Xu Xiaoping's blockchain pyramid selling

1.

If you want to understand the application of blockchain, you can refer to many books and opinions, such as illustrated blockchain, blockchain: reshaping the economy and the world, blueprint and guide of new economy, and articles of coin'an community, including a detailed understanding of the platform of coin'an community, with great strength

As the name suggests, blockchain is composed of block and chain. It is a new application mode of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and so on. It is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in order according to the time sequence, and it is a secure and reliable distributed account book that can not be tampered with and forged by means of cryptography

in 2008, in his paper bitcoin: a peer-to-peer e-cash system published by Nakamoto, he first proposed the idea of blockchain and encrypted digital currency. Starting from bitcoin, blockchain has become the underlying technology of various digital currencies

Second, the working principle of blockchain:

1. The basic concepts include: (1) transaction: one operation will change the account status once, such as adding a record 2) Block: records the transaction and status data within a specified time, which is a consensus and preservation of the current account status 3) Chain: it is composed of a series of blocks in chronological order, which is the log record of the whole state change. If you understand the working concept of blockchain, it is not difficult to understand its working principle. Suppose there is a distributed data logbook, which can only be added, not deleted or changed. Its structure is a linear chain formed by a series of "blocks" (which is also the source of the name of "blockchain"), and new data must be put into a new block to be added, The maintenance node can propose a new block, but it must go through a certain consensus mechanism to reach an agreement on the final selected block

2. Take bitcoin as an example to see the working principle of blockchain

the block of bitcoin is divided into block head and block body

Core advantages and characteristics of blockchain

1. The verification, accounting, storage, maintenance and transmission of decentralized blockchain data are all based on distributed system structure. There is no centralized hardware or management organization, and the rights and obligations of any node are equal, The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system. 2. The open and transparent system is open. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent. 3. Security blockchain uses consensus based specifications and Protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the whole system to exchange data freely and safely in a de trusted environment, so that the trust in "people" is changed into the trust in machines, and any human intervention does not work. 4. Information cannot be tampered with. Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% (almost impossible) nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid. Therefore, the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high. 5. Anonymity because the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, and its data interaction does not need trust (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is effective or not). Therefore, the counterparties do not need to let the counterparties generate their own trust by disclosing their identities, which is very helpful for credit accumulation

At present, the most popular classification of blockchain is to divide blockchain into public blockchain, private blockchain and consortium blockchain according to different participants

1. Public chain: anyone can participate in the use and maintenance, and can obtain the effective confirmation of the blockchain. Public chain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain at present, such as bitcoin blockchain. The information is completely public

if the licensing mechanism is introced, it includes private chain and alliance chain. 2. Private chain: a company or indivial only uses the blockchain technology, enjoys the exclusive write permission of the blockchain, and does not disclose the information. At present, conservative giants (traditional finance) want to experiment with private blockchain, and the application procts of private blockchain are still groping. 3. Alliance chain: it is a blockchain between the public chain and the existing chain, which is jointly controlled by multiple organizations. The use of the chain is managed with authority, which can be controlled by the manager, and also open to others according to the manager's wishes. In addition, according to the different use scenarios and purposes of blockchain, it can be divided into currency chain for the purpose of digital currency, property chain for the purpose of recording property rights, and crowdfunding chain for the purpose of crowdfunding

On May 28, Ma Huateng, CEO of Tencent, proposed the anti-counterfeiting method based on cloud integrated blockchain technology, which is far more efficient than traditional anti-counterfeiting methods. The future anti-counterfeiting verification scenario may only require users to use their mobile phones for simple scanning, and a large number of complete information based on different dimensions can be obtained

take Maotai liquor as an example:

distillery address, proction workshop, operation staff, inspector, delivery time, transportation vehicle information and driver information,

liquor year, raw material source, raw material supplier, storage warehouse number, raw material transportation vehicle and driver information,

all information can be accurately traced, permanently recorded and tampered with

the above information can be easily verified

2. Food safety issues as early as last November, Wal Mart has cooperated with IBM to track the source of food by using blockchain technology, so as to ensure the safety of food and increase the circulation of food to rece costs. For Wal Mart and other large supermarkets, it took a few days to investigate the source of problem food, After using this technology, only one item of proct information is needed to achieve accurate traceability, and important information such as food origin, inspector, supplier, logistics and transportation can quickly find problems in a few minutes. Currently, procts tracked by blockchain include packaging procts from the United States and pork from China

3. Information security

blockchain technology is promoting an information security technology revolution. (1) identity protection PKI is a common public key encryption technology in e-mail, message application, website and other communication applications. However, since the implementation of most PKI, the centralized trusted third party certification authority (CA) is used to issue, activate and store user certificates. Hackers can attack PKI to fake user identity or crack encrypted information

certcoin is the first PKI implementation of blockchain, which comes from MIT, removes the centralized authentication center, and uses blockchain as a distributed ledger for domain name and public key

pomcor company: blockchain PKI implementation path: keep the authentication center, and use blockchain to store the hash value of issued and activated certificates. Users can verify the authenticity of certificates through decentralized and transparent sources, and can also improve the network access performance through local authentication of secret key and signature based on blockchain

