Blockchain second network
Because the design of blockchain is a kind of protection measure, such as distributed computing system with high fault tolerance. Blockchain makes hybrid consistency possible. This makes blockchain suitable for recording events, titles, medical records and other activities that need to include data, identity management, transaction process management and provenance management. Blockchain has great potential for financial disintermediation and has great influence on guiding Global trade
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1. Blockchain is a new application mode of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm to establish trust and obtain interests between different nodes in the blockchain system
2. Blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin, which is essentially a disintermediated database and the underlying technology of bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
3. Blockchain - the original blockchain is a kind of decentralized database, which contains a list called blocks, with continuously growing and orderly records. Each block contains a time stamp and a link with the previous block. The block chain is designed so that the data can not be tampered with. Once recorded, the data in a block will be irreversible
references : blockchain network
Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database. The data or information stored in it is characterized by "unforgeability", "trace in the whole process", "traceability", "openness and transparency" and "collective maintenance". Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid "trust" foundation, created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, and has broad application prospects
on January 10, 2019, the state Internet Information Office issued the regulations on the management of blockchain information services. In October 24, 2019, ring the eighteenth collective learning of the Central Political Bureau, general secretary Xi Jinping stressed that "block chain as an important breakthrough in core technology and independent innovation", "accelerating the development of block chain technology and instrial innovation". "Blockchain" has entered the public field of vision and become the focus of social attention
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related extension: blockchain financial application:
since 2016, the major financial giants have also carried out blockchain innovation projects to explore the possibility of applying blockchain technology in various financial scenarios. In particular, Puyin group took the lead in creating a "blockchain +" standard digital currency
standard digital currency refers to the process of assets identification, evaluation, right confirmation and insurance completed by a third party organization, which is written into the blockchain through careful digital algorithm to form the standard corresponding relationship between assets and digital currency, which is called standard digital currency
in order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, promote the new development of China's economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the dream of rejuvenation that has been struggling for generations, Puyin group will hold the Guiyang strategic development ceremony of Puyin blockchain finance in Guizhou on December 9, 2016
the meeting will discuss the realization of digital circulation of assets by blockchain, the financial transaction mode of blockchain, and the application of blockchain services and social public instry. This conference will mark the beginning of the application of blockchain finance and the change and development of the new financial ecology
on June 1, 2020, Xinhua news agency was authorized to broadcast the "overall plan for the construction of Hainan free trade port" issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, which will "actively participate in the formulation of international rules for cross-border data flow, and establish standards and rules for data rights confirmation, data trading, data security and blockchain finance" as one of the key tasks of Hainan free trade port before 2035
blockchain (English: blockchain or block chain) is a kind of distributed database . You may have heard about bitcoin, which is the core technology. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography. Each data block contains the information of a network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information and generate the next block. In a popular concept, blockchain is an account that everyone can keep. In a company or organization, most people only have the right to keep accounts, while only a few people with professional training have the right to keep accounts. Of course, blockchain is not an account book in the traditional sense. It has the following three key points in technical principle: first, decentralization. In a network practicing blockchain technology, each computer covered by it can read and add records. From the perspective of account book, they are the people who keep accounts together, and there is no authoritative person to guide and correct them. Second, asymmetric encryption. Although everyone can remember this account, they will not be able to read it unless they are in the Bureau. Because, in the accounting process, everyone follows the unified encryption rules, but when reading, they must use their own unique decryption method. Therefore, although everyone keeps this constantly updated account, the part they can read is only the one they can decrypt, that is, the part related to themselves. Third, time stamp. That is, time stamp (English: timestamp), refers to the string or coded information used to identify the recorded time and date. Each block on the blockchain is arranged in sequence according to the time it is generated, and is confirmed by collective authentication. Moreover, previous records cannot be modified. Just like in an account, we can index and verify the previous content through the records after a point in time. Once these contents are confirmed, it will be more difficult to tamper with them
