How did blockchain come into being

1.

We need to establish data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer

1. The data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and algorithms such as data encryption and time stamp

2. The network layer includes distributed networking mechanism, data transmission mechanism and data verification mechanism

The consensus layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of consensus algorithms of network nodes

The incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuing mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives

5. The contract layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the basis of the programmable characteristics of blockchain

6. The application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of blockchain

, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, stressed in the eighteenth collective learning of the Central Political Bureau, "block chain as an important breakthrough in core technology and independent innovation", "accelerating the development of block chain technology and instrial innovation". <

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the forward-looking judgment of the CPC Central Committee has brought the "blockchain" into the public view and become the common focus of financial capital, real economy and public opinion

from network power to big data, from media integration to blockchain, the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee has collectively studied and aimed at the forefront of technological change, showing the direction, foresight and foresight of the CPC Central Committee, leading the pace of China's instrial change and economic transformation. This collective study of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC, with special emphasis on "blockchain", has opened up an imaginary space for the development and application of blockchain

from the perspective of science and technology, blockchain involves many scientific and technological issues such as mathematics, cryptography, Internet and computer programming. From the perspective of application, in short, blockchain is a distributed shared ledger and database, which is decentralized, tamper proof, traceable, collective maintenance, open and transparent

these features ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of the blockchain, and lay the foundation for creating trust in the blockchain. The rich application scenarios of blockchain are basically based on the fact that blockchain can solve the problem of information asymmetry, and realize the cooperative trust and concerted action among multiple agents

2. Satoshi Nakamoto, who calls himself Japanese American, is the creator of bitcoin protocol and its related software bitcoin QT, but his real identity is unknown. In 2008, Nakamoto published a paper called "bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system", which describes an electronic currency and its algorithm called "bitcoin". In 2009, he released the first bitcoin software and officially launched the bitcoin financial system. In 2010, he graally faded out and handed over the project to other members of the bitcoin community. Nakamoto is believed to hold about one million bitcoins.

3. Traditional transactions on the Internet need to rely on trusted third-party institutions to process electronic payment information, and both parties trust the third-party institutions However, the third-party intervention also has many disadvantages:< Br > - high transaction cost (a certain handling charge)< Br > - Privacy exposure (the third party needs to provide the information of both parties in order to verify the information)< Br > -... < br > imagine that if the third-party organization is removed and the two parties trade directly, how can the transaction take effect? The emergence of blockchain technology is to solve this problem. Blockchain is based on the principle of cryptography rather than trust mechanism, which makes the two parties reach an agreement to trade directly and publish it to all witnesses.

4. The development of blockchain can be divided into three stages. Melanie Swann, founder of blockchain Science Research Institute, in her book blockchain: blueprint and guide to new economy, according to the application and development of blockchain, it can be divided into three stages: blockchain 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0< br /> 
I. blockchain 1.0 cryptocurrency era (2008-2013)
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in 2008, Nakamoto first proposed the concepts of bitcoin and blockchain, and then in January 2009, the first blockchain came out. At this stage, people pay more attention to the transaction of cryptocurrency, and blockchain is only used as the underlying technology to act as a "public account book"< br /> 
2. Blockchain 2.0 smart contract era (2014-2017)
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in 2014, & quot; Blockchain 2.0 "has become the pronoun of decentralized blockchain database. At this stage, people mainly focus on the application of the platform. Anyone can upload and execute the smart contract on the blockchain, and will be rewarded automatically after the execution. Because this transaction process does not need any intermediary, so people's privacy has been greatly protected< br /> 
III. blockchain 3.0 large scale application era (2018 -)
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at this stage, people begin to build a completely decentralized data network, and the application of blockchain technology is no longer limited to the economic field, but expanded to the fields of art, law, real estate, hospital, human resources and so on.

5.

(1) Technical level. Since 2007, distributed computing has affected technical developers, so it is normal for bitcoin to appear in the field of virtual currency

(2) hardware level. The popularity of PC servers and the exponential growth of computing power

(3) commercial level. The three characteristics of blockchain, namely, decentralization, distrust and extremely difficult forgery, just meet the needs of recing the trust cost and speeding up the transaction speed in financial fields such as stock trading and bank settlement

(4) political level. Blockchain can rece the transaction cost to a certain extent, but the anonymity and untraceability of blockchain cause huge political risk

[blockchain as the underlying technology of bitcoin was proposed at the end of 2008]

< p class = ikqb_ image_ Blockchain is mentioned in this book