Alibaba health Changzhou Medical Alliance blockchain
blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a disintermediated database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the effectiveness of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies
in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential way according to the time sequence, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography
broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method to program and operate data by using intelligent contract composed of automated script code
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the evolution mode of blockchain is as follows:
& 9642; Blockchain 1.0 - digital currency
▪ Blockchain 2.0 - digital assets and smart contracts
▪ Blockchain 3.0 - Implementation of distributed applications in various instries
blockchain features:
1. Disintermediation. Due to the use of Distributed Accounting and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization in the system, the rights and obligations of any node are equal, and the data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system
2. Openness. The system is open. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent
3. Autonomy. Blockchain adopts consensus based specifications and Protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the whole system to exchange data freely and safely in a de trusted environment, so that the trust in "people" is changed into the trust in machines, and any human intervention does not work
The information can not be tampered with. Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid. Therefore, the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high5. Anonymity. Because the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction does not need to be trusted (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is effective). Therefore, the counterparties do not need to make the other party trust themselves by disclosing their identities, which is very helpful for the accumulation of credit
The strict definition of blockchain refers to the distributed database technology that multiple nodes in peer-to-peer network jointly maintain a continuously growing list ledger constructed by time stamp and orderly record data blocks through consensus mechanism based on cryptography technology. This technical solution allows any number of nodes in the participating system to calculate and record all the information exchange data in the system in a period of time to a data block through cryptography algorithm, and generate the fingerprint of the data block for linking the next data block and checking. All participating nodes in the system jointly determine whether the record is true
blockchain is a technical solution similar to NoSQL (non relational database). It is not a specific technology, and can be implemented through many programming languages and architectures. There are many ways to realize blockchain, including pow (proof of work), POS (proof of stake), dpos (delegate proof of stake), etc
the concept of blockchain was first proposed in the paper "bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system" by indivials (or groups) who call themselves Satoshi Nakamoto. Therefore, bitcoin can be regarded as the first application of blockchain in the field of financial payment
< H2 > [popular explanation]no matter how big the system or how small the website is, there is a database behind it. So who will maintain this database? In general, who is responsible for the operation of the network or system, then who is responsible for the maintenance. If it is wechat database, it must be maintained by Tencent team, and Taobao database is maintained by Alibaba team. We must think that this way is natural, but blockchain technology is not
if we think of the database as a book, for example, Alipay is a typical account book. Any change of data is bookkeeping. We can think of database maintenance as a very simple way of accounting. In the world of blockchain, everyone in the blockchain system has the opportunity to participate in bookkeeping. The system will select the fastest and best bookkeeper in a period of time, maybe within ten seconds or ten minutes. The bookkeeper will record the changes of the database and the account book in a block. We can think of this block as a page. After the system confirms that the records are correct, the system will record the changes of the database and the account book in a block, It will link the fingerprint of the past account book to this paper, and then send this paper to everyone else in the whole system. Then, over and over again, the system will look for the next person with fast and good bookkeeping, and everyone else in the system will get a of the whole ledger. This means that everyone as like as two peas in the system is called Blockchain. It is also called distributed account technology. P>
as like as two peas (computer) have identical accounting books, and everyone has the same rights, they will not collapse e to the loss of contact or downtime of a single person. As like as two peas, the data is transparent and everyone can see what changes are in every account. Its very interesting feature is that the data can't be tampered with. Because the system will automatically compare, it will think that the same number of books with the largest number are real books, and a small number of books with different numbers are false books. In this case, it's meaningless for anyone to tamper with his own account book, because unless you can tamper with most nodes in the whole system. If there are only five or ten nodes in the whole system, it may be easy to do so. However, if there are tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of nodes and they are distributed in any corner of the Internet, unless someone can control most computers in the world, it is unlikely to tamper with such a large block chain