blockchain technology is to maintain a growing distributed database of data records. These data are associated with all the data written before through cryptography technology, which makes it difficult for the third party or even the owner of the node to tamper with. Block contains the data that need to be saved in the database, and these data are written into the database through block organization. Chain usually refers to the use of Merkle tree and other methods to check whether all the current blocks have been modified. This is familiar to code farmers who have used git for a long time. Recall how to modify git's history
blockchain technology is mainly divided into three categories, which are open, collaborative and private
public blockchain
example: bitcoin, Ethereum frontier. The data on the public blockchain can be accessed by all people, and all people can issue transactions waiting to be written into the blockchain. Participants in the consensus process (corresponding to the miners in bitcoin) maintain the security of the database through cryptography technology and built-in economic incentives. Open blockchain is completely distributed
highlights and pain points: the open blockchain is completely distributed and has all the characteristics of bitcoin. However, it needs sufficient cost to maintain the system operation and relies on built-in incentives. At present, only bitcoin in the public blockchain is safe enough. If the algorithm is the same as bitcoin, it will be safe; There are no built-in rewards, but they are not; It's easy to concentrate on the attack of computing power (for example, as long as the raid sweeps goods and a large number of graphics cards), and take jujube pills. The more valuable the data on the open blockchain is, the more important it is to examine its security, transaction cost and system scalability
federated blockchain
example: audit system tried by hyperledger and Deloitte. The nodes participating in the blockchain are selected in advance, and there is likely to be a good network connection between the nodes. Other consensus algorithms without workload proof can be used on such a blockchain. For example, a blockchain has been established among 100 financial institutions, and more than 67 institutions must agree to reach a consensus. The data on such a blockchain can be public or internal to these node participants. Distributed in a partial sense
highlights and pain points: collaborative blockchain can achieve a good connection between nodes, only need a little cost to maintain operation, provide rapid transaction processing and low transaction costs, has good scalability (but the scalability will decline with the increase of nodes), and data can have certain privacy. Developers have the ability to change the protocol under the consensus. There is no problem with bitcoin hard fork, but it also means that everyone can tamper with the data together under the consensus. Collaborative blockchain also means that the application scope of this blockchain will not be too wide, lacking the network propagation effect of bitcoin
private blockchain
example: Eris instries. The participating nodes are only users themselves, and the access and use of data have strict authority management. Most of the blockchain technologies recently announced by some financial institutions for internal use are vague, but they are probably all within this scope
highlights and pain points: private blockchain is actually a confusing term. Such a system is nothing more than a shared database in the traditional sense. Merkle tree and other methods are used to try to show that the data in it is verifiable. There are already mature solutions for such databases, and Merkle tree is only one of many mature solutions. It's easy for these projects to be "like eggs". Because the user has the final say, the data inside can not be changed, and there is not much protection for the third party. Therefore, many private blockchains exist by attaching to bitcoin, such as recording system snapshots to bitcoin regularly
generally, protocol level assets can also be used as local procts of the protocol (no platform required!) Bitcoin is a good example. Bitcoin (capital B) refers to the agreement. The agreement depends on the local asset: bitcoin (small b). This local asset is also used as the end proct: it's the user's means of payment, the store of value, and (to be honest) a degree of hype. Please note that bitcoin does not really provide a platform. It's not very friendly for developers trying to build new procts on it< On the other hand, Ethereum has three levels. It's an agreement that provides the basic rules. This is a platform that enables developers to build new procts on the system. Moreover, because its agreement contains a local asset, it also gets a built-in proct (in the form of ether)
the application fields of blockchain include digital currency, token, finance, anti-counterfeiting traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. with the popularity of blockchain and bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered, which has a great impact on the domain name instry.
at present, the overall planning and top-level design of the blockchain service network have been completed, and the construction of more than 40 public city nodes in 31 provinces and autonomous regions has been completed. The blockchain service network will be tested internally for half a year. In the future, China UnionPay, together with the state information center, China Mobile and other partners, will actively promote security and function testing, technical architecture optimization, business operation scheme formulation, basic service capacity building, innovative application promotion and other work, and finally realize the commercial operation of the whole system
interested developers can view it on the official website of the blockchain service network.