(2) data integrity protection

guardtime developed a secret key free signature architecture (Ksi) based on blockchain technology to replace the secret key based data authentication technology. Ksi stores the hash table of the original data and files on the blockchain, runs the hash algorithm to verify other copies, and compares the results with the data stored in the blockchain. Any data tampering will be found quickly because the original hash table is stored in millions of nodes

(3) key infrastructure protection

the "Achilles heel" of the Internet, DDoS has entered the TB era, DDoS is still the simplest weapon for hackers to bring down the big target with low cost, DNS service is the primary target for hackers to carry out large-scale destruction, but blockchain technology is expected to fundamentally solve the problem

The distributed storage of

blockchain makes hacker attacks lose focus. Nebulis is developing a distributed DNS system, which uses Ethereum blockchain and interstellar Internet file system (IPFs, the distributed substitute of HTTP) to register and resolve domain names. The biggest weakness of DNS is caching, which makes DDoS attacks possible. It is also the bane of the centralized government's censorship of social networks and manipulation of DNS registration. A highly transparent and distributed DNS system can effectively prevent any entity, including the government, from arbitrarily manipulating records

(1) digital currency: improve the convenience of currency issuance and use, such as bitcoin and Ethernet in foreign countries, and guorenbao in China

from the use of physical transactions, to physical currency and credit currency, and then to the rise of bitcoin network, more and more people are aware of the distributed ledger blockchain technology behind it, and graally apply it in many scenarios other than digital currency

(2) cross border payment and settlement: realize point-to-point transaction, rece intermediate fees

transfer and payment. At present, the most mature application of blockchain technology is payment and transfer. Blockchain technology can avoid complicated systems, save the process of inter-bank reconciliation and review, and accelerate the settlement speed; Virtual currency can rece transaction costs without the intervention of clearing house. Different countries have different clearing proceres. It takes two or three days for a single remittance to arrive, which is inefficient and accounts for a large proportion of funds in transit. No longer through the third party, through the blockchain technology to form point-to-point payment. By eliminating the link of the third-party institutions, we can make full day payment, real-time payment, withdraw cash quickly and rece the hidden cost, which helps to avoid the capital risk. It is timely and convenient

(3) bills and supply chain financial business: rece human intervention, rece costs and operational risks

value transfer between point-to-point, control and verify physical bills or central system; Intermediaries will be eliminated and human intervention reced. With the improvement of efficiency, financing channels are more unblocked, risks are lower, and multiple parties benefit

(4) securities issuance and Trading: realize quasi real-time asset transfer, accelerate the speed of transaction clearing

the application of blockchain technology can make the process of securities trading more concise, transparent and fast, rece the plication of IT system, and improve the efficiency of market operation. For stocks, blockchain can eliminate paper and pen or electronic form records, rece human errors in trading, and improve the transparency and traceability of trading platform. Citigroup and Nasdaq cooperate to promote blockchain applications

(5) customer credit investigation and anti fraud: rece the cost of legal compliance, prevent financial crimes

the customer information and transaction records recorded in the blockchain help banks identify abnormal transactions and effectively prevent fraud. The technical characteristics of blockchain can change the existing credit reference system, and store the data of customers with bad records in the blockchain when the bank concts "know your customer" (KYC)

equity crowdfunding:

2. Let's talk about the social or economic significance of blockchain. In fact, many of the previous technologies were devoted to "proctivity". For example, artificial intelligence is a kind of progress in proctivity. The blockchain, which has greatly improved the proction relations, is committed to the proction relations. So why do you say that
because the so-called proction relationship is actually how to do business between people and business partners. And these things, originally, are in the cognitive process between people, and there is no special program to program or quantify it
for example, if you and I are good friends now, we can do business. If someone stirs up our relationship and we are not good friends, we will not do business. Even if we can make money in business, we will not do business because there is no trust between us
as for blockchain, it is actually because the data is authenticated by all nodes and backed up at the same time, so my data is as real as possible and can't be tampered with. In this case, if you believe my data, you can make a program on this basis, and then use the data to make what kind of business contract, what kind of service, what kind of service, and what kind of service, what kind of service, what kind of service, what kind of service, what kind of service, what kind of service, what kind of service, etc This "proction relationship" of commercial cooperation is programmed. In this way, we believe in the data and the program compiled by the algorithm. Because you believe in the data and the program, you can develop all kinds of apps in the program. These apps are the proction relations and what business to do. This is: blockchain is actually a reconstruction of "proction relationship".

3.