< H2 > [elements]combined with the definition of blockchain, we think that we must have the following four elements to be called public blockchain technology. If we only have the first three elements, we will consider it as private blockchain Technology (private chain)
1, peer-to-peer network (power equivalence, physical point-to-point connection)
2, verifiable data structure (verifiable PKC system, non tampering database)
3, distributed consensus mechanism (Solving Byzantine general problem, solving double payment)
4 Game design of Nash equilibrium (cooperation is the strategy of evolutionary stability)
combined with the definition of blockchain, blockchain will realize four main characteristics: decentralized, trustless, collective maintenance and reliable database. And the other two will be derived from the four characteristics Features: open source Privacy. If a system does not have these characteristics, it can not be regarded as an application based on blockchain technology
Decentralized: there is no centralized hardware or management organization in the whole network. The rights and obligations of any node are equal, and the damage or loss of any node will not affect the operation of the whole system. Therefore, it can also be considered that the blockchain system has excellent robustnesstrustworthiness: there is no need to trust each other when participating in the data exchange between each node in the whole system. The operation rules of the whole system are open and transparent, and all data contents are also open. Therefore, within the specified rule range and time range of the system, nodes cannot and cannot cheat other nodes
collective maintenance: the data blocks in the system are maintained by all the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system, and these nodes with maintenance function can be participated by anyone
reliable database: the whole system will enable each participating node to obtain a of the complete database in the form of sub databases. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the whole system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid, and the data content on other nodes cannot be affected. Therefore, the more nodes and computing power in the system, the higher the data security in the system
Open Source: since the operation rules of the whole system must be open and transparent, the whole system must be open source for the program
Privacy Protection: since there is no need to trust each other between nodes, there is no need to disclose the identity between nodes, and the privacy of each participating node in the system is protected
Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database. The data or information stored in it is characterized by "unforgeability", "trace in the whole process", "traceability", "openness and transparency" and "collective maintenance". Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid "trust" foundation, created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, and has broad application prospects
on January 10, 2019, the state Internet Information Office issued the regulations on the management of blockchain information services. In October 24, 2019, ring the eighteenth collective learning of the Central Political Bureau, general secretary Xi Jinping stressed that "block chain as an important breakthrough in core technology and independent innovation", "accelerating the development of block chain technology and instrial innovation". "Blockchain" has entered the public field of vision and become the focus of social attention
on December 2, 2019, the word was selected into the top ten catchwords of "biting words" in 2019
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Application of blockchain Finance:
since 2016, the major financial giants have also carried out blockchain innovation projects to explore the possibility of applying blockchain Technology in various financial scenarios. In particular, Puyin group took the lead in creating a "blockchain +" standard digital currency
standard digital currency refers to the process of assets identification, evaluation, right confirmation and insurance completed by a third party organization, which is written into the blockchain through careful digital algorithm to form the standard corresponding relationship between assets and digital currency, which is called standard digital currency
in order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, promote the new development of China's economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the dream of rejuvenation that has been struggling for generations, Puyin group will hold the Guiyang strategic development ceremony of Puyin blockchain finance in Guizhou on December 9, 2016
the meeting will discuss the realization of digital circulation of assets by blockchain, the financial transaction mode of blockchain, and the application of blockchain services and social public instry. This conference will mark the beginning of the application of blockchain finance and the change and development of the new financial ecology
blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain< Second, openness:
the foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent< Third, independence:
based on consensus specifications and Protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as hash algorithm used by bitcoin), the whole blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and safely verify and exchange data in the system without any human intervention< Fourth, security:
as long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, the network data cannot be arbitrarily controlled and modified, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes
5. Anonymity:
unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transmission can be carried out anonymously
