The impact of blockchain on gold

1. Are you talking about Xincheng heritage gold, which was just listed in September this year? The gold bar is of au999.9 purity. The manufacturer has both the qualifications of London gold and silver Association (LBMA) and Shanghai gold exchange. It holds the proct qualification certificate of China Banknote great wall and is made by China Banknote Great Wall, a company of China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation. Is it reliable for the banknote printing unit.

2. The relationship between bitcoin and gold
bitcoin, a blockchain based digital currency, is often regarded as a global safe haven asset like gold. In this age of global turmoil, even gold has become unreliable and may be confiscated as India has. Some people have begun to think that bitcoin can replace gold, because bitcoin not only has the reserve capacity of gold, but also has some capabilities that gold does not have, such as low handling charges, rapid transfer capacity, decentralization and so on. With the increasing popularity of bitcoin and the decreasing volatility, the status of gold has been threatened
will bitcoin shake the status of gold?
gold has a long history, almost as long as the history of human civilization, and has withstood numerous tests in history. Bitcoin is less than a decade old, but its value has risen sharply. There is no support behind bitcoin. Of course, since the end of the gold standard, there has been no support from other currencies, except that there is no support from the central bank behind bitcoin. It's hard to predict whether bitcoin will exist in the next decade, a hundred years or even a thousand years.

3.

On August 6, 2018, Mr. Cai Yi, financial instry consultant of Huawei Company and founder and CEO of Huaxuan technology, was in daga | blockchain & amp; AI (core group) made a special topic sharing, the theme is: the current situation and Prospect of blockchain finance. The following text is arranged according to the speech of the lecture and has been reviewed by the author

Cai Yi: Consultant of financial instry of Huawei, founder and CEO of Huaxuan science and technology, founder of shared reading association, member of China Writers Association, engaged in financial science and technology research for more than ten years, and is a senior expert in digital transformation of banks

good evening, everyone. I'm very glad and honored to share some thoughts with you here

let's make a simple self introction: my name is Cai Yi. I worked as a writer in my youth. I wrote some books, magazines and novels in the 1990s. At that time, there was no Internet. After work, I have been engaged in the information work of financial instry, from financial channels to data centers, from outlets to technology, witnessed the development of financial technology, and also found some problems. After 2014, I worked as an investment partner and in recent years as a financial instry consultant in Huawei. From the cognitive level, I worked as a consultant for the talent development of digital transformation in the financial instry

in 2015, I started Huaxuan technology and sharing reading club. At present, we mainly focus on the cognition of blockchain and the implementation of financial technology solutions. At the cognitive level, interactive sharing and knowledge management are carried out in the way of book club. At the technical level, the process and scene of the financial instry are reshaped by combining blockchain, big data and AI technologies. I am interested in blockchain and often study and discuss with some friends. Of course, some views are still superficial. I hope you can exchange more criticisms and corrections

the elite think tanks in the United States once believed that the core of maintaining global leadership is science and technology, which must rely on economy, and the core of economy is finance. So what is the future of finance

today's topic is: the current situation and Prospect of blockchain finance. I would like to introce it mainly from three aspects:

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briefly introce finance and financial system

the current situation of blockchain finance

prospect of blockchain finance

First of all, let's talk about the concept of finance. The word "finance" originated from Japan after the Meiji Restoration (1868), which is somewhat related to the gold standard established by Japan in 1897. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was introced into China from Japan. It was first proposed by Finance Minister Liang Qichao in 1902. At that time, Zhang Zhidong raised his objection. Therefore, after the Sino Japanese War of 1894, China remained in the silver standard, but it also made China avoid the Great Depression of 1929

The original meaning of finance is "money accommodation", which refers to the circulation of funds in the society. Later, its meaning has been expanded to indicate transactions and economic activities related to money and credit. In fact, there is another reason: gold used to be the only medium in international trade, and its value and wealth were based on gold. Therefore, when making standard gold bars, people need to melt gold into shape, which may be the original meaning of the word "finance", that is, to melt metal

Finance is the general name of currency circulation and credit activities and the economic activities associated with them.

