reference, proct traceability and other fields, with huge development space. As a new technology, if blockchain wants to realize large-scale practical application, it must strengthen the cooperation of instry, University, research and application, and promote the continuous development and maturity of technology and application
since 2017, the development of blockchain technology has aroused the deep concern of the government, enterprises and other sectors. Because of its decentralized, tamperable and traceable characteristics, blockchain attracts investors to add weight to this new technology field. For the previous hot speculation of blockchain technology, the cognition of it and investment circles has become increasingly rational
extended data
"Regulations on the management of blockchain information services (Draft)"
Article 9 blockchain information service providers and users shall not use blockchain information services to engage in activities that are prohibited by laws and regulations, such as endangering national security, disrupting social order, and infringing the legitimate rights and interests of others, and shall not use blockchain information services to proce and use blockchain information services Copy, publish and disseminate information prohibited by laws and regulations
Article 13 a blockchain information service provider shall, as the case may be, take such measures as warning, limiting functions, closing account numbers, etc. for users of blockchain information services who violate laws, regulations and service agreements, so as to timely eliminate illegal information, prevent information diffusion, keep relevant records, and report to relevant competent authorities
Article 18 If a blockchain information service provider, in violation of the provisions of Article 9 of these Provisions, makes, copies, publishes and disseminates information content prohibited by laws, regulations and relevant national regulations, the Internet Information Office of the state, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall give a warning and order it to correct within a time limit according to law
if the circumstances are serious or refuse to correct, the service shall be ordered to suspend, and a fine of not less than 5000 yuan but not more than 30000 yuan shall be imposed, until the relevant departments close the service according to law. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law
If a blockchain information service user violates the provisions of Article 9 of these provisions and makes, copies, publishes and disseminates information content prohibited by laws and regulations and relevant national regulations, the Internet Information Office of the state, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall deal with it in accordance with relevant laws and administrative regulations
Article 19 If a blockchain information service provider violates the provisions of Article 6 of these provisions and fails to mark its record number on its network platform, the Internet Information Office of the state, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall order it to make corrections within a time limit according to its ties, and if it refuses to make corrections, it shall be given a warning and fined not less than 5000 yuan but not more than 10000 yuan
Article 20 If a blockchain information service provider violates the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 4 of these provisions and fails to go through the filing proceres in accordance with these Provisions, the Internet Information Office of the state, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall order it to make corrections within a time limit according to its ties, and if it refuses to make corrections or if the circumstances are serious, it shall be given a warning and fined not less than 10000 yuan but not more than 30000 yuan
Article 21 if the blockchain information service provided by the blockchain information service provider has potential information security risks, the Internet Information Office of the state, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall, according to its ties, order it to rectify and suspend the service within a time limit, and continue to provide information services until it meets the relevant requirements of laws and regulations and national mandatory standards after rectification
if the blockchain information service provider violates the provisions of Article 4, paragraph 2, Article 8, Article 11, Article 12, Article 15 and Article 16 of these Provisions, the state and local Internet Information Office shall give a warning and order it to correct within a time limit according to its ties; If the circumstances are serious or if he refuses to make corrections, he shall be ordered to suspend service and be fined not less than 5000 yuan but not more than 30000 yuan; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law
if the blockchain information service provider violates the provisions of Articles 10, 13 and 14 of these Provisions, it shall be handled by the Internet Information Office of the state, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government in accordance with the provisions of the network security law of the people's Republic of China
on April 9, 2017, Hangzhou municipal government and a company jointly set up a $10 billion xiongan global blockchain innovation fund, which can promote the development of blockchain projects. This initiative has also attracted the attention of many relevant financial people. At present, Hangzhou blockchain Instrial Park is one of the important initiatives funded and developed by the municipal government, I believe this case has also become one of the representative cases in China. Since then, more and more blockchains have developed all over the country<
at present, China has a new understanding of digital currency, analyzing the value of digital currency in essence, and relevant departments are also actively participating in the corresponding research. The central bank has set up a special research group and digital currency Research Institute, hoping to further explore the digitalization of sovereign currency. From the side, it can be seen that China has a positive attitude towards blockchain technology, and the Chinese government has repeatedly stressed the important role of blockchain technology in reshaping the global financial pattern
with the development of global economy, the Chinese government has realized the commercial development of domestic blockchain projects. From the blockchain projects invested by Hangzhou municipal government, it can be seen that more and more provinces will start to carry out blockchain projects in the future, which can promote the development of local economy
is blockchain legal in China? At present, the Chinese government is actively studying blockchain, and has carried out blockchain related projects in some provinces. Through the above introction, I believe that people should have a certain understanding of the blockchain. I believe that in the near future, there will be more and more blockchain projects, which can promote the development of domestic economy and enable more and more people to get more wealth from blockchain projects.
secondly, test verification includes test cases, test plans, test tools and test environment. According to GB / T 25000.10 -, 4.3.1 proct quality model and blockchain reference architecture
Third, promote the standard application demonstration. It can be divided into three stages. Firstly, it needs to go through the research stage, including the preparation of the white paper, the formation of the draft and the establishment of the standards working group at the end of 2016. In order to promote the development of blockchain technology, the focus of the next stage is to find real application cases in various instries (financial services, supply chain management, entertainment, etc.) and create typical cases. Li Ming said that this will be carried out graally in the second half of this year Fourth, build open source community, including open source official website, instry alliance, training and certification, summit and hacker marathon, technical committee, communication tools, etc. The goal is to form an independent, safe and controllable general technology solution for blockchain, to track and study the development trend of foreign blockchain open source, to explore the possibility of domestic technology open source, and to form an open source solution suitable for China