Digital China is the first major development strategy explicitly put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The application of digital technology represented by cloud computing, big data and mobile Internet is no longer limited to the economic field, but widely penetrated into all aspects of public services, social development and people's life, which requires macro coordination, overall control and integrated development
with the deepening of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and instrial change, the tide of digital economy in the world is unstoppable. The development of digital economy has become a global consensus, known as the key to the fourth instrial revolution
adhering to the connotation of the University of nice's world inclusive humanistic spirit, always embracing change, standing up to the tide, conforming to the development trend of the digital economy era, and integrating the essence of Chinese and Western cultural thinking, the University of nice's doctor of blockchain and digital economy management (DDE) came into being
based on this, we can enable the managers of digital economy instry to have global vision and global integration thinking, integrate knowledge, operate digital economy intelligently, promote the sustainable development of the instry, and contribute to the community of human destiny. Therefore, DDE project will cooperate with colleagues in the field of digital economy
if you have MBA related questions, you are welcome to contact me personally&# 180;&# 65381;&# 7447;&# 65381;` ) Bixin~~~~
Ma Yun: I want to know what bitcoin can bring to the society
at the two sessions, Ma Yun... Oh, sorry, Comrade Ma Yun who doesn't want to wear a red hat didn't attend the two sessions
In November 2017, Alibaba, ant financial services and xiong'an signed a strategic cooperation agreement to build a "digital xiong'an blockchain implementation platform". At present, ant financial services has provided blockchain landing application technology in the rental field in xiong'an. It can be said that xiong'an has become the first pilot field of Ali in the overall implementation project of blockchain technologyThe sudden epidemic situation has pressed the "pause" button for many instries, but science and technology is the most effective means to fight against disasters. Blockchain technology has realized the combination with finance, logistics, supply chain, government affairs, public welfare, urban management and other application fields. At the same time, e to the imperfect development of technology, the role of blockchain in the prevention and control of the epidemic is very limited, so we need to explore deeper scenario applications
from the survey data, the main application directions of instrial blockchain in the post epidemic period include: traceability, financial (including insurance) supervision, collaborative sharing. Deposit certificate, digitization, credit investigation, digital asset transaction, etc
in the main application direction of instrial blockchain in the post epidemic period, more than 70% of enterprises choose traceability and financial (including insurance) supervision, in addition to collaborative sharing and certificate deposit. Digital also has more than 60% of the enterprise choice, compared with the low choice rate of credit reference and digital asset transaction, in which the choice rate of digital asset transaction is less than 50%, only 48%
to avoid risks and promote the healthy development of instrial blockchain
as an emerging technology development direction and instrial development field, blockchain has been widely concerned. The application of instrial blockchain is accelerating, which is mainly reflected in two aspects:
first, in the past, open source systems were represented in technology, and most of them were open source projects oriented to consumers, but now many projects oriented to instry and enterprise characteristics have been added; At the same time, more and more enterprises such as Internet giants and high-tech enterprises begin to enter this field, indicating that the era of instrial blockchain has come
secondly, the emergence of blockchain reces the threshold of trust and the cost of realization, enabling some financial and trade scenarios that could not be realized before to be realized. In this way, some new financial forms can be derived, providing more space for financial innovation
although the application of instrial blockchain is speeding up, it is still in an early stage of development. This is mainly reflected in the fact that blockchain technology alone can not fully solve the trust problems and information island problems between entities, and the emergence of blockchain technology also puts forward new problems for the current law and regulation
because of its decentralized and difficult to tamper with characteristics, blockchain has become a comprehensive subject driven by technology and deeply affecting economy, finance, society, organizational form and governance. In addition, blockchain technology is not yet fully mature in system stability, application security, business model and other aspects, which puts forward requirements for privacy protection and storage capacity of data on the chain
it should be noted that the current blockchain instry has been involved in many technical fields such as it, communication, security, cryptography and so on. What it needs is a kind of compound talents, which poses new challenges to personnel training and school ecation
the short-term impact of blockchain should be treated calmly to avoid overestimation. At the same time, it is necessary to further strengthen laws and regulations and supervision to avoid the possible risks of blockchain technology, so as to promote the healthy development of instrial blockchain
- for more data sources and analysis, please refer to the analysis report on China's blockchain instry market outlook and investment strategic planning of foresight Instry Research Institute