let's look at the definition of Finance later: finance is the general name of currency circulation and credit activities and the economic activities associated with them. In a broad sense, finance generally refers to all the economic activities related to the issuance, custody, exchange, settlement and financing of credit currency, Even including the trading of gold and silver, the narrow sense of Finance specifically refers to the credit currency financing

In short, the contents of finance can be summarized as the issuance and withdrawal of money, the absorption and payment of deposits, the issuance and recovery of loans, the trading of gold, silver and foreign exchange, the issuance and transfer of securities, insurance, trust, domestic and international currency settlement, etc. To put it more bluntly, finance has two-way feedback. The institutions engaged in financial activities mainly include banking, insurance, securities, trust, financial leasing, etc. We all know this better and have frequent contact with it. Therefore, to understand the meaning and institutions of finance, we also need to understand China's financial system

2 China's financial system the development of China's financial system can be roughly divided into five stages:

initial formation stage, the first five years (1948-1953): the establishment of the people's Bank of China (1948). At this time, the PBC is far from what we want now. But it marks the beginning of new China's financial institution system

In the second five years (1953-1978), the people's Bank of China (PBC) is the only financial institution in China that deals with all kinds of banking business, integrating the central bank and ordinary banks. In fact, reunification means that we the model of foreign countries. I will not talk about specific countries

In the third five years (1979-1983), the Bank of China (established in 1912), the Agricultural Bank of China (established in 1951) and the Construction Bank of China (established in 1954) were restored or established one after another, but the people's Bank of China still integrates currency issuance and credit. We can see that after the reform and opening up, China's financial instry has developed very fast

the diversified financial institution system has begun to take shape. Ten years (from September 1983 to 1993): it has formed a financial institution system with the people's Bank of China as the core, the four major professional banks of instry, agriculture, China and construction as the main body, and other financial institutions coexisting and cooperating. After 1987, there were Bank of communications, China Merchants Bank, Shenzhen Development Bank, CITIC and Hengfeng. In 1988, Ping'an, Guangfa and Xingye appeared. Everbright, Huaxia and Shanghai Pudong Development Co., Ltd. appeared in 1992, and the Securities Regulatory Commission was set up in the same year

the stage of building and improving the social * * market financial institution system (since 1994): it has formed a relatively complete financial institution system with "one bank, three meetings" as the leading role, large, medium and small commercial banks as the main body, and a variety of non bank financial institutions as the auxiliary wing. In 1994, three major policy banks (China Development Bank, Export Import Bank of China and Agricultural Development Bank of China) were established. In 1995, Minsheng Bank, the first private commercial bank, was established (which is of great significance). In 1998, urban commercial banks emerged and CIRC was established. In fact, the CBRC appeared relatively late, and it was only established in 2003. Since then, the pattern of "one party, three meetings" has been formed. However, not long ago, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission merged into the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission. You can pay attention to this

from the perspective of evolution, the normative research of finance is often linear

that is, we often take a certain evolution form as the standard (usually developed market economy system, such as the Soviet Union, Germany, the United States and even Japan), describe the progress path of the financial system from non marketization to marketization, from inefficient allocation of financial resources to efficient allocation, and focus on explaining the gap of the standard form and the reasons

In fact, we can find from the development process of China's financial system just now: since 1978, China's financial system has evolved in the direction of marketization, standardization, diversification and internationalization, All kinds of financial institutions show a "network" and "strong connection" business form, that is, the connection degree between banks, banks and other financial institutions, as well as financial sub markets has increased significantly, and the credit connection is increasingly close, mixed and complicated

the ecological environment of financial instry has also undergone some obvious changes. On the one hand, traditional formal financial institutions seek to speed up transformation and innovation, and strive to seize the opportunity in business strategy, market positioning, management structure, format and proct innovation. On the other hand, a large number of emerging financial institutions have emerged

financial format also presents new characteristics such as real estate financialization, non bank institutions "banking" and asset securitization

