Blockchain biometrics

1. How to explain the concept of blockchain? The understanding of people in each instry is different, and the relevant explanations are graally emerging because of more and more practical applications. With the popularity of this blockchain technology, the relevant achievements are also growing. If we want to understand this kind of technology, we must have a deep understanding from the reality

in the past six months, the concept of blockchain has graally become hot in China, and the financial circle has been blowing waves of blockchain whirlwind. With its unique technical advantages, blockchain has attracted more and more attention and favor from people in the instry. With the characteristics of decentralization (or multi centralization), high transparency, impossibility of tampering and no single point of failure, blockchain technology is coming into the vision of financial institutions and enterprises. At least it has been applied from theoretical discussion to practical application in many fields, such as digital currency, payment and exchange, registration and settlement, digital assets, traceability and anti-counterfeiting, supply chain, Internet of things, etc

"blockchain" was first released in early 2009 as "bitcoin". Blockchain has become the basic protocol and technical application for the launch, recording and circulation of bitcoin. Although bitcoin has been controversial since it came into being, and it can not even be regarded as "currency" by the government and monetary authorities, the blockchain technology applied by bitcoin has been widely concerned by the government and monetary authorities

why has blockchain become a hot technology and topic

perhaps the most important of these is that bitcoin, which is based on blockchain technology, has opened a new technology and rule system exploration and attempt, which has little connection with traditional society (offline) and is completely applied to the online world (online), such as Internet users' identity verification, wealth confirmation, transaction records, notarization verification, etc, This provides people with an alternative path and unlimited reverie to adapt to the development of the Internet society
from the perspective of its application in bitcoin, blockchain intuitively means a new set of network block (block, also known as community) establishment, bitcoin configuration, netizen identity verification, and bitcoin (value) confirmation and transaction records formed by mining by combining encryption technology with Internet technology, As well as the extended encryption of bitcoin cross block flow (value transfer) (including factors such as block and transaction time identification) registration and verification, the internet protocol rules and ledger system including block chain, whole process encryption and mutual authentication. Because bitcoin is not a substitute for offline fiat money, but a new and decentralized network currency (virtual currency) issued and managed by the illegal monetary authority, which mainly imitates the mode of gold and is completely protected and supported by the Internet basic protocol and strict encryption technology, it has also formed a set of virtual currency which is different from It is also not subject to the new monetary rules and systems of social laws, and can be traded or exchanged with legal tender. Bitcoin has been more than eight years since it was launched, and there has been no record of funds or user information stolen. Its security has been verified, and its efficiency and cost of capital clearing also have obvious advantages. This makes people have more confidence in the blockchain technology applied by bitcoin, and it is also more and more clear that although blockchain is a technology and protocol initiated and applied by bitcoin, blockchain is not the same as bitcoin, and its application will never be limited to bitcoin. The application of blockchain can be decentralized or centralized; It can be public chain mode or private chain mode. Therefore, after bitcoin, blockchain technology is constantly developing and innovating, and constantly exploring new application fields, especially in the financial field

the reason why more and more people attach great importance to blockchain is that with the development and wide application of the Internet, more and more economic exchanges and trading activities have been transferred to the Internet, and the network world (or online society) is rapidly expanding, enriching and active, while online transactions must solve the problems of identity verification, value verification, transaction records, etc The efficiency and security protection of inspection and verification need strict intermediary and agreement (rules or constitution). In this regard, the traditional thinking and practice is to conform to the development track of the transfer from offline trading to online trading, and push the common rules and practices of the real (offline) society to the online (Network) society, but it is increasingly difficult to adapt to the needs of online trading in practice
for example, the natural choice of the party's identity verification is to add the account or transaction password, as well as biometrics such as Facebook, iris, fingerprint, etc., based on the information of the identity documents protected by the laws of various countries, to carry out the identity verification of online transactions. But this method, first of all, makes the citizenship information of the cross-border interconnected network world subject to the real social administrative jurisdiction, At the same time, non digital, multi identity information collection and verification will greatly increase the cost and rece the efficiency
moreover, in real society, all kinds of economic activities involving capital liquidation, except direct cash transactions, require the parties to open accounts in banks and other institutions first, and carry out capital liquidation through the account opening institutions. However, for various reasons, even in a country, it is impossible to require all citizens to open accounts in an account opening institution (including its branches), It is even more impossible to do this between multinational companies, which makes the transactions of the parties who open accounts in different institutions must be completed through the clearing between their account opening institutions. It will seriously affect the efficiency and cost of transaction confirmation and capital clearing if this mode is implemented in the network world

in addition, in real society, the valuation and liquidation of trading activities must involve money, which is legal tender protected by national or regional sovereignty. In the case of cross-border Internet Interconnection and cross-border development of Internet transactions, transaction pricing and capital clearing also involve currency issues. The operation of multiple currencies will greatly increase the cost and risk of clearing. Therefore, the development of network world and network transaction needs the innovation of identity verification, value verification, currency valuation, transaction confirmation and record, account management and verification. Bitcoin and blockchain technology provide very important enlightenment and practice