Recently, there are three popular concepts: blockchain, bitcoin and ICO

one is the blockchain, which is the blockchain in Xu Xiaoping's internal letter that "if it goes along, it will prosper, if it goes against, it will die"

the other is that it has been hyped for several years, and the price keeps going up and down, but some people have been advocating bitcoin that "each bitcoin will rise to $10000"

Another is the ICO, which Xue Manzi cheered and advocated a few months ago and later was strongly concerned by the regulatory authorities. On the night of January 12, the day before yesterday, the China Internet Finance Association issued an announcement entitled "risk tips on preventing disguised ICO activities", in which it named the digital currency "chain gram" (formerly "play guest currency") released by Xunlei, saying that it "replaces the legal currency payment obligation for the services contributed by the participants, which is essentially a financing behavior and a disguised ICO". As soon as the news came out, Xunlei's share price fell sharply in the early trading of us time on Friday

"bitcoin" does not solve any problems

besides bitcoin, Xiaotao has always been a loser of bitcoin, because in Xiaotao's view, bitcoin has not solved any new problems. In other words, what would the world lose without bitcoin today? Who and which transactions will be affected? The answer is that no one will be affected except the most special people. What are the advantages of bitcoin over existing currencies? Stable currency? Security? Low cost

the decentralization advocated by bitcoin is nothing more than evading regulation. For example, the goods between the two countries should have gone through the customs. The Customs has eight channels. Now you have an underground channel. Although the distance may be closer and many customs ties may be exempted, it is illegal. It is a typical Arbitrage Behavior to evade supervision. Solving one's own problems on the premise of harming social interests and order is not desirable and can not last

What's more, in order to obtain bitcoin, the huge "mining" workload consumed a lot of power and computer computing power, and did not create any value, which is a huge waste of social resources. It is said that the cost of digging a bitcoin has reached 3000 to 4000 US dollars...

"ICO" is a typical Ponzi scheme

as for ICO, the so-called IPO project with digital currency as the media, sticking to its own hot speculation concept, holding the idea that it is not ready to cash, or the idea that the feasibility is almost invisible, relies on a kind of digital currency that evades the supervision to let people buy and hype the price... This is a typical Ponzi scheme, or open a casino in disguise

there are many such cases in history. A few years ago, some people divided any painting into tens of thousands of shares, marked a price for everyone to buy and hype; Hundreds of years ago, the Dutch were crazy about tulips. A tulip price could buy a castle... Everyone knew that it was a bubble. They all knew that the bubble would burst, but everyone wanted to beggar the neighbour, hoping to get a.

before the bubble burst.

4.

According to reports, the coin circle, which has been silent for a long time e to the bear market, has been broken recently. This time, Li Xiaolai, who is known as the "richest man in the coin circle" by the outside world, is still standing at the muzzle of the gun

on July 4, 2018, a recording of Li Xiaolai's private conversation spread on the Internet. In this conversation, which lasted for more than 50 minutes, Li Xiaolai denounced the well-known figures and blockchain projects in the coin circle in a vulgar tone, and told the interviewees about his investment tactics as a winner

this recording sounds like an explosion of information, which once again pushed Li Xiaolai to the forefront of public opinion. Due to the sensitive words mentioned in the recording, such as "don't blindly believe in value investment", "sell air currency" and so on, Li Xiaolai was identified as the banker of "cutting leeks" in the currency circle in the later public opinion

at the same time, as a former New Oriental teacher and best-selling author, Li Xiaolai has many fans after entering the blockchain instry. But in that recording, Li Xiaolai thinks that his IP and traffic are very important in the coin circle, while disdaining blind followers

What kind of person is the real Li Xiaolai? What is his way of accumulating real wealth and investing in blockchain? What kind of world is the blockchain instry today

on July 12, 2018, Li Xiaolai received an exclusive interview with the media and responded to questions from the outside world

media: who are you most optimistic about in the blockchain instry

Li Xiaolai: Wu Jihan in mainland China. I think this person is a wounded and bloody soldier in the blockchain instry. About three years ago, I told my friends about it. If there is an opponent in the world that I may not be able to fight, it is Wu Jihan. It's just that we're not on the same track, so it's also my luck

media: your little Luo Yonghao is working hard in instry, and you are working in blockchain. What do you think of the relationship between blockchain and entities

Li Xiaolai: finance is the embodiment of real economy. Finance cannot be separated from the existence of real economy. Blockchain will certainly drive the real instry, but it is still unknown how to drive it

I admire Luo Yonghao's work in the real instry. He has a higher sense of happiness than me, because making a mobile phone has a much greater sense of achievement than I do in an unknown instry, and they are more easily recognized by the society

media: did Luo Yonghao comfort you after the recording leakage

Li Xiaolai: our habit is to keep quiet when we are in trouble, because how to comfort others is a very difficult thing. But then we'll talk to each other about what happened

Li Xiaolai: do you have any other questions? Today is my birthday. I'll have dinner with my wife later

content source: phoenix.com

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p l e a s e d o n o t t a k e m y s u n s h i n e a w a y

please do not take my sunshine away

意思是：请不要带走我的阳光……

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7.

The main reasons for the handle falling off are as follows:

1. wear of splint

2. wear of catch tail hook

3. baoqilai authorized after-sales center is located at [8th floor, block E1, Dongyi office building, Dongdan North Street, Dongcheng District]

4. loosening of catch screw

5. deformation and damage of the handle, Should be properly kept, do not lose, and then in time to the regular repair shop repair, with the best not to insert the rod into the watch, not to insert and pull out repeatedly, this may make the wheel off the clutch rod, but also increase wear and tear, increase trouble for future processing