The above changes are beyond the imagination of the instry, regulators and policy makers, and will bring a series of impacts:

on the positive side, the scale and composition of the financial system have been expanded, the business expansion and financial service capacity of financial institutions have been improved, the financial market has been developed, and innovative payment has developed rapidly. That's what we're going to talk about in financial technology

in a common saying, when the forest is big, there are all kinds of birds. The negative aspects are mainly reflected in the following aspects: the interaction between the

financial system and the real economy tends to be complex, and the role of the financial system in promoting and amplifying asset bubbles is underestimated. p>

the reticulation and strong correlation of the financial system widen the gap between the financial instry and financial supervision, and weaken the effectiveness of traditional supervision. China's current financial supervision system has only been in operation for more than ten years

the transmission path and mechanism of monetary policy through the financial system have changed (the transmission chain of monetary policy has been lengthened or deformed, the conctivity and effectiveness have declined), and the initiative and effectiveness of regulation are facing new constraints. Since its establishment in 1996, the current monetary policy framework has been constantly improved in response to the development of economy and financial market, but the complexity of the financial system in recent years has put it to a new test. Broad money M2 is also impacted by financial deepening, electronic payment and other factors, and further weakened by the shadow banking system

all kinds of cross market, cross business and cross-border behaviors to evade supervision make a variety of risk factors intertwined, such as: capital pool operation with serious mismatch of maturity and procts hides large liquidity risk, proct nesting leads to risk transmission, insufficient shadow banking supervision, local debt, real estate, external shocks, etc., all of which bring great challenges to the stability of the financial system

without comparison, there is no harm, and China's financial system as a whole is relatively backward. This kind of backwardness is mainly reflected in the backwardness of bank innovation: the people's Bank of China announced in October 2015 to abolish the "interest margin protection", while the interest rate of the United States had been completely marketized as early as April 1986, and China was nearly 30 years late

3 the institutional framework and basic problems of China's financial system

Second, the * * third party acts as a credit intermediary to guarantee the realization of asset transfer transactions

the third is the transaction settlement and clearing completed by the centralized clearing organization

Based on this, there are also four problems:

1) credit system and trust mechanism. Traditional finance must have strict transaction records to accumulate credit. Without transaction records, it is difficult to achieve financing or loans, because there is no technical means to ensure the safety of transactions between the two sides

(2) transaction settlement takes a long time. The time of traditional financial transactions has been speeding up, but the settlement time is still relatively long, especially for cross-border transactions, which often can not arrive immediately

(3) the cost of intermediary service is high. The traditional financial transaction system is very important

4. There is no direct link between gold and bitcoin< Both of them are not money:
money is widely accepted as a medium of exchange. Gold is classified as money, which can be traced back to the early capitalism. At that time, gold could be used to exchange anything, but it didn't play much role. Gold is often in short supply. As a tradable tool and asset currency, it can be exchanged for a certain amount of US dollars
bitcoin has now become a means of online and offline payment, which has been accepted by many countries, but it has not been accepted by the whole world
2. The two are not irreplaceable: gold was used a long time ago, but it was rarely found and created by substitutes like gold. Bitcoin has many substitutes. Who knows what other encrypted electronic currency and technology will destroy the current market
3. Gold is a commodity, but bitcoin is not
gold is a basic commodity or hard asset that can be used in business, and can be used as a material to proce other commodities. People can also use gold for physical delivery and then make it into some other form for use. Although bitcoin is storable, it is not physical and cannot be held, felt or transferred
4. Are bitcoin and gold risk averse
bitcoin and gold are rare, their prices may be volatile, and each of them serves as an alternative investment to those who lack confidence in fiat money and monetary policy. Bitcoin trading is not as easy as gold, because people have to buy bitcoin through online trading platforms or invest in over-the-counter bitcoin trusts.

5.