of course, blockchain is still a new concept and technology, which needs further verification and improvement; The application of bitcoin is also an extreme example: the initial bitcoin can not be directly converted from legal tender, but can only be obtained through "mining" in the network world. Therefore, bitcoin can completely set aside the offline social rules, form a new set of game rules by using blockchain technology, and extend from online to offline. In real society, whether online or offline transactions, the main body is people (including legal persons). The management of their wealth or value should not be completely divided into two worlds, but must be connected and integrated. Therefore, o2o is necessary. This requires the application of blockchain not only to study and solve the problems of the network world, but also to study and solve the connection and integration between the network world and the real society. This will bring more challenges and risks, and also require more people, more strength, more in-depth discussion and innovation. It is also possible that blockchain technology will be replaced by more advanced and perfect technology in the future, but the historical value of blockchain will be indelible

the development of blockchain technology in China

Bubi blockchain is a commercial blockchain. Bubi covers seven areas: exchange, points (multiple points, gege points), insurance (sunshine insurance will launch accident insurance on our blockchain in a month, which can greatly rece channel costs), equity crowdfunding (gold stock chain, etc.), supply chain finance (Qian Xiang, etc.), supply chain (cooperation with the material chain, etc.), jewelry anti-counterfeiting, etc. Some funds cooperating with Bubby have committed 150 million investment funds. Bubby plays the role of "LP" in the fund, helping the fund identify and invest in companies related to blockchain. At present, the average amount of angel investment obtained through Bubi blockchain is about 3 million, with an average valuation of more than 40 million

blockchain can drive the birth of a new business model

the characteristics of blockchain technology enable it to achieve some business models that are difficult to achieve in the centralized mode. For example, in the Internet of things instry, some organizations have proposed to use blockchain technology to manage the identity, payment and maintenance tasks of tens of billions of Internet of things devices. Using blockchain technology, IOT equipment manufacturers can greatly extend the life cycle of procts and rece the cost of IOT maintenance

blockchain technology has a flexible architecture

according to different application scenarios and user needs, blockchain technology can be divided into public chain, private chain and alliance chain, which can be selected according to the actual use of institutions<

blockchain technology is a useful tool to realize sharing finance

the essence of sharing finance is to realize the optimal allocation of financial resources by recing the asymmetry of financial information, and to ensure the implementation of the rights and interests of both parties in the transaction and facilitate the transaction through strict third-party authentication and supervision mechanism. Through the use of blockchain technology, financial information and financial value can be more strictly protected, and more efficient and lower cost flow can be realized, so as to realize the sharing of value and information

"from the perspective of historical development trend, money has always evolved with the development of technological progress and economic activities. From the early physical money, commodity money to the later credit money, it is a natural choice to adapt to the development of human commercial society. As the currency of the previous generation, paper money has low technology content. From the perspective of safety and cost, it is the general trend to be replaced by new technology and new procts. It will take at least 10 years for China to implement digital currency, so digital currency and cash will be in parallel and graally replaced for quite a long time. "“ For digital currency, blockchain technology is an optional technology, which is characterized by distributed bookkeeping, non account based and non tampering. If digital currency focuses on the protection of personal privacy, blockchain technology can be selected. The people's Bank of China has deployed an important force to study and discuss blockchain application technology. However, so far, blockchain still occupies too many resources, whether it is computing resources or storage resources, which can not cope with the current transaction scale. Whether it can be solved in the future depends on the situation. "

the development of Internet is in the ascendant and irreversible. The development of the network world and its connection and integration with the real society are also the general trend, and the corresponding rules and technology are of great significance. China has been in the forefront of the world in Internet application, and should actively explore and contribute to new rule making and technology application, and strive to lead the new development of the Internet world

what is the concept of blockchain? People will realize that blockchain technology plays a more and more important role in reality, and is supported by many organizations, so that the popularization of blockchain in reality has entered a new application stage.

2.

What are the applications of blockchain in tourism? What problems can be solved

in the tourism instry, big data maturity, bundling and price increase, and information opacity have become the pain points of the current instry. When Ctrip becomes a channel brand and a dominant company, the so-called decentralization gives other similar companies the opportunity to decentralize the channels

at present, many technology start-ups are focusing on the technology of blockchain, because it will subvert many instries, including banking, health care, ecation and tourism. In fact, blockchain startups received about $1.8 billion in investment in 2017

blockchain in the tourism instry

I believe that everyone who goes out to travel will encounter some inconvenient things more or less. Even if they have made full preparations in the early stage, there will still be some other things that will affect the whole travel experience and mood. For example, long lines of security checks, identification ready, and being asked to give up a seat voluntarily e to overbooking

Secondly, there will be fraud, which is very important. The annual loss of travel agencies is as high as 0.44%, and 4% of the plane bookings are rejected e to fraud. All of these problems will cost the tourism instry 4.8 billion dollars every year

and blockchain can solve these problems well. The following are the application cases of blockchain in tourism

According to statistics, up to 40 million travel documents have been recorded as lost or stolen in recent years. However, through biometrics and blockchain, identity and travel files can be recorded and stored permanently, which can be accessed with a single click. We don't have to print multiple documents for multiple checkpoints on the trip. Credit card information can also be easily stored. Airplanes, hotels and passports can streamline travelers' equipment, and government agencies can handle tourists more safely

2. Smart contract

blockchain has been used to consolidate the contract between enterprises, and neither party can change the terms. In the tourism instry, there is a huge space for smart contracts. Travelers and travel agents will record all transactions in one block; Loyalty programs and tourist points can be stored in blocks; The commission agreement among airlines, hotels and booking agents will also clearly distinguish who gets the fee and when; The company agreement signed with the travel agency can be preserved forever without doubt or hidden expenses

3. Avoiding fraud

as far as I know, there were about 55 million consumers booking third-party platforms that they thought belonged to hotels last year. In fact, these websites were operated by fraudsters. It not only caused the direct loss of consumers, but also affected the reputation of the hotel concerned

if it is applied to blockchain technology, it will effectively solve the above problems and help consumers verify ownership. In addition, with the characteristics of storing documents and identities in block form, travel agencies do not need to manually check whether these reservations are marked as potential fraud. Tourist information can be safely accessed through the blockchain, and the loss caused by fraud will be significantly reced

4. Overbooking

this is an old headache for tourists who may be kicked off the plane because no one is willing to give up their seats. The government is even taking regulatory measures to punish airlines for such acts. Through the blockchain, passengers will have higher security, their reservations will be stored in a block safely, and airlines will be forced to give up the practice of overbooking

in addition, tourism involves various service instries, and there are many different consumption points plans in the process of travel. It's just that all kinds of scoring systems are complicated and isolated from each other, and customers don't know the details very well. This not only affects the interests of customers, but also brings trouble to tourism companies. If we use the blockchain technology to unify these points plans into the shared ledger, and use a wallet to manage points, we may be able to solve these long-standing problems

3. 1、 Decentralization:
blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain< Second, openness:
the foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent< Third, independence:
based on consensus specifications and Protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as hash algorithm used by bitcoin), the whole blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and safely verify and exchange data in the system without any human intervention< Fourth, security:
as long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, the network data cannot be arbitrarily controlled and modified, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes
5. Anonymity:
unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transmission can be carried out anonymously
Digital China is the first major development strategy explicitly put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The application of digital technology represented by cloud computing, big data and mobile Internet is no longer limited to the economic field, but widely penetrated into all aspects of public services, social development and people's life, which requires macro coordination, overall control and integrated development
with the deepening of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and instrial change, the tide of digital economy in the world is unstoppable. The development of digital economy has become a global consensus, known as the key to the fourth instrial revolution
adhering to the connotation of the University of nice's world inclusive humanistic spirit, always embracing change, standing up to the tide, conforming to the development trend of the digital economy era, and integrating the essence of Chinese and Western cultural thinking, the University of nice's doctor of blockchain and digital economy management (DDE) came into being
based on this, we can enable the managers of digital economy instry to have global vision and global integration thinking, integrate knowledge, operate digital economy intelligently, promote the sustainable development of the instry, and contribute to the community of human destiny. Therefore, DDE project will cooperate with colleagues in the field of digital economy
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4. People who play digital currency know that everyone's wallet account has a private key. If you lose the private key, all the property in the wallet will no longer exist, so losing the private key is a terrible thing for friends who play currency. In addition, the person in charge of an encrypted digital currency exchange in a foreign country said: "it is the iron law of the blockchain world to recognize only the private key but not the person. With the current computing power and technology, it is absolutely impossible to dece the private key from the address. If it is feasible, all the addresses on the whole blockchain will lose security, and the assets on the blockchain will lose their meaning. "

5. I've heard about the biometric chain. The procts recommended by their company are very good, and now they are quite recognized.

6. To put it simply, it's DIY's machine, that is, the machine that is not originally manufactured by the manufacturer, but is indivially assembled. The components in it can be proced by the same manufacturer, but more of them are computers that integrate the strengths of all the companies. IBM company adopted 8088 chips proced by Intel company as the CPU (central processing unit) of the computer in 1980 to proce a personal computer. At that time, many software was designed based on 8088, so many hardware manufacturers used CPU compatible with 8088 chip proced by Intel company. In view of IBM's advanced position in this field, the computers proced by IBM using Intel chips as CPU are called undisturbed computers, while the computers proced by other companies are called compatible computers. In the 1990s, we began to call all the branded machines we sell as brand-name machines, and all the computers that we buy accessories or are recommended by the assembly shop as compatible machines. In fact, there is no real PC brand mechanism manufacturer in China, including Lenovo and founder, because the core computer technology is controlled in the United States, Japan and other countries, and most of the proction lines are in foreign countries. In China, it is basically processing and assembling with supplied materials, and then selling with its own brand.

7. I didn't make it clear. Do you mean to combine multiple computers? Need special network structure and software support, consult professionals. If not, you can find several people and click the shortcut of the program on several computers at the same time. ha-ha