Blockchain 4.0 is the landing of a large number of scene applications and the deep integration of multiple fields, such as blockchain plus artificial intelligence, supercomputing, big data, etc., which requires and promotes the upgrading of the underlying infrastructure construction, greatly improves its inclusiveness, carrying capacity and scalability, builds its solid ecological network system, and makes the blockchain value network radiate more scenes, Value is more reflected. The block chain structure is as follows:

as a new generation of public chain, SPG super gold puts forward its own innovation on the basis of absorbing the advantages of public chain in the past. Considering that Neo has its own unique advantages in solving the problems of low scalability, low concurrency and low transaction feedback of the public chain, and has achieved practical results, at the same time, in the super gold cryptocurrency SPG generation mode, it prefers the mining output mode under the more decentralized workload proof mechanism, Therefore, super gold creatively launched a two-tier structure combining transaction verification with Ethereum workload proof algorithm ethash, which separated transaction verification and block packaging synchronization, so as to better solve the problems of low scalability, low concurrency, low transaction feedback and block congestion of blockchain, At the same time, the smart contract system of super gold is more suitable for the development trend of current blockchain technology. The support of cross chain protocol for cross chain transaction can help build a public chain platform with higher universality, wider application range and more prosperous and stable ecology. Therefore, SPG super gold can be classified as blockchain 4.0 array

6. The gold token issued by digix is the gold in the digital asset world. It is a typical representative of asset token project. How can it be linked with gold
gold is the best choice for risk aversion. The gold token issued by digix is the gold in the world of digital assets, and its token, DGX for short, can play a role of hedging in the world of digital assets
How can DGX benchmark gold? It will be gold assets on the chain (that is: blockchain) operation. For example, if you have a kilogram of gold ready for sale, you can cut the gold for sale, but it is too troublesome and easy to cause loss. You can also send 1kg of gold to Singapore for LBMA to verify the gold. After the verification, the certificate of ownership of gold assets will be issued to you
the digital certificate can be converted into 1000 DGX tokens, i.e. 1 DGX token = 1 gram of gold. The circulation efficiency of gold has been greatly improved. Similarly, when you need to extract gold, as long as you have the corresponding token, you can replace it with a certificate to extract gold.

7. In general, you need to play 3-4 low-level skills first, and then use high-level skills to top them. If you belong to the same kind of skills, you can certainly top them. Just like if you have symbiosis, you can certainly top them. It should be noted that there can only be one manual skill, one automatic skill, and two or three auxiliary skills. BB is a rich man's thing... Pure manual, please adopt it

8.

In 1991, the Journal of cryptography published an article by S. Harper and w. stonetta, which discussed the method of adding time stamps to digital documents. In 1992, the same group of people discussed how to increase efficiency. This is the origin of blockchain technology. In 2008, the "blockchain" created by people or groups under the pseudonym of Nakamoto Tsung by bitcoin has a more idealistic color exclusive to the Internet

as one of many solutions of distributed computing, the most significant feature of blockchain compared with other distributed computing is that there is no need for administrators. For this reason, blockchain has paid a huge price in efficiency

Secondly, since digital currency is likely to become an important form of payment for sovereign currency in the future and contribute to the global use of sovereign currency, digital currency and gold are complementary and symbiotic. Blockchain provides a window to observe the real exchange rate and interest rate of sovereign currency. If we need to make the world generally accept the digital currency of sovereign countries, we need to first generally accept the credit currency of sovereign countries. As an ancient and widely accepted credit collateral, gold is obviously an important part of sovereign state reserves. With the impact of digital currency on traditional settlement system, the importance of local currency value will rise

especially with the explosive growth of global negative interest rate bonds, the number of credit collateral that can stably support the value of local currency is decreasing. At present, whether negative interest rate can last is a controversial topic in the academic circle. We tend to think that negative interest rate itself is a short-term phenomenon, and in the long run, it must be settled once and for all. In the process, as a traditional safe haven asset, gold is bound to have more space, and the trinity of gold (credit support), sovereign currency (credit medium) and digital currency (circulation means) will also be the international strategy of sovereign currency

the ideal of blockchain has failed, but the application of blockchain has just begun. The gold instry and gold should play an active role in this wave and contribute to RMB internationalization and instrial upgrading

9. Bitcoin itself has some "attributes" behind gold, but the way of implementation is very different.

10. He wanted to replace gold and recreate an economic structure